FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGES

SEMESTER SEPTEMBER / 2011

OUMH 2103

ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES

MATRICULATION NO : 770218015450002

IDENTITY CARD NO. : 770218-01-5450

TELEPHONE NO. : 013-7018071

E-MAIL : znas77@yahoo.com.my

LEARNING CENTRE : JOHOR BAHRU

PART A

HYBRID CARS

In this recent years, there have been a lot of discussions about the future of ersonal

vehicles using oil products, such as cars. This discussion is about pollution, global warming

and dependency upon the non renewable oil. So, the global cars begun to show the future cars

and it seems as hybrid cars is the answer. The electric motor in this hybrid car is the main

source of propulsion but when the battery starts to run low or the hybrid car needs a little

help, the standard engine kicks in and does just like that. What is hybrid car definition? Some

people said that a hybrid car is a car which can move or powered by two or more fuel sources

such as gasoline and electric or gasoline and diesel. The other versions of hybrid car means

that the car uses electricity derived from special batteries, as well as a traditional gasoline

engine. Basically, a hybrid car combines an internal combustion engine and an electric motor

powered by batteries. This combination allows the electric motor and batteries to help the

conventional engine to operate more efficience especially in cutting down on fuel usage. This

hybrid car also has advantages and disadvantages. Hybrid car’s advantages is to help the

environment especially for nature and human being (Hilal Abdelwali, 2007). It is also can

decrease the and saving consumption of fuel and gas. Other than these advantages, the hybrid

cars also can run consistently at any motor speed. Besides, we have to consider some of the

disadvantages as well as the advantages. First, the retail prices of hybrid cars are quite

expensive. Second, is about the servicing and maintenance of the hybrid cars. Third, the

condition of the battery itself.

The environmental advantages of the hybrid cars should be quite obvious to

everybody especially to increase health for human and nature. Long since proved that the use

of oil products releases more pollution into the air than the nature can take care of, it is

increasing the risks of cancer and lung diseases. The pollution that produced by cars might

also being carried into the atmosphere, where it transforms into acidic rain. This acidic rain is

one of the worst problems for nature and planted crops. So, by using hybrid cars, humanity

not only does the nature a favour but also a favour to ourselves. Other than help the

environment, this hybrid car also can help in decrease and saving of finite resources of fuel

and gas. This hybrid car using batteries can help to save the gasoline in a way (Danny Green,

2009). When we are driving especially in busy town, we will always stuck in the traffic. This

will make our car’s engine turned off automatically the moment our car stops. However, as

soon as we start our car, the engine will start automatically and from this situation, we can

save many gallons per mile. The owner of the car also do not feel the increasing cost in fuel

prices. Other advantage that the hybrid cars can give is, they can run consistently at any

motor speed, as they are electrically operated (Wolfgang Jaegel, 2008). Most makes of these

cars have a compact and lightweight body, enabling easy maneuver on the road. Most

models, particularly those made by American and European car makers, come with stylish

designs and a sleek look. Otherwise, the traditional gas-powered engines tend to produce less

power at reduced speeds.

However, there are also disadvantages other than advantages that a hybrid car can

give. The most disadvantage of hybrid cars is the retail price is quite expensive. This modern

hybrid cars is effectively puts them out of reach for many people for the time being. The

cheapest comes in at over 20 000 dollars in the United State, over £16 000 in the United

Kingdom (2007 prices). Of course that some people can buy second hand hybrid car but some

of the older models are not as environmentally friendly and certainly not as user friendly.

Second disadvantage is about the servicing and maintenance of the hybrid cars. Some of the

hybrid cars, normally need to be serviced by the manufacturer because most garages simply

do not have the necessary equipment to do all the necessary routine service jobs. Some

replacement parts carry a hefty price tag. For example, a new battery, could set us back

several thousand dollars. This battery is completely recyclable and also designed to last for

the car’s lifetime as they are rarely be a need for a replacement. Last disadvantage is the

battery itself. Some hybrid cars use metal hydride batteries which in theory, could kill a

person if they were exposed during crach conditions (Sherry Boschert, 2006). This battery

use very high voltages. Another problem, the battery needs recharging at least every two

weeks. So, we need a new battery every 150 000 to 200 000 miles and this is worse than the

average car battery.

No doubt about it, hybrid cars represent a huge step forward toward a greener

motoring future. The various hybrid car disadvantages are sure to be surmounted as the need

for car efficiency and low emissions becomes paramount. Today’s car manufacturers are now

looking for ways to get rid the disadvantages of hybrid cars. In the near future, we will see

the hybrid cars will be lighter and also contains less risk due to high voltage dangers.

Although there are a few hybrid car disadvantages to consider, not least the price, many

people feel that they deliver real benefits and are well worth the investment.

PART B

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such

as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, biomass and geothermal heat, which are naturally replenished

and renewable. Many types of renewable energy such as solar energy, hydropower energy,

biomass energy, wind energy and geothermal energy. Apart from it, non-renewable energy is

energy which is taken from the sources that available in limited quantity and will vanish fifty

to sixty years from now. It is also not environmental friendly and can affect our health. It is

exist in the form of fossil fuel oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear. Sunlight or solar energy can

be used directly for heating, lighting, generating electricity. This energy is derived from the

sun through the form of solar radiation. Geothermal energy’s resources of geothermal energy

range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the

Earth’s surface and even deeper to the magma. This energy used for electricity production

and heat pumps to heat and cool the buildings. Hydropower energy is electricity generated

using the energy of moving water that can be substantial. Rain or melted snow, usually

originating in hills and mountains, create streams and rivers run to the ocean. Wind energy is

the systems that convert the wind’s force into mechanical power to generate electricity or

perform traditionally agricultural tasks. Biomass energy refers to biological material from

living organisms that can be coverted to methane gas, ethanol and biodieselWe can make

organic chemicals, make products such as paints, detergents, polymers, plastics, cosmetics

and some medicines from fossil fuels. While natural gas can be transformed into tiny pockets

of gas with heat and pressure and without oxygen in deep burial. Coal comes from dead

plants which buried and compacted. Nuclear energy is used for weapons and power stations

to create electricity. Further research, shows that these energies have their differences. Using

non-renewable energy may damage our planet by releasing harmful gases which affects our

ozone layer and and contributes to global warming. Renewable energy is the healthier way of

producing energy and can be used directly and indirectly. The processes are used to generate

energy and environment friendly. These could open our eyes to the benefits of using

renewable energy but also our environment to give back to our planet and go green. It has

provided us many years while we do so much harm to it. It is time for us to take care of it

now by using renewable energy.

Words: 1392 words

REFERENCES

http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/hydropower-

profile/

http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/index.cfm

http://www.allhybridcars.com/advantages-of-hybrid-cars.html

http://www.allhybridcars.com/disadvantages-of-hybrid-cars.html

http://www.articlesbase.com/cars-articles/hybrid-cars-advantages-and-disadvantages-

397138.html

http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/energy_definitions/definition_of_wind_energy.html

http://www.greenfootsteps.com/hybrid-car-disadvantages.html

http://www.innoxchange.net/tda/TDA%20Publication/Hybrid%20Cars%20Advantages

%20and%20Disadvantages.pdf

http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/earthresources.htm

http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/home

http://www.renewables-info.com/drawbacks_and_benefits/

hybrid_cars_advantages_and_disadvantages.html

www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws.../description

www.guardian.co.uk/environment/renewableenergy

www.re-energy.ca/

www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/tech/home

Receipt No : 001250

Assignment Submission Receipt

Student ID 770218015450

Course OUMH2103SMP

Title September 2011 : OUMH2103SMP Soalan Tugasan

Due Date 13 November 2011

Submission Date 03 November 2011

Submission Time 17:49:55