Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis means “porous

bones”

• More than 10 million Americans have osteoporosis;

• Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by progressive loss of bone calcium, thinning and weakening of bone tissue and increased vulnerability to fractures

• Osteoporosis is the underlying cause of 1.5 million fractures every year;

• Spinal vertebral fractures are the most common type of osteoporosis - related fracture

Osteoporosis: The "Silent Thief" As You Age!

• Bones are made of living tissue that is constantly being broken down and formed again;• The balance of bone build-up (formation) and break down (resorption) is controlled by a complex mix of hormones and chemical factors

• Bone resorption is the breakdown of bone by cells known as osteoclasts;• The broken-down bone is replaced by new bone growth, made by cells known as osteoblasts

Calcium: The key to strong bones and lifelong bone

health!

Calcium recommendationsAge

RNI0-12 months - 525mg1-3 years - 350mg4-6 years - 450mg7-10 years - 550mg11-18 years - 800 / 1000mg19+ years - 700mgPregnant women - 700mgBreastfeeding women - 700+550mg

Spinach Yogurt Milk

Orange juice

Salmon

Vitamin D and Parathyroid

Hormone Imbalances

• Low levels of vitamin D and high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with bone density loss in women after menopause;

• Vitamin D is a vitamin with hormone - like properties. It is essential for the absorption of calcium and for normal bone growth. Lower levels result in impaired calcium absorption, which in turn causes an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH)

• Parathyroid hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands. These are four small glands located on the surface of the thyroid gland. They are the most important regulators of calcium levels in the blood;

• When calcium levels are low, the glands secrete more PTH, which then increases blood calcium levels. High persistent levels of PTH stimulate bone resorption (bone mineral loss)

• Child with Rickets;• Vitamin D deficiency can causerickets – knock knee, bow leg

Primary and Secondary

Osteoporosis

• Primary osteoporosis is usuallyage-related and associated with the postmenopausal decline in estrogen levels, or related to calcium and vitamin D insufficiency;• Secondary osteoporosis isosteoporosis caused by other conditions, such as hormonal imbalances, diseases, or medications

Risk Factors for primary Osteoporosis

• Family history of fractures associated with osteoporosis

• Age over 65;• Aging causes bones to thin and weaken

• Female gender - Seventy percent of people with osteoporosis are women;• Men start with higher bone density and lose calcium at a slower rate than women

• Menopause - Estrogen may have an impact on bone density in various ways, including slowing bone breakdown (resorption)

• Low body weight - Osteoporosis is more common in people who have a small, thin body frame and bone structure

• Lifestyle Factors

Risk Factors for primary Osteoporosis

Dietary Factors

• However, if you’re not consuming enough calcium, your body will get it in a different way, pulling it from your bones where it’s stored. That’s why diet is key

Lack of Sunlight

• Vitamin D is made in the skin using energy from the ultraviolet rays in sunlight;Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract and is the essential companion to calcium in maintai-ning strong bones

Tobacco and alcohol use

• Smoking can affect calcium absorption and estrogen levels;

• Consuming too much alcohol can also put people at risk for falls and breaks

Exercise

• Lack of exercise and a sedentary lifestyle increases the risk for osteoporosis

What Are the Symptoms of Osteoporosis?

In the early stages of bone loss, you usually have no pain or other symptoms. But once bones have been weakened by osteoporosis, you may have:

• Back pain, caused by a fractured or collapsed vertebra;

• Loss of height over time; • A stooped posture;

• A bone fracture that occurs much more easily than expected

What happens to vertebrae (bones of the spine) as a result of osteoporotic fractures?

1. Wedge fractures;2. Biconcave;3. Compression;4. Normal vertebrae

Thank you !