our psych
Transcript of our psych
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The Amygdala
By: Alinka, Harel, Vjosa
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General Information; Location
General Location 1-inch-long structure Group nuclei situated
beneath the cortex Beneath the surface of
the temporal lobe on the tip of the long
hippocampus cord Few inches from the ear
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Parts of Amygdala
Basolateral Amygdala
Central Amygdala
Ventral Amygdala
Dorsal Amygdala
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General Information; Function• Feelings of lust,
curiosity, fear• Part in storage of
emotional memories▫ Processes & assigns
emotional "value" to received sensory input
▫ Through connection with the hypothalamus, it appears to have some mediating effect on the "fight-or-flight”
▫ Response that occurs when an individual is confronted with a dangerous situation
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Study #1• Aim: Determine the volume in the
amygdala in a series of brains post-mortems
• Procedure: ▫Amygdala volume was estimated
using point-counting in both hemispheres of brains of 10 male and 8 female patients with schizophrenia
▫Had a comparison group of 9 male and 9 female post-mortems without neuropsychiatric disorder
• Results: No significant reduction of amygdala found
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Study #2
• Aim: Examine neural activity in amygdala during episodes of mania.
• Procedure: ▫ 9 manic participants & 9 healthy comparison
subjects underwent fMRI while performing a neuropsychological paradigm
▫ Experimental Task: participants look at faces displaying affection
▫ Control task: geometric forms▫ Goal: Match them to one of two similar images
presented at same time
• Results: Manic participants had significantly increased activation in the left amygdala and reduced bilateral activation in the lateral orbit frontal cortex relative to the comparison participants.
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Study #3
• Aim: Investigate what happens in the amygdala during and after phobia treatment
• Procedure: ▫ Examined brain activity of 18 people with social
phobia as they spoke in front of a group using PET scans
▫ 1/3 of the participants received 9 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy
▫ 1/3 received Citalopram and 1/3 received no treatment.
▫ Participants were tested again, using the same public speaking task, at 9 weeks and again after one year.
• Results: Activation in the amygdala and related cortical areas at 9 weeks could predict which people's symptoms would improve after one year
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Dysfunction •Anxiety•Autism •Depression•Post-traumatic stress disorder•Phobias•Temporal lobe epilepsy the brain •Inability to recognize facial expressions•Memory•Mood•Other psychiatric disorders
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Causes of Disfunction
•Damage by injury•Developmental problems•Neurotransmitter imbalance
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Sources• ("Brain." Reviewed by Robert L. Knobler. Encyclopedia Americana. 2010. Grolier
Online. 31 Mar. 2010 <http://ea.grolier.com/article?id=0058500-00>.• http://www.anxietyandstress.com/specificphobias.html• http://biopsychiatry.com/amygdala.htm• http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/amygdala.htm• http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd9.html• http://annarivermount.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/citalopram.jpg• http://www.capersonalinjurycaselawnotes.com/uploads/image/PET%20scan.jpg• http://images.learningresources.com/images/products/en_us/detail/prod0912_dt.jpg• http://www.fz-juelich.de/inm/datapool/Antomicalimaging/04.jpg• http://www.liminalmusic.org/files/amygdala1.gif• http://www.efeld.com/fmscience/images/amygdala%20circuits.gif