OSTEOPOROSIS

WHAT IS OSTEOPOROSIS?Osteoporosis (porous bones) is a progressive bone disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density which can lead to an increased risk of fracture.

IF

IF YOU LOOK AT HEALTHY BONE UNDER A MICROSCOPE,YOU WILL SEE THAT PARTS OF IT LOOK LIKE A HONEYCOMB

IF YOU HAVE

OSTEOPOROSIS,THE HOLES AND SPACES INTHE HONEYCOMB ARE MUCHBIGGER THAN THEY ARE INHEALTHY BONE.

BROKEN BONESDUE TO OSTEOPO-ROSIS ARE MOSTLIKELY TO OCCURIN THE HIP,SPINEAND WRIST,BUT OTHER BONESCAN BREAK TOO.

YOUR BONES ARE MADE UP OF THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS THATMAKE THEM FLEXIBLE AND STRONG Collagen a protein that

gives

bones a flexible framework

2.Calcium-phosphate mineral

complexes that make bones

hard and strong.

3.Living bone cells

that remove and

replace weakened

section of bone.

OSTEOPOROSIS DEVELOPS VERY SLOW-LY OVER A PERIOD OF MANY YEARS.EARLY SINGS OF OSTEOPOROSIS MAYINCLUDE: JOINT PAINS DIFFICULTY STANDING DIFFICULTY SITTING UP STRAIGHT

SYMPTOMS

1.Osteoporosis itself has no symptoms 2.Its main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures

COMPLICATION

HIP FRACTURES CAN LEAD TO DECREASEDMOBILITY AND ADDITIONAL RISK OF NU-MEROUS COMPLICATION,SUCH AS DEEP

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

PULMONARY EMBO-LISM

PNEUMONIA

What are the risk factors

of osteoporosis?

1.AGE2.ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY FOLLOWING MENOPAUSE OR OOPHORECTOMI3.DECREASE IN TESTOSTERONE4.FAMILY HISTORY5.THE HERITABILITY OF THE FRACTURE6.PEOPLE WITH SMALL FRAMES7.ETHNICITY

8.GASTRIC CANCER9.HIV

10.VITAMIN D,CA DEFICIENCY11.EXCESS ALKOHOL12.TOBACCO SMOKING13.EXCESS SODIUM 14.HIGH BLOOD ACIDITY MAY BE DIET-RELATED AND IS A KNOWN ANTAGONIST OF BONE15.PHYSICAL INACTIVITY16.HEAVY METALS17.SOFT DRINK18.IMMOBILIZATION CAUSES BONE LOSS19.MALNUTRITION20.ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

21.HYPOGONADAE STATES CAN CAUSE SECON-DARY OSTEOPOROSIS THESE INCLUDE TURNER SYNDROME,KALLMAN SYNDROME,ANOREXIA NERVOSA,ANDROPAUSE,HYPOTHALAMIC AME-NORRHEA OR HYPERPROLACTINEMIA22.RATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOLOGIC DISORDERS23.RENAL INSUFFICIENCY24.HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS25.PEOPLE WITH SCOLIOSIS OF UNKNOWN CAUSE26.PEOPLE WHO USE GLUCOCORTICOIDS BARBITURATES ANTIEPILEPTICS L-THYROXINE THIAZOLIDINEDIONES

ANTICOAGULANTS-LONG TERM USE PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS,THIS IS THOUGHT TO INTERFERE WITH CALCIUM ABSORPTION CHRONIC LITHIUM THERAPY

HOW IS OSTEOPOROSIS DIAGNOSED ?

ULTRASOUNDDUAL-PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRYCOMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHYDUALENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRYBLOOD TESTS

OSTEOPOROSIS PREVENTION SHOULD BEGIN IN CHILDHOOD. WHATEVER YOUR AGE,THE HABITS YOUADOPT NOW CAN AFFECT YOUR BONE HEALTH FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE.

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO PROTECT YOUR BONES?

NOW IS THE TIME TO TAKE ACTION!

START NOW!

EAT FOODS THAT ARE GOOD FOR BONE HEALTH,SUCH AS FRUITS AND VEGETABLES.

GET ENOUGH CALCIUM

AND VITAMIN D

ENGAGE IN REGULAR EXERCISE

AVOID SMOKING AND LIMIT ALKOHOL

HORMONE-REPLACEMENT THERAPYREPLACING OF ESTROGEN CAN REDUCETHE LIKELIHOOD OF FRACTURES BUTCAN INCREASE THE RISK FOR BREASTCANCER IN SOME WOMEN