Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …
description
Transcript of Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …
![Page 1: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …
![Page 2: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Haram Mosque in Makkah
![Page 3: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Hajj at the Ka'bah
![Page 4: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dome of the Rock (Israel)
![Page 5: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Royal Mosque (Pakistan)
![Page 6: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Samarra Mosque
(Iraq)
![Page 7: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Alhambra (Spain)
![Page 9: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Al-Razi & Ibn Sina
![Page 10: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Al - Khwarizmi
![Page 11: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Astrolabe
![Page 12: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
A Thousand and One Arabian Nights
![Page 13: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
![Page 15: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Islamic calligraphy (Allah)
![Page 16: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Muhammad
![Page 17: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Five Pillars of Islam
I. Profession of Faith
![Page 19: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
II. Prayer
![Page 20: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
III. Almsgiving
![Page 21: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IV. Fasting
![Page 22: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
V. Pilgrimage
![Page 23: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Spread of Islam
![Page 24: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
After the death of Muhammad…• Muhammad left no clear instructions on
succession →prominent Muslims met & chose a caliph (successor) and expansion continued
1. Abu Bakr (Muhammad’s father-in-law)2. Umar (father-in-law)
– conquered peoples retained land & religion– required to pay a special tax, known as the jizya
3. Uthman (son-in-law)4. Ali (son-in-law: Fatimah)
![Page 25: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Divisions w/in Islam• In Syria, governor Muawiya refused to pay Ali
allegiance & after the murder of Ali in 661, became the caliph of the entire Muslim world
• This created a split in Muslim world – Ali’s followers refused to follow Muawiya & the concept of the caliph as a political leader → Shiite Muslims (Iran, some in Iraq & Lebanon)
• Most Muslims followed Muawiya as caliph → Sunni Muslims (90% of all Muslims)
• Sufi – dissatisfied w/ the worldliness of Muawiya & the Umayyad Dynasty, they focused on prayer, meditation, fasting & religious writing
![Page 26: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Umayyad Caliphate(661 – 750)
• Stressed political rather than religious (ruled more like kings than caliphs)
• Arabic official language• Minted Arabic currency, built roads &
established postal routes• Jews & Christians were tolerated as people of
the book, but paid a tax• Shiite areas were discontent
![Page 28: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Abbasid Caliphate(750 – 1258)
• Anti-Umayyad Arabs joined non-Arab muslims to overthrow the dynasty & new caliph, Abu al-Abbas (descendant of Muhammad’s uncle)
• Baghdad became the capital of the empire• More social equality → Persians dominated the
bureaucracy, Turks dominated the army & Arabs controlled religion
• However, many lands on the outskirts began to break free from the Abbasid Empire
![Page 29: Out of the sands of the Arabian Desert have come many wonderful things …](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56815f68550346895dce6ae5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)