Our commitment to our customers - Canadian Seed Trade...

Our commitment to our customers

As a key player in Canada’s food and agriculture industry, we are keenly aware of the trust placed in us to provide qualityproduct that will contribute to the successes of our customers.

It is our commitment to continue earning that trust every day,by pursuing excellence in all we do – be it our approach tosafety and quality assurance, the environment, innovation or service to our customers.

We want to work with our customers to understand your needs and respond with products and service that exceed your expectations.

Table of Contents

Part I: Seed Industry Overview 2

1. Species, Kinds or Types of Crops Subject to Variety Registration 22. Number of Varieties Registered by Crop Kind, 2014 53. Crop Kinds or Species Subject to Canada’s Seed Certification System 74. Acres in Pedigreed Seed Production in Canada 2014 Inspected Acreage 105. Number of Seed Growers in Canada 12

Part II: The Seed Sector’s Contribution to the Canadian Economy 13

1. Canadian Seed Sector by the Numbers 132. Private Sector Investment 133. Private Sector Investment in Plant Breeding and Research by Crop, 2012 144. Private Sector Investment, Plant Breeding and Research 145. Private Sector Employment Associated with Plant Breeding and Research, 2007 vs. 2012 156. Value of Seed Purchases by Canadian Farmers, 2009 – 2013 157. Use of Certified Seed for Selected Crop Types 16

Part III: International Trade of Seed 17

1. Trade in Seed: July-June Crop Year 172. Seed Exports: July-June Crop Year 173. Seed Exports: July-June Crop Year (detailed) 184. Top 10 Crops Exported (by value) for 2014 215. Total Seed Imports to Canada 216. Seed Imports: July-June Crop Year (detailed) 227. Top 10 Crops Imported (by value) for 2014 26

Part IV: International Seed Statistics 27

1. Exports of Seed for Sowing by Country (2012) (over $ US 100 million) 272. Imports of Seed for Sowing by Country (2012) (over $ US 100 million) 27

Part V: Useful Links 28

1. Government 282. International 283. Seed Sector Partners 284. National Value Chain Partners 285. Programs 28

Part VI: About the Canadian Seed Trade Association 29

1. What is the CSTA? 292. Mission Statement 293. Core Values 29

Species, Kind or Type Scientific Name

PART I

Barley, six-row, two-row Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgareBean, faba (small-seeded) Vicia faba L.Bean, field Phaseolus vulgaris L.Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchCanola, oilseed rape, rapeseed Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) A.R. Clapham or B. napus L. var. napus (= B. napus L. var. oleifera Delile) or B. juncea (L.) Czern.Flax (oilseed) Linum usitatissimum L.Lentil (grain type) Lens culinaris Medik.Mustard, brown, oriental, Indian Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.Mustard, white (= yellow) Sinapis alba L.Oat (grain type) Avena sativa L., A. nuda L.Pea, field (commodity type) Pisum sativum L.Rye (grain type) Secale cereale L.Tobacco (flue-cured) Nicotiana tabacum L.Triticale (grain type) × Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. CamusWheat, common Triticum aestivum L.Wheat, durum Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. (= T. durum Desf.)Wheat, spelt Triticum aestivum L. subsp. spelta (L.) ell. (= T. spelta L.)

“Canada’s fertile soil and various climatic zones enable seed producers to grow more than 50 different crops.”

Seed Sector Value Chain Round Table, 2014

Table 1 – Species, Kinds or Types of Crops Subject to Variety Registration(Source: Seeds Regulations, Schedule III)

2 Part I: Seed Industry Overview


PART II

Safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. PART III

Alfalfa (forage type) Medicago sativa L.Bird’s foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus L.Bromegrass, meadow Bromus riparius RehmannBromegrass, smooth Bromus inermis Leyss.Canarygrass, annual Phalaris canariensis L.Canarygrass, reed Phalaris arundinacea L.Clover, alsike Trifolium hybridum L.Clover, red Trifolium pratense L.Clover, sweet (white blossom) Melilotus albus Medik.Clover, sweet (yellow blossom) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.Clover, white Trifolium repens L.Fescue, meadow (forage type) Festuca pratensis Huds.Fescue, red (forage type) Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubraFescue, tall (forage type) Festuca arundinacea Schreb.Lupin, lupine (grain and forage types) Lupinus spp.Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata L.Potato (commercial production) Solanum tuberosum L.Ryegrass, annual (forage type) Lolium multiflorum Lam.Ryegrass, perennial (forage type) Lolium perenne L.Soybean (oilseed) Glycine max (L.) Merr.Sunflower (non-ornamental) Helianthus annuus L.Timothy, common (forage type) Phleum pratense L.Wheatgrass, beardless Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve (= Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & J. G. Smith f. inerme (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Beetle)

3Part I: Seed Industry Overview


Wheatgrass, crested Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. or A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.Wheatgrass, intermediate Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia (= Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.)Wheatgrass, northern Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould subsp. lanceolatus (= Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn.)Wheatgrass, pubescent Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia (= Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richter)Wheatgrass, Siberian Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy subsp. sibiricum (Willd.) Melderis (= Agropyron sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv.)Wheatgrass, slender Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners (= Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H.F. Lewis)Wheatgrass, streambank Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould subsp. lanceolatus (= Agropyron riparium Scribn. & Smith)Wheatgrass, tall Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski (= Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv.)Wheatgrass, Western Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve (= Agropyron smithii Rydb.)Wildrye, Altai Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilg. (= Elymus angustus Trin.)Wildrye, Dahurian Elymus dahuricus Turcz ex Griseb.Wildrye, Russian Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (= Elymus junceus Fisch.)


Alfalfa 253SyntheticHybrid

Barley 264Six-row SpringForage Type Six-Row SpringHulless Six-Row SpringTwo-Row SpringForage Type Two-Row SpringHulless Two-Row SpringHulless Two-Row Waxy Spring Winter

Bean, Faba 13

Beans, Field 169Black TypeCranberry TypeGreat Northern TypeManteca TypePea (Navy) TypePink TypePinto TypeRed Kidney TypeRed Mexican TypeWhite Kidney TypeYellow TypeYellow Eye Type

Bromegrass, Meadow 7Bromegrass, Smooth 14Buckwheat 8

Canarygrass 7Canarygrass, Reed 6Clover, Alsike 4Clover, Red 41Single cutDouble cut

Clover, White 14Low-growingTall-growing

Clover, Sweet, Yellow Blossom 2Fescue, Meadow 7Fescue, Red 1Fescue, Tall 24Flax, Oilseed 31Lentil 57Lupin, Field 3

Mustard 16Sinapis alba L. (= Brassica hirta) white/yellow Brassica juncea L. a) Oriental (yellow)b) Indian (brown)

Oat 131HullessSpring

Orchardgrass 49


Table 2 – Number of Varieties Registered by Crop Kind, 2014(Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, List of Varieties which are Registered in Canada,December 31, 2014)

Crop Kind and Crop Kind andNumber of Registered Varieties Number of Registered Varieties

Field Peas 122Springa) Yellowb) GreenWintera) Green

Potato 258

Rape – Colza (Canola) 376Brassica napus L.a) Springb) Spring Hybridc) Winter Typed) Winter Hybrid TypeBrassica rapa L.a) SpringBrassica juncea – Canola qualitya) Springb) Spring Hybrid

Rapeseed, Spring 6Brassica napusSpring Hybrid

Rye 12SpringWinter

Ryegrass, Annual 20Ryegrass, Perennial 20Safflower 2Soybean, Oilseed 1022

Sunflower 80Hybrida) Oilseed

b) Non-oilseedOpen-pollinated

Timothy 58

Tobacco, Flue-cured 14a) Flue-curedb) Hybrid flue-cured

Trefoil, Bird’s foot 11

Triticale 22SpringWinter

Wheat 345SpringWinterSpring SpeltWinter Spelt

Wheat, Durum 28Wheatgrass, Beardless 1

Wheatgrass, Crested 7DiploidTetraploid

Wheatgrass, Intermediate 2Wheatgrass, Northern 1Wheatgrass, Pubescent 1Wheatgrass, Slender 2Wheatgrass, Steambank 1Wheatgrass, Tall 1Wheatgrass, Western 1Wildrye, Altai 3Wildrye, Dahurian 2Wildrye, Russian 4


Crop Kind and Crop Kind andNumber of Registered Varieties Number of Registered Varieties

Alfalfa Medicago sativa L.Alkaligrass, weeping Puccinellia distans (L.) (Jacq.) Parl.Barley, six-row, two-row Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgareBean, field Phaseolus vulgaris L.Bean, horse, tick and faba Vicia faba L.Bean, mung Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek var. radiataBromegrass, meadow Bromus riparius RehmannBromegrass, smooth Bromus inermis Leyss.Bromegrass, sweet Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn.Buckwheat, common Fagopyrum esculentum MoenchBuckwheat, tartarian Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.Canarygrass Phalaris canariensis L.Canarygrass, reed Phalaris arundinacea L.Canola, oilseed rape, rapeseed Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) A.R. Clapham or B. napus L. var. napus (= B. napus L. var. oleifera Delile) or B. juncea (L.) Czern.Chickpea Cicer arietinum L.Clover, alsike Trifolium hybridum L.Clover, crimson Trifolium incarnatum L.Clover, Persian Trifolium resupinatum L.Clover, red Trifolium pratense L.Clover, subterranean Trifolium subterraneum L.Clover, sweet (white blossom) Melilotus albus Medik.Clover, sweet (yellow blossom) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.Clover, white Trifolium repens L.Corn, field Zea mays L. subsp. maysCowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers subsp. unguiculataFescue, Chewing’s Festuca rubra L. subsp. fallax (uill.) Nyman (= F. rubra L. var. commutata Gaudin)Fescue, fine-leaved Festuca filiformis Pourr. (= F. tenuifolia Sibth.)Fescue, hard Festuca brevipila R. Tracey (= F. longifolia auct. pl.)Fescue, meadow Festuca pratensis Huds.Fescue, red and creeping red Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra


Table 3 – Crop Kinds or Species Subject to Canada’s Seed Certification System(Source: Seeds Regulations, Schedule II)

Kind or Species Scientific Name



Fescue, sheep Festuca ovina L.Fescue, tall Festuca arundinacea Schreb.Flax, oilseed Linum usitatissimum L.Foxtail, creeping Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.Foxtail, meadow Alopecurus pratensis L.Kale, forage Brassica oleracea L. var. sabellica L. or B. oleracea L.var. viridisLentil Lens culinaris Medik.Lupin, lupine (grain & forage types) Lupinus spp.Medick, black Medicago lupulina L.Milk-vetch, cicer Astralagus cicer L.Mustard, black Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. KochMustard, brown, oriental, Indian Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.Mustard, white (= yellow) Sinapis alba L.Oat Avena sativa L., A. nuda L.Oatgrass, tall Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. PreslOrchardgrass Dactylis glomerata L.Pea, field Pisum sativum L.Peanut Arachis hypogaea L.Redtop Agrostis gigantea RothRye Secale cereale L.Ryegrass, annual Lolium multiflorum Lam.Ryegrass, intermediate Lolium × hybridum Hausskn.Ryegrass, perennial Lolium perenne L.Sainfoin Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) MoenchSoybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.Sudan grass Sorghum × drummondi (Steud.) Millsp. & Chase (= S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf )Sunflower (non-ornamental) Helianthus annuus L.Timothy, common Phleum pratense L.Timothy, dwarf Phleum bertolonii DC.Tobacco (flue-cured and burley types) Nicotiana tabacum L.Trefoil, Bird’s foot Lotus corniculatus L.Triticale × Triticosecale spp.


Vetch, crown Securigera varia (L.) Lassen (= Coronilla varia L.)Wheat, common Triticum aestivum L.Wheat, durum Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. (= T. durum Desf.)Wheatgrass, beardless Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Á. Löve (= Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & J. G. Smith f. inerme (Scribn. & J.G. Smith) Beetle)Wheatgrass, crested Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. or A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult.Wheatgrass, intermediate Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia (= Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.)Wheatgrass, northern Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould subsp. lanceolatus (= Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn.)Wheatgrass, pubescent Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. intermedia (= Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richter)Wheatgrass, Siberian Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy subsp. sibiricum (Willd.) Melderis (= A. sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv.)Wheatgrass, slender Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners (= Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex H.F. Lewis)Wheatgrass, streambank Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould subsp. lanceolatus (= Agropyron riparium Scribn. & Smith)Wheatgrass, tall Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski (= Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv.)Wheatgrass, Western Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve (= Agropyron smithii Rydb.)Wildrye, Altai Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilg. (= Elymus angustus Trin.)Wildrye, Dahurian Elymus dahuricus Turcz ex Griseb.Wildrye, Russian Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (= Elymus junceus Fisch.)



Table 4 – Acreage in Pedigreed Seed Production in Canada 2014 Inspected Acreage(Source: Canadian Seed Growers’ Association, 2014)

4(a) East and Central Canada (acres)

Nova New Crop Kind PEI Scotia Brunswick Quebec Ontario

Alfalfa Barley 443 1,912 10,545 4,303Bean 3,038Bird’s foot Trefoil Bromegrass Buckwheat 2 92 107Canarygrass Chickpea Clover Hybrid Corn 19,161Faba Bean Fescue Flax 47 Hemp 65 61Hybrid Canola Lentil Mustard Oats 137 8 3,366 13,486 4,108Peas 429 Rape 238.56Rye 145 207Ryegrass Soybeans 900 421 55,246 129,258Timothy Triticale 67 83Wheat 644 80 316 14,474 24,220Wheatgrass Minor Crops 141

TOTAL 2,126 88 6,015 94,596 184,924

Crop Kind Manitoba Sask. Alberta B.C. International 2014

Alfalfa 13,089 15,628 27,602 56,319Barley 7,405 23,732 43,555 418 92,313Bean 634 340 20 4,032Bird’s foot Trefoil 3,685 225 3,910Bromegrass 665 1,202 3,315 190 5,372Buckwheat 529 730Canarygrass 275 275Chickpea 2,728 780 3,508Clover 544 665 1,285 2,494Hybrid Corn 19,161Faba Bean 438 4,345 6,210 10,993Fescue 3,638 220 4,952 1,420 10,230Flax 7,113 24,685 7,493 39,338Hemp 2,443 3,195 3,926 9,690Hybrid Canola 16 52,823 10,103 62,942Lentil 21,259 1,126 22,385Mustard 425 2,055 2,480Oats 11,005 9,955 4,264 391 46,718Peas 3,796 34,082 25,515 533 64,354Rape 163 85 376 863Rye 3,038 203 2,067 5,659Ryegrass 14,815 840 59 15,714Soybeans 123,061 9,818 711 319,416Timothy 16,906 4,924 16,272 3,169 41,271Triticale 130 666 3,317 4,264Wheat 97,359 114,616 68,003 914 320,626Wheatgrass 175 1,570 3,215 4,959Minor Crops 560 613 450 1,763

TOTAL 311,190 276,310 297,331 7,094 10,103 1,171,776


Table 4 – Acreage in Pedigreed Seed Production in Canada 2014 Inspected Acreage(Source: Canadian Seed Growers’ Association, 2014)

4(b) Western Canada and International


Table 5 – Number of Seed Growers in Canada(Source: Canadian Seed Growers’ Association, 2014)

Year PEI NS NB QC ON MB SK AB BC Canada

2014 15 2 15 636 878 642 497 505** 25 3,2152013 22 1 18 605 925 630 555 770 31 3,5572012 16 2 21 611 932 626 542 752 24 3,5262011 14 2 23 598 960 597 522 721 28 3,4652010 15 3 23 598 1,101 645 579 733 29 3,7262009 12 3 21 537 1,101 620 586 717 25 3,532

** Does not include Hybrid Canola Contract Growers which accounted for 203 accounts in 2014.

13Part II: The Seed Sector’s Contribution to the Canadian Economy

“Seed is the critical first link in the agri-food value chain. It’sthe starting point for growing crops that produce food, feedand other bioproducts for both domestic and export markets.”


Canadian Seed Sector by the Numbers(Source: Canadian Seed Sector Profile – Seed Sector Value Chain Round Table, 2014)

$5.61 billion = Estimated total economic impact (direct and indirect) of the Canadian seed industry

$2.58 billion = Estimated total economic impact (direct and indirect) of pedigreed seed production on farms in Canada

$3.82 billion = Estimated total economic impact (indirect) of Canadian seed processing, marketing and distribution

$450 million = Approximate seed exports in 2012

57,420 jobs = Implied employment effects of seed industry

$101.5 million = Forecasted research and development expenditure by 2017

Private Sector Investment(Source: CSTA Member Investment Survey, 2012)

$101.3 million in plant breeding, research and variety development in Canada in 2012, an increase of more than 78% from 2007

89% of 2012 private sector investment was in three crops: canola, corn and soybeans8% of 2012 private sector investment was in cereal plant breeding, researchand variety developmentCompanies forecast that in 2017, more than 13% of combined investments will be in cereal plant breeding, research and variety development

14 Part II: The Seed Sector’s Contribution to the Canadian Economy

Table 1 – Private Sector Investment in Plant Breeding and Research by Crop, 2012(Source: Canadian Seed Trade Association, 2012)

Crop 2007 2012 2017 (projected) $CDN % $CDN % $CDN %

Canola 41,900,000 74 64,800,000 64 56,540,000 56Corn 4,800,000 8 16,540,000 16 20,150,000 20Soybeans 3,900,000 7 9,570,000 9 9,520,000 9Other Oilseeds 1,250,000 1 900,000 1Cereals: 3,300,000 6 8,378,000 8 13,511,000 13Wheat 6,160,000 6 12,120,000 12Barley 1,680,000 2 721,000 0.7Other Cereals 538,000 0.5 670,000 0.7Forages 500,000 1 180,000 0.2 401,000 0.4Pulse Crops 235,000 0.2 150,000 0.1Special Crops 1,000,000 2 1,850 0 9,250 0.01Vegetables 0 0 0 0 0Other 1,600,000 3 360,000 0.4 370,000 0

TOTAL 57,000,000 101,314,850 101,551,250

Table 2 – Private Sector Investment, Plant Breeding and Research(Source: CSTA Member Surveys 1987-2012)

Crop Kind 1987 % Total 2001 % Total 2007 % Total 2012 % Total

Canola 7.1 50.0 30.5 67.4 41.9 73.5 64.8 64.0Corn 2.8 19.7 7.9 17.4 4.8 8.4 16.5 16.3Soybeans 0.7 4.9 2.6 5.7 3.9 6.8 9.6 9.5Other Oilseeds N/A - N/A - N/A - 1.3 1.3Cereals 1.5 10.6 2.3 5.0 3.3 5.8 8.4 8.3Forages 0.3 2.1 0.8 1.8 0.5 0.9 0.2 0.2Pulse Crops N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A -Special Crops 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.9 1.0 1.8 0.02 0.02Garden Seed 0.1 0.7 0 - 0 - 0 -Other 1.6 11.3 0.8 1.8 1.6 2.8 0.4 0.4

TOTAL 14.2 45.3 57.0 101.2

Table 3 – Private Sector Employment Associated with Plant Breeding and Research, 2007 vs. 2012(Source: CSTA Member Surveys 2007 and 2012)

Employment Category 2007 2012 % change

Plant Breeders and Technicians 237 362 52.7Sales 260 367 41.2Production 191 179 -6.2Processing 61 354 480.3Seasonal Staff 141 155 9.9Other (support etc) 96 100 4.2

TOTAL 986 1,517 53.9

Table 4 –Value of Seed Purchases by Canadian Farmers, 2009 – 2013(Source: Statistics Canada)

Total Value of Seed Purchases ($ millions)

2009 1,390,626,6902010 1,531,361,5202011 1,773,180,5602012 1,974,762,8102013 2,062,835,390

15Part II: The Seed Sector’s Contribution to the Canadian Economy

Table 5 – Use of Certified Seed for Selected Crop Types (Certified Seed’s Percentage of the Seed Required to Plant the Crop)(Source: CSTA Member Surveys and Statistics Canada)

Crop Kind 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Western Canada

Spring Wheat 22 18 17 19 19 20 21Winter Wheat 33 35 29 36 25 37 50Durum Wheat 10 12 13 14 10 16 13Barley 20 18 23 25 29 29 27Oats 13 10 16 13 12 17 15Flax 24 24 42 31 23 31 39

Ontario

Winter Wheat 40 40 43 38 49 48 54Spring Wheat 79 77 84 78 89 69 64

16 Part II: The Seed Sector’s Contribution to the Canadian Economy

17Part III: International Trade of Seed

“Canadian seed exports have increased markedly since2009/10. In 2012/13, Canadian seed exports were valued at approximately $450 million.”


Table 1 –Trade in Seed: July-June Crop Year(Source: Statistics Canada, CATSNET Analytics)

Year Exports ($Cdn) Imports ($Cdn) Balance ($Cdn)

2010-2011 257,086,179 309,343,389 -52,257,2102011-2012 352,747,294 357,023,042 -4,275,7482012-2013 449,248,446 425,143,549 24,104,8972013-2014 504,917,187 531,710,786 -26,793,599

Table 2 – Seed Exports: July-June Crop Year(Source: Statistics Canada, CATSNET Analytics)

$ Cdn Kg

2010-2011 257,086,179 202,542,8122011-2012 352,747,294 281,316,1892012-2013 449,248,446 339,849,2852013-2014 504,917,187 388,514,707

2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 $ Cdn/Quantity $ Cdn/Quantity $ Cdn/QuantityProduct Description (000’s)/(kg/t) (000’s)/(kg/t) (000’s)/(kg/t)

Pea seeds, dried, shelled, for sowing (Kilogram) 14,504 29,388 18,498 39,882 34,405 76,628Chickpea seeds dried, shelled, for sowing (Kilogram) 2,897 3,055 3,887 4,306 2,932 3,748Beans, Vigna mungo, Hepper/Vigna rad Wilczek for sowing (Kg) 3 5 0 0 47 74Beans small red (Adzuki) dried, shelled for sowing (Kilogram) 1,257 1,165 676 511 1,822 1,622Navy/white pea bean seeds dried, shelled for sowing (Kilogram) 12 12 3,157 2,754 3,064 3,507Kidney bean seeds for sowing, dried, shelled, nes (Kilogram) 2,316 2,289 3,506 2,871 3,945 3,138Bean seeds for sowing, nes, dried, shelled (Kilogram) 43,968 44,967 45,602 46,368 53,914 48,329Lentil seeds for sowing, dried, shelled (Kilogram) 9,745 10,985 10,423 11,871 15,284 18,954Broad bean & horse bean for sowing, dried, shelled (Kilogram) 568 984 439 732 1,010 1,958Leguminous vegetable seeds for sowing, dried, shelled, w/n skinned/split,nes (Kilogram) 61 86 4 3 60 3Rye seed (Metric Ton) 14,372 39 0 0 0 0Rye seed used for sowing (Metric Ton) 7,150 14 33,640 89 29,414 71Barley seed (Metric Ton) 102 3 0 0 0 0Barley seed used for sowing (Metric Ton) 4,137 10 4,067 9 4,112 11Oats, seed (Kilogram) 2,614 6,953 0 0 0 0Oats, seed for sowing (Kilogram) 2,481 8,411 4,422 12,172 4,146 12,923Yellow dent corn seed (Kilogram) 65,112 17,594 100,999 21,967 100,739 17,466Maize (corn) seed, o/t yellow dent, nes (Kilogram) 4,176 1,127 12,548 2,864 13,607 6,888

18 Part III: International Trade of Seed

Table 3 – Seed Exports: July-June Crop Year(Source: Statistics Canada, CASNET Analytics) (Differences may exist due to rounding)



Grain sorghum (Kilogram) 12 17 0 0 0 0Grain, sorghum, seed for sowing (Kg) 0 0 0 0 46 93Buckwheat (Kilogram) 2,968 4,027 2,603 3,490 2,746 3,517Millet, used for sowing (Kilogram) 206 338 933 1,158 533 829Soya beans, for sowing (Kilogram) 3.097 3,656 0 0 0 0Soya beans, seed for sowing, whether or not broken (Kilogram) 8,129 7,946 35,573 34,658 37,423 37,438Linseed (including solin), for sowing (Kilogram) 553 797 3,033 4,837 9,052 13,408Low erucic acid rape or colza seeds for sowing (Kilogram) 17,165 10,848 18,038 2,427 13,703 4,376Rape or colza seeds, o/t low erucic acid, for sowing, w/n broken (Kilogram) 261 197 31 33 31 51Sunflower seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 481 462 1,148 1,113 3,896 3,925Cotton seeds, for sowing, whether ornot broken (Kilogram) 0 0 3 6 0.9 0.2Hemp seeds, whether or not broken (Kilogram) 10,477 1,045 21,049 1,880 30,102 2,519Sugar beet seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 57 20 0 0 0 0Seeds, lucerne (alfalfa), for sowing, certified (Kilogram) 16,685 3,607 20,054 4,414 26,970 5,874Seeds, lucerne (alfalfa), for sowing, o/t certified (Kilogram) 16,996 3,844 19,833 4,192 28,998 5,459Seeds, Red clover, double cut, for sowing (Kilogram) 347 116 567 242 910 349Seeds, Red clover, nes, for sowing (Kg) 2,684 1,425 2,317 1,393 3,865 2,120Sweet clover seeds, for sowing (Kg) 1,512 729 1,155 497 1,265 512Alsike clover seeds, for sowing (Kg) 2,195 1,188 2,314 1,027 2,525 567White clover seeds, for sowing (Kg) 137 54 97 42 925 514Seeds, clover nes, for sowing (Kg) 488 133 570 163 710 174Seeds, creeping red fescue, for sowing,certified (Kilogram) 9,947 6,373 4,868 2,736 2,783 1,348Seeds, creeping red fescue, for sowing,o/t certified (Kilogram) 8,396 5,901 13,828 8,651 17,698 8,656



Seeds, tall fescue, for sowing (Kg) 2,257 1,615 1,387 808 1,453 909Seeds, meadow fescue, for sowing (Kg) 317 170 602 306 719 476,766Seeds, fescue nes, for sowing (Kg) 520 279 471 142 510 210Kentucky blue grass seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 582 252 1,552 519 572 194Seeds, rye grass, annual, for sowing (Kg) 1,804 1,108 1,285 1,169 809 623Seeds, rye grass, perennial, for sowing (Kilogram) 18,661 12,354 12,792 7,840 10,611 5,225Seeds, Bromegrass, meadow, for sowing (Kilogram) 1,194 347 2,348 614 1,240 299Seeds, Bromegrass, smooth, for sowing (Kilogram) 2,008 596 1,207 227 707 166Seeds, Bromegrass, nes, for sowing (Kilogram) 626 215 661 155 16 2Seeds, Wheatgrass, crested, for sowing (Kilogram) 2,219 765 4,482 1,076 2,070 429Seeds, Wheatgrass, nes, for sowing (Kilogram) 2,536 589 2,523 485 1,594 323Seeds, bent grass, for sowing (Kg) 21 2 52 11 25 58Seeds, Bird’s foot trefoil, for sowing (Kilogram) 5,136 723 5,056 544 2,672 322Seeds, Orchardgrass, for sowing (Kg) 243 84 156 51 168 54Seeds, Timothy grass, for sowing, certified (Kilogram) 9,248 3,544 10,035 3,431 10,674 3,702Seeds, Timothy grass, for sowing, o/t certified (Kilogram) 242 98 271 98 150 60Seeds, Wild rye, for sowing (Kilogram) 547 135 1,716 412 2,277 573Seeds of forage plants, for sowing, nes Kilogram) 12,236 4,446 12,331 4,019 13,856 4,255Seeds, flower, for sowing (Kilogram) 32 0.2 53 59 30 1Seeds, vegetable, nes for sowing (Kilogram) 1,925 38 668 9 1,679 79

TOTAL by Kilogram 327,075 218,990 411,823 241,776 470,988 305,136TOTAL by Metric Ton 25,761 63 37,707 99 33,536 82


Table 4 – Top 10 Crops Exported (by value) for 2014(Source: Statistics Canada, CATSNET Analytics)

% Total Product Description 2014 Exports

1 Wheat, nes and meslin (Metric Ton) 5,759,405,424 11.17%2 Rape/colza seeds, low erucic acid, for oil extraction, w/n broken (Kilogram) 5,099,332,557 9.89%3 Durum wheat (Metric Ton) 2,192,016,149 4.25%4 Soya beans, other than seed for sowing, whether or not broken, for oil extraction (Kilogram) 1,303,805,992 2.53%5 Peas, nes, yellow, dried, shelled, whether or not skinned (Kilogram) 1,079,108,637 2.09%6 Lentils, red, dried, shell, whether or not skin/split, nes (Kilogram) 866,829,578 1.68%7 Soya beans, o/t seed for sowing, whether or not broken, o/t for oil extraction (Kilogram) 624,553,000 1.21%8 Oats, other than seed for sowing (Kilogram) 537,475,501 1.04%9 Lentils, green, incl. French green (dark speckled), dried, shell, w/n skin/ split, nes (Kilogram) 535,642,791 1.04%10 Barley, other than seed for sowing (Metric Ton) 489,921,971 0.95%

Table 5 –Total Seed Imports to Canada(Source: Statistics Canada, CATSNET Analytics)

$ Cdn Kg

2010-2011 309,343,389 128,123,6262011-2012 357,023,042 111,827,8192012-2013 425,143,549 134,412,8952013-2014 531,710,786 163,795,731


Table 6 – Seed Imports: July-June Crop Year(Source: Statistics Canada, CATSNET Analytics) (Differences may exist due to rounding)


Sweet corn seed dried but not further prepared (Metric Ton) 5,375 6 5,760 3 7,185 8Peas, seed, in packages <=500g (Kg) 19 10 23 0.5 65 12Peas, seeds for sowing, in packages >500g (Kilogram) 5 7 7 4 8 4Chickpea (garbanzos) seeds for sowing, dried, shelled (Kilogram) 481 472 91 114 174 321Bean seeds for sowing, Vigna radiata, in pack >500g, dried, shelled (Kilogram) 244 43 197 105 1,442 1,048Bean seeds for sowing, small red (Adzuki) dried, shelled (Kilogram) 312 279 516 470 543 535Navy/white pea beans, seed, dried, shelled, w/n skinned (Kilogram) 2,191 1,254 2,065 1,067 3,455 1,646Kidney bean seeds, nes, dried, shelled, w/n skinned (Kilogram) 2,935 1,487 5,371 2,647 7,099 3,745Beans, seeds for sowing, nes (Kilogram) 6,103 1,991 6,494 2,143 8,362 3,028Lentils, seeds for sowing (Kilogram) 2,253 3,521 2,296 1,341 2,032 3,945Broad beans and horse beans, seed, in packages >500g (Kilogram) 86 78 78 66 131 138Broad bean and horse bean seeds for sowing, dried, shelled, nes (Kilogram) 11 12 16 15 2 2Leguminous vegetable seed, nes, in packages >500g (Kilogram) 3,359 2,469 2,871 2,192 3,172 2,382Leguminous vegetables, seeds for sowing, nes, in packages <=500g (Kg) 95 50 54 29 5 3Durum wheat, seed, within access commitment (Metric Ton) 590 1 0 0 0 0Durum wheat, seed for sowing, within access commitment, nes (Metric Ton) 121 0.3 62 0.1 228 0.4Durum wheat, seed for sowing, over access commitment (Metric Ton) 0 0 0 0 61 0Wheat seed within access commitment, nes (Metric Ton) 749 1 0 0 0 0Wheat and meslin, o/t durum wheat seed for sowing, within access commitment, nes (Metric Ton) 521 0.9 2 3 2 2Wheat and meslin, o/t durum wheat seed for sowing, over access commitment, nes (Metric Ton) 6 0.15 0 0 0 0Rye (Metric Ton) 26 0.1 0 0 0 0


Rye seed, for sowing (Metric Ton) 0 0 55 0.2 8 16Barley, seed, within access commitment(Metric Ton) 1 1 0 0 0 0Barley seed, for malting purposes, within access commitment (Metric Ton) 0 0 3,965 10 0.1 0Barley seed, o/t malting purposes, within access commitment, nes (Metric Ton) 117 0.3 163 0.4 46 0.8Oats, seed (Metric Ton) 1 0.04 0 0 0 0Oats, seed for sowing (Metric Ton) 95 0.5 1,340 6 3,708 13Maize (corn), seed, yellow dent (Metric Ton) 114,152 25 155,448 30 217,026 40Maize (corn), seed, except yellow dent (Metric Ton) 15,410 4 20,203 5 22,483 9Grain sorghum (Metric Ton) 518 2 0 0 0 0Grain sorghum, seed for sowing (Metric Ton) 162 0.5 403 1 252 0.8Buckwheat seed (Metric Ton) 173 3 142 0.2 84,996 169Millet seed (Kilogram) 585 704 0 0 0 0Millet seed for sowing (Kilogram) 268 67 240 56 430 80Soya beans, for sowing (Kilogram) 1,138 1,304 0 0 0 0Soya beans, seed for sowing (Kilogram) 13,906 9,454 12,714 10,064 11,465 6,694Ground nuts, seed for sowing (Kilogram) 226 115 453 204 250 134Linseed (Metric Ton) 7,292 9 8,249 13 11,289 16Low erucic acid rape or colza seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 13,618 4,474 31,000 7,707 24,718 7,949Rape or colza seeds, for sowing, nes (Kg) 1,874 404 190 47 784 239Sunflower seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 2,980 442 2,836 204 3,663 318Cotton seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 1,327 4,129 3,673 8,963 2,495 5,830Hemp seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 84 51 10 6 15 9Sugar beet seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 4,381 68 3,691 62 6,755 58Lucerne (alfalfa) seeds for sowing (Kg) 8,573 1,732 6,742 1,233 7,029 1,368Red clover seeds, for sowing (Kg) 2,453 881 3,286 1,292 2,752 871Sweet clover seeds, for sowing (Kg) 0 0 59 20 54 20White clover seeds, for sowing (Kg) 771 195 1,282 310 1,079 221Clover seeds, nes, for sowing (Kilogram) 171 59 250 75 443 117Creeping red fescue seeds, for sowing (Kg) 7,434 4,142 9,164 5,383 10,479 5,198Meadow fescue seeds, for sowing (Kg) 29 17 53 31 139 82Chewing fescue seeds, for sowing (Kg) 356 229 664 355 655 282Tall fescue seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 839 507 1,541 887 2,112 1,006Fescue seeds, nes, for sowing (Kilogram) 1,150 426 2,429 931 1,319 524Kentucky blue grass seeds, certified, for sowing (Kilogram) 2,794 1,297 4,211 1,777 3,496 1,352Kentucky blue grass seeds, o/t certified, for sowing (Kilogram) 7,340 3,589 8,510 3,778 10,409 3,743



Annual rye grass seeds, for sowing (Kg) 1,998 1,947 2,335 2,326 2,896 2,466Perennial rye grass seeds, for sowing (Kg) 8,515 5,539 9,938 5,812 14,291 6,730Bent grass seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 1,086 128 1,381 154 1,508 170Meadow bromegrass seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 11 5 110 49 102 46Smooth bromegrass seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 12 4 54 20 490 148Bromegrass seeds, except meadow and smooth, for sowing (Kilogram) 326 81 345 92 336 172Wheatgrass seeds, for sowing (Kilogram) 402 117 971 244 378 107Bluegrass seeds (other than Kentucky), for sowing (Kilogram) 195 44 295 65 182 51Orchardgrass seeds, for sowing (Kg) 561 297 861 392 724 265Bird's foot trefoil seeds, for sowing (Kg) 188 52 289 79 192 51Beet seeds, for sowing, except sugar beet (Kilogram) 266 13 624 17 369 16Timothy grass seeds, certified, for sowing (Kilogram) 12 4 3 1 178 71Timothy grass seeds, o/t certified, for sowing (Kilogram) 273 91 137 52 312 113Forage plant seeds, nes, for sowing (Kg) 2,722 707 3,858 1,215 4,062 1,034Flower seeds, for sowing, in packages less than 25g (Kilogram) 7,719 241 7,229 265 7,738 259Flower seeds, for sowing, in packages of 25g or more (Kilogram) 7,167 275 7,824 163 9,314 724Tomato seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 9,132 14 6,229 35 6,261 28Onion seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 6,252 89 5,391 73 6,570 83Cabbage seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 792 5 615 4 962 7Cauliflower seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kg) 1,010 0.4 618 0.4 840 0.5Lettuce seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 1,495 73 1,257 21 1,529 30Carrot seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 4,386 66 4,427 85 4,895 73Radish seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 1,435 193 1,216 149 1,279 153Cucumber seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kg) 756 6 734 5 2,233 11Celery seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 207 1 144 1 159 0.9Parsley seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 64 3 49 2 64 3




Spinach seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 994 36 1,459 54 1,721 75Broccoli seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 1,576 109 1,707 94 2,160 147Parsnip seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 211 6 129 3 363 10Pumpkin seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 3,236 542 3,408 503 5,269 797Turnip seeds, for sowing, in bulk or in packages exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 73 2 79 2 76 2Vegetable seeds, nes, for sowing, in bulkor in packages exceeding 500g (Kg) 11,801 1,174 12,873 1,419 17,829 1,313Tomato seeds, for sowing, in pack of >=25g but <=500g, valued @ >=$5.50 per 500g (Kilogram) 12,558 17 7,735 11 16,770 34Onion seeds, for sowing, in pack of >=25g but <=500g, valued @ >=$5.50 per 500g (Kilogram) 214 15 72 5 476 12Cabbage and cauliflower seeds, in pack >=25g but <=500g,valued @ >=$5.50 per 500 g (Kilogram) 723 3 638 3 499 2Lettuce seeds, for sowing, in pack >=25g but <=500g, valued @ >=$5.50 per 500g (Kilogram) 291 106 663 210 634 137Cucumber seeds for sowing, in pack >=25g but <=500g, valued @ >=$5.50 per 500g (Kilogram) 8,922 0.1 10,773 15 12,227 25Vegetable seeds, nes, for sowing, in pack >=25g but <=500g, valued @ >=$5.50 per 500g (Kilogram) 12,295 305 10,415 155 11,461 182Vegetable seeds, nes, for sowing, in packs <=500g (Kilogram) 3,070 116 2,346 268 3,113 233Cucumber seeds, nes, for sowing, in packs <=500g (Kilogram) 7 13 0 0 0 0Vegetable seeds, nes, for sowing, in packs <=500g (Kilogram) 1,283 186 0 0 0 0Melon seeds, for sowing, in bulk or packages, exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 489 73 517 95 354 44Seeds, nes, in bulk or in packages > 500g, and fruits and spores, for sowing (Kilogram) 903 245 1,015 115 660 109Seeds, nes, for sowing, in packages not exceeding 500g (Kilogram) 1,011 45 589 45 1,174 78

TOTAL, Kilogram 212,303 62,027 231,221 71,523 267,572 72,800TOTAL, Metric Ton 144,720 50 197,880 74 264,068 91


% Total Product Description 2014 Imports

1 Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated, not certified organic (Kilogram) 605,763,184 1.53%2 Other raw cane sugar, exceeding 99% but less than 99.5% of polarization (Metric Ton) 501,171,354 1.27%3 Grapes, o/t species Vitis labrusca, fresh, in natural state, not certified organic (Kilogram) 457,657,383 1.16%4 Bananas, other than plantains, fresh, not certified organic (Kilogram) 413,617,263 1.05%5 Strawberries, fresh, except for processing, nes, not certified organic (Kilogram) 348,833,653 0.88%6 Almonds, shelled (Kilogram) 232,969,071 0.59%7 Maize (corn), seed, yellow dent (Metric Ton) 227,941,850 0.58%8 Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted (Metric Ton) 223,529,134 0.57%9 Raspberries and loganberries, fresh, nes, in natural state, not certified organic (Kilogram) 219,602,539 0.56%10 Oranges, except Temple, fresh, not certified organic (Kilogram) 206,523,578 0.52%

Table 7 –Top 10 Crops Imported (by value) for 2014 (Source: Statistics Canada, CATSNET Analytics)

27Part IV: International Statistics

Seed Exports Country Millions $ US

France 1,804Netherlands 1,583United States 1,531Germany 727Chile 388Hungary 385Canada 323Italy 315Denmark 265China 251Romania 218Belgium 208Mexico 203Brazil 165United Kingdom 151Argentina 150Japan 145Spain 145Israel 126Austria 118New Zealand 111Australia 108

“The commercial world seed market is assessed at approximately USD $45 billion.”

International Seed Federation, 2013

Table 1 – Exports of Seed for Sowing by Country, 2012 (over $ US 100 million)

(Source: International Seed Federation.Accessed March 2015 fromhttp://www.worldseed.org/isf/seed_statistics.html)

Table 2 – Imports of Seed for Sowing byCountry, 2012 (over $ US 100 million)

(Source: International Seed Federation. Accessed March 2015 fromhttp://www.worldseed.org/isf/seed_statistics.html)

Seed Imports Country Millions $ US

United States 1,312Germany 700France 687Netherlands 685Italy 422Spain 374Russian Federation 373Mexico 355United Kingdom 287China 268Ukraine 268Japan 231Belgium 228Canada 223Turkey 188Poland 175Romania 147Hungary 139Brazil 120Australia 113Korea, Republic of 111Austria 111Denmark 106South Africa 101

28 Part V: Useful Links

Government

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada: www.agr.gc.caSeed Sector Value Chain Round Table: www.agr.gc.ca/eng/industry-markets-and-trade/value-chain-roundtables/seed/?id=1385757253931Canadian Food Inspection Agency: www.inspection.gc.ca

International

African Seed Trade Association: www.afsta.orgAmerican Seed Trade Association: www.amseed.orgAsia & Pacific Seed Association: www.apsaseed.orgEuropean Seed Association: www.euroseeds.euInternational Seed Federation: www.worldseed.org/isf/home.html

Seed Sector Partners

Canadian Plant Technology Agency: [email protected] Seed Growers’ Association: www.seedgrowers.caCanadian Seed Institute: www.csi-ics.com/canadian-seed-instituteCommercial Seed Analysts Associationof Canada Inc.: www.seedanalysts.ca

National Value Chain Partners

Barley Council of Canada: www.barleycouncil.comCanadian Canola Growers Association: www.ccga.caCanadian Federation of Agriculture: www.cfa-fca.caCanadian Horticultural Council: www.hortcouncil.caCanadian Ornamental HorticulturalCouncil: www.coha-acho.caCanadian Potato Council: www.hortcouncil.ca/canadian-potato-council.aspxCereals Canada: www.cerealscanada.caCropLife Canada: www.croplife.caFlax Council of Canada: www.flaxcouncil.caGrain Growers of Canada: www.ggc-pgc.caSoy Canada: www.soycanada.ca

Programs

Agriculture More than Ever: www.agriculturemorethanever.caPlant Breeders’ Rights: www.pbrfacts.caSeed for the Future: www.seedforthefuture.ca

“Seed is the driver of innovation and competitiveness inCanadian Agriculture and the Seed Sector is a strong contributor to the economy of our country.”

Canadian Seed Trade Association

What is the CSTA?

e Canadian Seed Trade Association (CSTA) is a voluntary association composed ofapproximately 130 seed companies from across Canada. Member companies develop,produce, market and trade high-quality seed for field crops and home gardens.

Founded in 1923, the CSTA represents a broad cross-section of Canadian businessesthat are engaged in all aspects of seed research, production and marketing, both domestically and internationally. Membership ranges from those who market gardenseed and herbs to large western grain handlers, and from small family-run businesses to large multinational corporations.

e seed products come from about 50 principal crops, including: grains and oilseeds,special crops, forage and turf grasses, flowers, vegetables, fruits.

CSTA’s Mission Statement

To foster seed industry innovation and trade

CSTA’s Core Values

1. Our direction comes from our members.2. We ensure fair and equitable recognition of members.3. We foster an environment that encourages participation of our members.4. We are strategic and proactive in our planning, thinking and actions.5. We are dedicated to prioritizing and resolving the common issues that affect

our members.6. We strive for consensus in all of our decision making processes.7. We work constructively with other groups in pursuit of our mission statement.8. We act with transparency and integrity in conducting our business.9. We are non-partisan.10. We comply with the Canadian Competition Act.

29Part VI: About the Canadian Seed Trade Association

Our commitment to our customers - Canadian Seed Trade...

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