Modernization of the Cities of the Ottoman Empire (1800-1920)
Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)
description
Transcript of Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)
![Page 1: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)
![Page 2: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MAIN IDEA The Ottomans established a Muslim
empire that combined many cultures and lasted more than 600 years.
Many modern societies, from Algeria to Turkey, had their origins under Ottoman rule.
![Page 3: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EXTENT OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE
![Page 4: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ATTRIBUTES OF OTTOMANS Allowed religious tolerance Embraced cultural diversity
How is this different from previous civilizations that we have covered?
Positives? Negatives?
![Page 5: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SIEGE OF CONSTANTINOPLE Mehmed II (Mehmed
the Conqueror) Significance:
brought a formal end to the Roman Empire with the fall of the Byzantine Empire
Today known as Istanbul
![Page 6: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CASE STUDY: HAGIA SOPHIA
![Page 7: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WHAT IS IT? Built by
Constantine What city is it in? Originally a
Christian church Eventually
converted to a Muslim mosque after Ottoman takeover
![Page 8: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
VIRGIN MARY WITH CHILD (12TH CENTURY)
![Page 10: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
19TH CENTURY RESTORATIONS
![Page 11: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN DECLINE Reasons
Nationalist revolts Egypt was lost
European pressure
![Page 12: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Middle East in WWI
![Page 13: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS MANDATES
Goal: to guide the former colonies of Germany and Ottoman Empire toward modernization and independence
Reality: opened up Middle East for more foreign involvement
![Page 14: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“New” Countries & Ruling Families Emerge!
The House of Saud newly-created Saudi Arabia. monarchy Islamic and Arab traditions Laws based on Qu’ran
The Pahlavi Family Persia Iran. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk nationalist movement in
Turkey.
![Page 15: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mustafa Kemal “Ataturk” (1881-1938)
What change do you notice from the pictures?
![Page 16: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Ataturk’s Reform Program Nationalism
Capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara.
Translate Qu’ran into Turkish Secularism republican constitution, non-
religious courts Modernization/westernization
Compulsory, secular education. Banning the fez, adopt Western clothing. Western [Roman] script. Women
unveiled given full citizenship and voting rights
![Page 17: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EGYPT TOWARD MODERNIZATION Suez Canal
Goal: cut the travel distance to the east by creating a pathway through Mediterranean and Red Seas
Egypt forced to sell shares
Leads to foreign involvement
Gains independence in 1922 but…
Britain still remains in control
![Page 18: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Oil Discovered! First discovered in Persia in 1908. the sheikh of Kuwait promises
exclusive oil rights to the British. Kuwait became a British protectorate
in November, 1914. In 1927, oil struck in Kirkuk, Iraq,
![Page 19: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Oil Becomes the New International“Coin of the Realm!”
American oil companies [Texaco & Chevron], gainoil concessions 1929 Bahrain 1933 Saudi Arabia.
![Page 20: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IRAN MODERNIZES Similar to Turkish reforms Movement toward secular government Rapid modernization Westernization
![Page 21: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1925, Rezah Khan declared himself SHAH of Iran
created Pahlavi Dynasty. Mohammed Reza Shah
Pahlavi 1953 supports coup
against leftist prime minister Mossadeq
CIA-sponsored dictatorship,
westernization resented by Iranians
1979 Revolution Ayatollah Khomeini
Fundamentalism Hostage crisis
IRAN
![Page 22: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ORIGINS OF ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
![Page 23: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
MAIN IDEAS Division of Palestine after WWII made
the Middle East a hotbed of competing nationalist movements
Conflicts in the Middle East threaten the stability of the world today.
![Page 24: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TWO COMPETING GROUPS
ARABS ISRAELIS
Traditionally Muslim Egypt and Palestine
have biggest issues Different goals
Palestinians want homeland
Egyptians want to be most powerful country in Middle East.
Traditionally Jewish Claimed Jewish land
long before Arab settlement.
Zionism Belief that Jews should
have a homeland Jewish nationalism
![Page 25: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
WHY IN THE MIDDLE EAST? Remember: Judaism
originates in the Middle East
Historic Jewish Kingdoms had been present in this area long before Arab settlement
![Page 26: Ottoman Empire and Decline (1300-1920)](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062222/5681661d550346895dd96efa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ISSUES OF CONTENTION FOR PALESTINIANS