our km presentation

8/7/2019 our km presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/our-km-presentation 1/21

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Done By:SOURAV NAG

ANKITA SINHA

SOWBHAGYASURAJIT KUNDU



TOPIC TO BE COVERED

Introduction

Concept

Data Information Knowledge

Cycle of knowledge

Types of knowledge

Benefits of knowledge



What is knowledge management?

At Knowledge Praxis, knowledge management isdefined as a business activity with two primaryaspects: Treating the knowledge component of business

activities as an explicit concern of business reflected instrategy, policy, and practice at all levels of the

organization. Making a direct connection between an organizations

intellectual assets both explicit [recorded] and tacit[personal know-how] and positive business results.



Business strategies related to knowledge management

Change management

Best practices

Risk management

Benchmarking

A significant element of the business community also views

knowledge management as a natural extension of "business processreengineering," a fact underscored by the recent announcement thaJohn Wileys Business Change and Reengineering will becomeKnowledge and Process Management in March, 1997. See(http://www.mgmt.utoronto.ca/~wensle/journal1.htm)

There is a common thread among these and many other recentbusiness strategies: A recognition that information and knowledge

are corporate assets, and that businesses need strategies, policies,and tools to manage those assets.



The need to manage knowledge seems obvious, and

discussions of intellectual capital have proliferated, but few

businesses have acted on that understanding. Wherecompanies have take action and a growing number aredoing so implementations of "knowledge management"may range from technology-driven methods of accessing,

controlling, and delivering information to massive efforts to

change corporate culture.

Opinions about the paths, methods, and even the objectivesof knowledge management abound. Some efforts focus on

enhancing creativity creating new knowledge value while other programs emphasize leveraging existingknowledge. (See below, "Categorization of knowledgemanagement approaches."



What is "knowledge"?

Arent we managing knowledge already? Well, no. In fact, most of the

time were making a really ugly mess of managing information. In

practice, the terms information and knowledge are often usedinterchangeably by business writers

Why we need knowledge management now

Why do we need to manage knowledge? Ann Macintosh of theArtificial Intelligence Applications Institute (University of Edinburgh)

has written a "Position Paper on Knowledge Asset Management" that

identifies some of the specific business factors, including:

Marketplaces are increasingly competitive and the rate of

innovation is rising. Reductions in staffing create a need to replace informal knowledge

with formal methods.

Competitive pressures reduce the size of the work force that holds

valuable business knowledge.

in a specific area.



The amount of time available to experience andacquire knowledge has diminished.

Early retirements and increasing mobility of thework force lead to loss of knowledge.

There is a need to manage increasing complexityas small operating companies are trans-nationalsourcing operations.

Changes in strategic direction may result in theloss of knowledge



Roadblocks to adoption of knowledge management solutions

Knowledge work is fundamentally different in character fromphysical labor. The knowledge worker is almost completely immersed in a computing

environment. This new reality dramatically alters the methods by whichwe must manage, learn, represent knowledge, interact, solve problems,and act.

C ategorization of knowledge management approac hes

Management of Information. To researchers in this track,

according to Sveiby, " knowledge = Objects that can beidentified and handled in information systems."

Management of People. For researchers and practitioners in thisfield, knowledge consists of " processes, a complex set of dynamic skills, know-how, etc., that is constantly changing.



CYCLE OF KNOWLEDGE



CYCLE OF KNOWLEDGE

1st stapes: Find/create, organize, share, anduse/reuse. Under find/create, especially as itoperates in a transportation organization,

2ed & 3ed: Organize and share functions in aspecific community of people having a commoninterest, many experts recommend a knowledge

manager. 4th: Use/reuse, involves both informal contacts

and access to reports, good practices, successstories, and other forms of communication,



Types of Knowledge

Knowledge can be divided into several types

Commonsense as a knowledge

Procedural knowledge Declarative knowledge

Semantic knowledge

Episodic knowledge Tacit knowledge

Explicit knowledge



Commonsense knowledge

commonsense knowledge is the collection of facts and information that an ordinary person isexpected to know

It is a collection of personal experiences andfacts acquired over time

E.g. If someone ask you to look up Shakespeare's

phone number you would know that such a taskis impossible commonsense tells you thatShakespeare is dead & that the telephone wasnot invented until yrs after his death



Procedural knowledge

It is an understanding of how to do a task

Procedural knowledge is related to the procedure to carry

an action out.

Procedural knowledge is instruction-oriented. It focuses onhow to obtain a result

E.g. learning to play a musical instrument

Research by cognitive psychologist demonstrated thatprocedural knowledge can be acquired by non-conscious

processing of information



Declarative knowledge

Declarative knowledge is information that experts can easilydiscuss

Declarative knowledge is knowing THAT .That means its a

factual knowledge

E.g. that Washington D.C is capital of AmericaE.g. A cathode ray tube is used to project picture in most of

television is a declarative knowledge

Declarative knowledge is the possession of information that iseither true or false



Semantic knowledge &

Episodic knowledge Semantic knowledge is deeper kind of knowledge suchknowledge may have been there use for years and may havebeen used so oftenSemantic knowledge includes major

concepts,vocabulary,relationshipE.g. knowing that 1st month of yr is April(alphabetically) butJanuary (chronologically)

Episodic knowledge is a memory of autobiographicalevents

E.g. time, place associated emotion i.e a mental state thatarise spontaneously rather than through conscious effort.



Tacit knowledge

Tacit is a adjective which means implied or conveyedwithout words

Tacit knowledge is knowledge that is difficult to be

transferred to another person by means of writing down orverbalizing it.

The tacit aspects of knowledge are those that cannot be

codified, but can only be transmitted via training or gained

through personal experience.



Tacit Knowledge

T acit Knowledge Tacit knowledge in an organization ensures task

effectiveness. It also provides for a kind of creative

vitality intuition and spontaneous insight can oftentackle tough problems that would otherwise bedifficult to solve.

Traditionally the transfer of Tacit knowledge isthrough shared experience, through apprenticeship

and job training. Tacit knowledge is cultivated in an organizational

culture that motivates through shared vision andcommon purpose.



Explicit knowledge

Ex plicit knowledge is knowledge t hat has been or canbe articulated , codified, and stored in certain media

It can be readily transmitted to others. The informationcontained in encyclopaedias (including Wikipedia) are good

examples of explicit knowledge.

Can be articulated into formal language, including

grammatical statements (words and numbers), mathematicalexpressions, specifications, manuals, etc.

It can easily be processed by a computer, transmitted

electronically, or stored in databases.



Explicit Knowledge

Ex plicit knowledge is used in t he design of routines, standard operation procedures, and t he structure of data records.T hese

forms of knowledge can be found in any organization.

It allows an organization to enjoy a certain level of operational

efficienc y and control.

Ex plicit knowledge promotes equable, consistent organizational

responses.

An organization must adopt a holistic approach to knowledgemanagement that successfully combines Tacit and Explicit

knowledge at all levels of the organization. Personal knowledge isleveraged with Explicit knowledge for the design and development

of innovative products, services and processes.



Knowledge Management Benefits -

An Overview

Whenever you decide on investing in a new strategy,program, process, or project, you need to make sure that itis really worth investing and value-adding.

You also need to analyze the cost-benefits of such an

investment and the return or value that you get out of thatinvestment.

These are some issues that need to be considered beforegoing in for knowledge management initiatives.

Today's increasingly difficult economic times pose the need

for cost-effective initiatives such as knowledgemanagement programs and practices.

Organization heads always need a clear understanding of the bottom line Knowledge management benefits beforethey invest in such initiatives.



Knowledge Management Benefits -

An Overview The Knowledge management benefits can be categorized into three which

include:

knowledge benefits

intermediate benefits

organizational benefits

A typical example would be of an organization such as a manufacturing firm oran academic institution or a government agency which has numerous physicalfiles.

Categorization and segregation into working databases allows the employees

who need specific information to access the databases more efficiently throughword or category searches instead of having to sift through so many folders.

Updating of these databases will also result in having the most recent andrelevant information and knowledge stored and easily accessible by anyemployee who may need any specific information.

The category of organizational benefits includes better/faster innovation,improved customer service, reduced knowledge loss, and increasedproductivity/better performance

our km presentation

Documents

Transcript of our km presentation