OUR SOLAR SYSTEM Grade 6 By Lauren Rickman. TENNESSEE SCIENCE STANDARDS Grade Level Expectations GLE...
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Transcript of OUR SOLAR SYSTEM Grade 6 By Lauren Rickman. TENNESSEE SCIENCE STANDARDS Grade Level Expectations GLE...
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
Grade 6By Lauren Rickman
TENNESSEE SCIENCE STANDARDS
• Grade Level Expectations GLE 0607.6.1 Analyze information about the major components of the universe. GLE 0607.6.2 Describe the relative distance of objects in the solar system from earth.
State Performance Indicators
• SPI 0607.6.1 Use data to draw conclusions about the major components of the universe. • SPI 0607.6.2 Explain how the relative distance of objects from the earth affects how they appear.
Checks for Understanding
• 90607.6.1 Use data to draw conclusions about the major components of the universe. • 90607.6.2 Construct a model of the solar system showing accurate positional relationships and relative distances.
Guiding Questions
• Conceptual Strand 6 The cosmos is vast and explored well enough to
know its basic structure and operational principles.
• Guiding Question 6 What big ideas guide human understanding
about the origin and structure of the universe, Earth’s place in the cosmos, and observable
Plan for this Lesson
• Begin by asking students open ended questions about the solar system to find out what the know
• Work with the students on their conceptions and misconceptions about our solar system
• Learn about and research the Milky Way and the planets
• Two projects: one class project and one group project
What is the solar system?
• The solar system is the system of planets and other objects orbiting the star Sol, which happens to be our Sun.
• Our solar system is located in the Milky Way galaxy. The word ‘galaxy’ is Greek for Milky Way.
Common Misconceptions about the Solar System
• The Earth is larger than the sun• The Earth is the center of the Solar System.• The solar system is extremely crowded • Planets are close together • The sun goes around the earth • The sun is on fire or burning• The planets are basically the same size• Time passes the same on each planet http://www.scienceboom.com/wp-content/uploads/pages/101_misconceptions.pdfhttp://scc.losrios.edu/~sah/physics/44Miscon.htm
What makes a planet a planet?
• The IAU, International Astronomical Union, defines a planet as:
A celestial body that orbits the sun, has sufficient mass for its gravity to overcome rigid forces so that it assumes a nearly round shape, and has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jlm/epo/planet/planet.html
Vocabulary
• Planet comes from the Greek word for wanderer
• Solar System• Milky Way • Galaxy• Revolution• Rotation• Astronomical Unit
Can you name all the Planets?
• Mercury• Venus• Earth• Mars• Jupiter• Saturn• Uranus• Neptune
Remembering all the Planets
Remembering all of the planets can be difficult. There are some special things you can do to help remember them.
You can use a mnemonic device such as My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Nachos
You can even use songs such as the Animanics Planet song to remember
The Planet Song
The Sun• The sun is the center of the Milky Way• It makes up 99.86% of our solar system’s
mass• It is 74% hydrogen, 24% helium and the rest
is made up of oxygen, carbon, iron, and neon
• 1,000,000,000 Earths can fit in the sun – it is enormous!
• The sun’s surface is 9941 degrees F• Light from the sun reaches the earth in
about 8 minutes• The planets revolve around the sunhttp://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/space/sun.html
Mercury • Mercury is the planet closest to the sun• Mercury is the second smallest planet in
the solar system• It is bigger than Earth’s moon• Surface: rocks, craters, and dust • Temperatures range from 800 degrees
to – 279 degrees.• No atmosphere to retain heat so it can
get super cold• 1 mercury day = 58.6 Earth dayshttp://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/mercury-article/
Venus • The hottest planet in our solar
system! • Temperature on surface is approx.
932 degrees• Made up of mainly Carbon Dioxide• Almost same size as earth• Cannot support human life• No water is found on this planet• 1 day in Venus = 1 Earth yearhttp://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets/venus.html
Earth• Third rock from the sun• 30% of earth is covered in land, 70% in
water• The atmosphere and environment are
ideal for sustaining human life• Earth has only one moon• The Earth isn't perfectly round, it is
slightly flattened at the north and south poles.
• Scientists have the dated the Earth as being between 4 and 5 billion years old
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/earth.html
Mars• Nicknamed the Red Planet because it is
covered with rust-like dust• Has a very weak gravity • Little atmosphere to hold in heat so
planet is very cold. Temps range from 77 degrees in the summer to -184 degrees in the winter
• Mars experiences different seasons like Earth
• Largest space volcano, Olympus Mono, is located here
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets/mars.html
Jupiter • The largest planet in our solar
system• 1,300 Earth can fit inside Jupiter• It is made up 100% of gas• Has a very strong gravity, you
would weigh 2 ½ times more on Jupiter
• Has very thin rings• Jupiter has many moons http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets/jupiter.html
Saturn• 2nd largest planet• Has small rocky core covered with
liquid gas• Saturn is twice as far from the sun as
Jupiter• It has many rings that are made of ice
crystals, some as big as houses• Has a high magnetic field which traps
energy particles resulting in high levels of radiation
• Has many moons, like Jupiterhttp://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets/saturn.html
Uranus • Has a blue/green haze due to high
levels of methane gas• Methane absorbs red light and scatters
blue light• This planet rotates on its side, it rolls
like a barrel• scientists guess that under the
hydrogen-methane atmosphere is a hot, slushy ocean of water, ammonia and methane thousands of miles deep wrapped around a rocky core.
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets/uranus.html
Neptune • Boasts the most violent weather in
the solar system• Storms with freezing winds that
blow about ten times faster than hurricanes on Earth
• Four times the size of Earth • a large, water planet with a blue
hydrogen-methane atmosphere and faint rings.
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets/neptune.html
Pluto: Dwarf PlanetIn 2006 Pluto was demoted to the status of dwarf
planet.Pluto consists of rock with a very thick coating of
ice.The atmosphere consists of nitrogen with some
carbon monoxide and methane.Because it is so far away from the sun it is very
cold. Temps range form -391 Degrees Celsius to -346 Degrees Celsius.
http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/planets/pluto.html
The Sun goes around the Earth(Misconception #1)
• The sun is the center of our solar system• All of the planets in our solar system revolve
around the Sun• When something is moving in a circle around
another object, such as the way the Moon Circles the Earth, it is said to revolve around that object.
Time Passes the Same on Each Planet(Misconception #2)
• Earth has a 24 hour day. This is determined by how long it takes the Earth to rotate on its axis.
• When an object spins it is said to be rotating.• Each planet spins at a different rate, therefore
the number of hours in 1 day varies.
The Planets are close together(Misconception #3)
• Our solar system is vast and the planets are far away one another
• This can be measured in miles (distance) or time.• An astronomical unit is a measure of 1 Earth year. • The AU is determined by how long it takes each
planet to revolve around the Sun. • Example: Mercury rotates around the sun 0.39 AU
which is roughly 87.96 Earth days.
PLANET Distance from Sun Period of Revolution
Period of Rotation
Diameter Moons
Mercury 0.39 AU, 36 million miles
87.96 Earth days 58.7 days 3,031 miles 0
Venus 0.723 AU67.2 mm
224.68 Earth days 243 days 7,521 miles 0
Earth 1 AU93 mm
365.26 days 24 hours 7,926 miles 1
Mars 1.524 AU141.6 mm
686.98 Earth days 1.026 days 4,222 miles 2
Jupiter 5.203 AU483.6 mm
11.862 years 9.84 hours 88,729 miles 67
Saturn 9.539 AU886.7 mm
29.456 years 10.2 hours 74,600 miles 62
Uranus 19.18 AU1,784.0 mm
84.07 years 17.9 hours 32,600 miles 27
Neptune 30.06 AU2,794.4 mm
164.81 years 19.1 hours 30,200 miles 13
Pluto 39.53 AU3,674.5 mm
247.7 years 6.39 days 1,413 miles 4
HELPFUL RESOURCES
Brain Pophttp://www.brainpop.com/science/space/
NASAhttp://spaceplace.nasa.gov/menu/solar-system/
Documentaries:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDXrdQbsikA
Solar System Songs:The Planetshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8eFFnJsCjs&feature=relatedSolar System Songhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GH61v4_eVNAInterplanet Janethttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmYVWJ82dQQ
Class Project
• Create a replica of the solar system• Each group assigned a planet will make that
planet out of whatever material they chose (as long as it isn’t perishable)
• We will work collectively as a class to convert the millions of miles from the sun to inches or cm from the sun so it will fit in the classroom.
Planetary News 9
• The students will be separated into groups of 3-4 and assigned a planet. They will be allowed lab time to research their planets via library or internet searches. Plenty of class time will be devoted to group discussions. After their research, the students will make their own ‘local’ news program about their planet. The students should include a weather report, on the scene, breaking news, time, etc.
• Planets will be chosen via a random drawing• The news can either be filmed or presented orally in
class
Connection to Math
• Converting Miles to Inches:5,280 ft/1 mile x 12 inches/ 1 ftConverting Miles to Centimeters: 5,280 ft/1 mile x 12 inches/ 1ft x 2.54 cm/1 inch*This would be A LOT of inches so we will say
that 36 million miles = 36 miles. For example, Mercury would be 2,280,960 inches, but we will say 1 million = 1 inch. *
Sources Used
• http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/
• http://www.kidsastronomy.com/dictionary.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_unit• http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-sy
stem/• http://www.nasa.gov
Time Line for Lesson• Week One:Monday – Intro to Cosmos What do the students know about the solar system? Vocabulary words givenHW – define vocabulary words Tuesday – Discussion on Milky Way/GalaxyDiscuss the Milky way and what is out thereIntroduction to the sun HW – study vocabulary words Wednesday – Discussion of planetsAssigning of groups for the Group ProjectQUIZ: vocabulary words Begin Planetary discussion on terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earths, and MarsHW – current event on spaceThursday – Continue planetary discussion Continue Planetary discussion on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.QUIZ: name planets in order and create a mnemonic device to remember them HW – study for test FridayFriday – Groups/Test Day Groups will meet to discuss their upcoming assignmentBegin working on Class Project as wellHW – begin preparations for group projects
Time Line for Lesson• Week Two:Monday – Group DiscussionThis class period will be spent meeting with groups and discussing what is expected from
the group assignment. Tuesday – Lab DayThis class period will be spent researching for group projects and meeting together.
Students may use library or internet materials to research.Prepare to do the class project on WednesdayWednesday – Class Project Collectively, we will put together our vast solar system to be displayed in the classroomThursday – group projectsStudents will continue to work on their projects. HW- projects due Friday Friday – PROJECT DAY!!!!