Borre, Jessa Anne R.

OSTEOSARCOMA

bone cancer that typically develops in the shinbone (tibia) near the knee, the thighbone (femur) near the knee, or the upper arm bone (humerus) near the shoulder.

It is the most common type of bone cancer in children.

Predisposing factors

PEARL HARBOR:

Paget's disease (10-20%)* ( abnormal bone destruction and regrowth)Early age (10-20 yrs)Around kneeRaised periosteum by expanding tumor: "sunburst pattern" Lace-like architecture

Hyaline arteoriosclerosisAlkaline phosphatase increasedRetinoblastoma*Boys, predominantlyOsteomyelitis DDxRadiation

Signs and symptoms:

bone pain (in motion, at rest, or when lifting objects)

bone fractures

swelling

redness

limping

limitation of motion of joints

Diagnostic Procedures

X-ray

MRI

CT scan

Biopsy

Sternal marrow puncture

Treatment:

Chemotheraphy

Surgery

Nursing Intervention

1. Provide quiet environment and calm activities to prevent or lessen pain.

2. Provide comfort measure such as back rub, change position and use of heat or

cold application.

3. Encourage diversional activities

4. Administer analgesics as indicated to maximal dose as needed.

5. Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake.

6. Encourage rest periods to prevent fatigue.

7. Provide accurate information about the situation, medication and treatment.

8. Assess muscle strength, gross and fine motor coordination.

9. Provide pillows for cushion and support.

10. Keep side rails up all the time.