Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects...

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Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15)

Transcript of Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects...

Page 1: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Our Solar System & Exoplanets(Chapter 15)

Page 2: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Student Learning Objectives

• Identify and locate objects in our solar system

• Describe planet

formation processes

• Explain how exoplanets are found.

Page 3: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.
Page 4: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

What are the main characteristics of our solar system?

All of the objects in our solar system formed at about the same time.

 4.5 Billion Years Ago

Objects in our solar system revolve and rotate counterclockwise as viewed from above

Venus rotates backwards

Uranus rotates on its side

Page 5: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Our Solar System

Our solar system has one star, the Sun.

Planets orbit the Sun. Moons orbit the planets.Dwarf planets orbit the Sun.Asteroids and Comets orbit the Sun.

Page 6: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Practice

1) How many stars are within our solar system?

2) How many moons do you think there are in our solar system?

3) List the planets in order from the Sun outward.

Page 7: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

What is the process of planet formation?

Planets form in a disk of rotating gas and dust surrounding a forming star.

Solar Nebula Theory

Condensation

Accretion

Planetesimals

Proto-planets

Planets

Page 8: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Two Zones develop during the condensation phase.

Near & Far from SunMetals

IronSilicates

Far from Sun

Ices

WaterMethaneAmmonia

Page 9: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.
Page 10: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.
Page 11: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

OriginalCloud

SpinsFasterAs It

Contracts

FlattenedDiskOf

Planets

Page 12: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.
Page 13: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

2nd Stage Planet Formation

Migration

Differentiation

Atmosphere

Clearing of the Nebula

Bombardment

Page 14: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Atmosphere & Leftovers

Atmospheres form on some solid planets.

Outgassing/VolcanismGravityComet Impacts

Large planets capture atmosphere.

Leftover planetesimals become moons, asteroids, & comets.

Phobos

Page 15: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Practice

1) Why is the motion of objects in our solar system relatively uniform?

2) What determines the two zones?

3) What two factors determine whether a planet has an atmosphere?

4) Why does Earth have an abundance of oxygen?

Page 16: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

How do astronomers search for extra-solar planets?

Gravity

Eclipses

Microlensing

Direct Imaging

http://kepler.nasa.gov/

http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ (number of exoplanets)

Page 17: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.
Page 18: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Gravitational Wobble

Gravity causes a star to wobble.The wobble causes a Doppler Effect.

Page 19: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Transits

Transits cause some starlight to be eclipsed.

http://kepler.nasa.gov/Mission/discoveries/

Page 20: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.
Page 21: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Microlensing

Light follows the curvature of space.

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Page 23: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Direct ImagingSpace telescopes "see" planets

Page 24: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Gemini Planet Imager

Beta Pictoris b is a giant planet – several times larger than Jupiter – and is approximately ten million years old. (January 2014)

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Direct Image

of an Exo-planet 155 LY Away

by David Dickinson May 14, 2014

Page 26: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

1st Habitable Zone planet observed (2010)

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Question: What is the Habitable Zone?

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Kepler 11

Page 29: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

NASA's

Kepler Mission Discovers a World Orbiting

2 Stars

(September 2011)

Kepler 16

Page 30: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.
Page 31: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

NASA's Kepler TelescopeDiscovers First Earth-Size Planet in Habitable Zone

(April 2014)

Page 32: Our Solar System & Exoplanets (Chapter 15). Student Learning Objectives Identify and locate objects in our solar system Describe planet formation processes.

Practice

Astronomers are searching for planets around stars like our Sun.

Why?