Ounl Celstec Presentation
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Social tagging and
learning resources in a multilingual context
CELSTEC/NELL colloquium
June 4 2009
Riina Vuorikari
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Presentation
• Introduction: who, context of my PhD work
• Ecology– social search– metadata ecology
• Crossing contexts– Cross-repository tagcloud
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Intro: who?
Riina Vuorikari
• Master’s in Education (Finland)• DEA in Hypermedia (France)• now PhD student as "buitenpromovendus”• Since 2000 worked in European Schoolnet
with TEL topics
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European Schoolnet (EUN)
• 31 Ministries of Education (MoE) in Europe
• Created in 1997
• Leads the way in bringing about change in schooling through the use of new technology
– Digital content; school collaboration; policy making
• Stichting Kennisnet Ict op School as Dutch member
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Digital Resources and LORs exist on local and national level
• Content in different languages
• Comply to local/national curriculum and educational standards (especially in K-12)
• Variety of pedagogical approaches
• Sharing of resources and/or metadata on the repository level (e.g. federation of repositories, harvesting metadata)
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Typical “old school” LOR =Learning Object Repository
• Metadata used for indexing and describing resources
• Library background
• Studying the use and reuse through different metrics (e.g. downloads, views)
• Digital libraries, datamining, web metrics, attention metadata,..
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Typical “old school” LOR
• Reuse around 20% (Ochoa, 2008)
• Resources seldom have link-structures to cross-reference -> use of PageRank type algorithms impossible!
• Often not found by Google either
QuickTime™ and aBMP decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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New kid on the block: tagging
Triple (user, item, tag)• (item,tag) describing the
item that they are related to
• (item, user) as a parameter of the interaction between a user and item
• (user,tag) as part of a user model
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• Activity Theory as a conceptual framework to investigate the LORs and communities
– LOR as a single system, rather than as a loose set of instruments, subjects, objects and outcomes
• LORs as participatory environments where knowledge is co-constructed rather than exchanged and consumed
– (1) the social origin of learning; (2) the mediation of learning by tools; and (3) the goal- oriented nature of learning activities.
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Learning Resource Exchange - Riina VuorikariLearning Resource Exchange for schools http://lreforschools.eun.org
03/03/2009
Conventional search
«From teachers to teachers»
Tags in multiple
languages
Ratings and comments
by the European Commission’s
eContentplus Programme
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Learning Resource Exchange - Riina VuorikariTagging as a conceptual tool for co-construction of knowledge
Add to Favourites
Add a tag
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Learning Resource Exchange - Riina VuorikariTagging for co-construction of knowledge
Digital
traces to follow!
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by Stiphy
“Social
” makes
trails
visible
..
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and
guides
the way
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Activity system (Cole and Engeström, 1991)
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How can SIR help discovery of resources in a multilingual
context?
Social Information Retrieval: e.g. social navigation, ranking, recommender systems
Study the system “ecology”: • How does tagging in multilingual context affect on the
discovery of resources? • How does tagging interplay with LOM?
Crossing contexts:• Tagging to help discovery across contexts
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Cross-boundary use of educational resources
• Existing literature cites many barriers,
• Curious if it does exist and to what extent?
• Notably lower than general reuse
Vuorikari, R., Koper, R,. (submitted) Evidence of cross-boundary use and reuse of digital educational resources. http://dspace.ou.nl/handle/1820/1709
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Resources with user tag «interactive» Tag
«interactive»
Exploratory study into tagging: resources through tags
Vuorikari, R., & Ochoa, X. (2009). Exploratory Analysis of the Main Characteristics of Tags and Tagging of Educational Resources in a Multi-lingual Context. Journal of Digital Information, 10(2). http://journals.tdl.org/jodi/article/view/447.
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Resource provider
Tag «optics»
Exploratory study into tagging: content from providers connected through tags
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Austria
Hungary
Finland
Resource that «Travels well»
Exploratory study into tagging: users from different countries connected through tags
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Ecology: social search
Attention metadata; 82 users; 2,5 monthsVuorikari, R., & Koper, R. (2009). Ecology of social search for learning
resources. Campus-Wide Information Systems, 26(4). http://hdl.handle.net/1820/1799
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Users interact differently with tags (*)
- tag but don’t use for search- tag and search- only search- don’t tag nor search
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Hypotheses to be tested
• H1: Can search strategies based on Social Information Retrieval (SIR) make the discovery of learning resources more efficient for users?
• H2: Can Community browsing help users discover more cross-boundary resources?
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Ecology: interplay between tags and metadata?
(*) Vuorikari, R., Sillaots, M., Panzavolta, S., & Koper, R. (2009). Are tags from Mars and descriptors from Venus? A study on the ecology of educational resource metadata. In Advances in Web-Based Learning - ICWL 2009, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 5686). Springer. hdl.handle.net/1820/1849
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“Thesaurus tags”• Characteristics:
– 11.3% of distinct user-generated tags exist in the LRE multilingual Thesaurus – 30.6% of tag applications
• Popular:– On average, these tags were reused 11.8 times (other tags 2.5 times)
• Add properties to tags – e.g. relation to a concept in multilingual Thesaurus, – language
• Add connections, e.g. all the other resources related to this thesaurus term
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Link-structures that did not exist
before: descriptor - LOM
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Link-structures that did not exist before: different tagging platforms
• Comparison of 3 different tagging tools• Comparison of tags in educational context
from 5 different platforms
Vuorikari, R., Poldoja, H., & Koper, R. (2009). Comparison of educational tagging systems – any chances of interplay? To appear in IJTEL
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Tag-item structure interesting for social navigation across platforms
Vuorikari, R., Poldoja, H., & Koper, R. (2009). Comparison of educational tagging systems – any chances of interplay? To appear in IJTEL
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Cross-repository tagcloud
• Tags create interplay between repositories
• Builds on social interactions among users in terms of co-construction of tags
• From institutional and private resource collections
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Cross-repository tagcloud
• But also: Tags create number of underlying link-structures between content in heterogeneous content platforms and thus opens novel ways for PageRank-type algorithms for better cross-language discovery
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Conclusions
QuickTime™ and aBMP decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Epistemological level- how tagging can support discovery- creation of new ways to interact with the discovery process, i.e. SIR
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Methodological level- new methods for structuring the communication in the context: tags
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Social assistance level-new forms of assistance to correspond better to communities needs (e.g. own vocabularies, topical and lingual tag clouds)
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social bookmarks Metadata LOM tags folksonomy
ecology multi-linguality social classification
thanks! for your attentionlearning resources Tags
user communitiesresource discovery
questions? teachers social navigation
social tracespaths, trails
http://elgg.ou.nl/rvu