Osteichthyes - Grants Pass School District · • Class: Osteichthyes • Examples: salmon, perch,...
Transcript of Osteichthyes - Grants Pass School District · • Class: Osteichthyes • Examples: salmon, perch,...
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Osteichthyes
The bony fish
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Classification• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Subphylum: Vertebrata
• Class: Osteichthyes
• Examples: salmon, perch,
clown fish, puffer fish, tuna
TONS OF
DIVERSITY IN
BODY SHAPE,
SIZE AND
COLORATION!
Blob Fish
Mandarin gobi
Clown Fish
Puffer Fish
Angelfish
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Flying fish
Gulper eel
Tripod fish
There are many unique adaptations from the basic
fish shape we are all familiar with.
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Flounder
Halibut
Mola Mola
Some fish have flat body plans.
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Box fish
Box fish
Longhorn cowfish
Some fish have more
boxy body plans.
Smooth Trunkfish
Blue boxfish
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Hairy frogfish
Painted frogfish
Stone fish (Synanceia verrucosa)
Some fish are a bit
more random.
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Hairy anglerfishWarty anglerfish
Wolftrap anglerfish
Monkfish
Deep sea anglerfishUnique
hunting
styles are
not
uncommon
in this
class.
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Seahorse
Camouflage is very important to many species.
Seahorse camouflageBargibant’s pygmy seahorse
Frogfish camouflaging as a sponge
Flatfish camouflage
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Seahorse
Camouflage is very important to many species.
Seahorse camouflageBargibant’s pygmy seahorse
Frogfish camouflaging as a sponge
Flatfish camouflage
Stonefish camouflage
Stonefish camouflage
Frogfish camouflage
Kelp fish camouflage
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Oreo fish
Pineapple fish
Oreo fish
Lemon peel angelfish
Frillfin turkeyfish
Fish are friends,
not food?
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Humuhumunukunukuapua a
A few of my favorites!
Leafy sea dragonMandarin goby
Parrot fish
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General Lifestyle
• Range in size from tiny to huge.
– Largest bony fish is the Mola Mola or
Sunfish. It can reach 14 feet vertically and
10 feet horizontally and weigh over two tons.
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General Lifestyle• Found in all types
of water: warm,
cold, salt, fresh
• Some fish migrate
hundreds or
thousands of miles
to spawn. We
think they locate
spawning grounds
by the smell.
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Spawning• Catadromous
– Spawn in salt water, go to fresh water to
grow into adults, go back to salt water to
spawn (sturgeon)
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Spawning
• Anadromous
– Spawn in fresh water, go to salt water to
grow into adults, go back to fresh water to
spawn (salmon, steelhead)
Spawning coho salmon Oceanic coho salmon
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Coloration
• Look at the coloration of your fish. What
do you notice?
– Is it all the same color?
– Are there areas of light and dark?
– Why do you think they have this coloration?
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General Lifestyle
• Many fish exhibit counter shading.
– Dark on dorsal side (top)
– Light on ventral side (bottom)
– Helps to protect them from predation, makes
them harder to see.
Be sure to color
in the fish on
your notes as
an example of
countershading.
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General Lifestyle
• Exothermic (cold blooded)
– Body temperature is same as surrounding
environment.
– Some larger, fast moving fish like the tuna
have a primitive form of endothermy (warm
bloodedness).
Yellow Finned Tuna
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Structure
• Endoskeleton made of bone
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Tail Structure
• There are two major types of tail fin
(caudal fin) in fish. One is homocercal
and one is heterocercal.
• Look at your fish. Does it have a
homocercal or heterocercal caudal fin?
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Tail Structure
Tail usually homocercal
in the bony fish.
(Cartilaginous fish like
sharks have heterocercal
tails.)
Blue parrot fish
Draw a representation of
these tails on your notes so
you can tell the difference.
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Scales• Body covered with scales and mucus
– 1. Increases swimming efficiency
(decreases drag in the water).
– 2. Makes fish harder to catch.
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• There are four
different types of
fish scales.
• Look at your
goldfish’s scales
closely. Can you
determine which
type of scale it
has? Hint: it is one
of these two.
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• Goldfish have
cycloid scales.
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Scales– 3. Three types of scales in the bony fish. (The other
type, placoid, is only found in the cartilaginous fish like
sharks.)
• A: ganoid (long nosed gar,
sea bass, “less evolved,
lower” fish)
• B: cycloid (carp, salmon)
• C: ctenoid (perch, bass,
“more evolved, higher” fish)
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• Respiration is by gills via
diffusion.
• Gills are covered by a bony
covering called an operculum.
Gills
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Operculum
• 1. Locate the operculum on your fish.
• 2. Watch your fish’s mouth and the
movement of the operculum.
– What correlation do you see between the two?
– What do you think is the function of the
operculum?
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Lateral Line
• A row of sensory scales down each side
of the fish.
• Detects vibrations in the water.
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Lateral Line
• Locate the lateral line on your fish.
GENTLY tap the side of the beaker.
Does your fish respond? He/she has
felt those vibrations with its lateral line.
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Fins• Paired fins
– Exceptions: caudal fin, dorsal fin, and anal fin
– Sometimes the adipose fin is called a second
dorsal fin if it is large (some fish only have the
first dorsal fin).
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1. Label the fins of the fish on your notes.
2.Locate the fins on your specimen.
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Fin Function• Locate and name all the fins on your fish.
• Watch closely. Can you determine what
the function of each fin is? Some are
easier to determine than others.
___________fin: helps keep body upright
___________fin: provides forward motion
___________fin: helps keep body upright
___________fin: secondary fin that turns
left/right and backwards
___________fin: main fin that turns fish left/right
and moves fish backwards
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Fin Function• Dorsal fin: helps keep body upright
• Caudal fin: provides forward motion
• Anal fin: helps keep body upright
• Pelvic fin: secondary fin that turns left/right
and backwards
• Pectoral fin: main fin that
turns fish left/right and
moves fish backwards
Notice how the fin is turned
differently depending on what
movement the fish wants to do.
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Two types of finned fish
• 1--Lobed finned fish• Known only as a fossil until 1938
• Has paddle-like fins with a fleshy base
• Example: Coelacanth
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Two types of finned fish
2. Ray finned fish
-Fins are supported by stiff rays and/or
bony spines.
-Most bony fish are in this group.
Lion fish
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• Note the differences
in the pectoral fins of
the ray-finned fish
(left) and the lobed
fin fish (right)
• Many scientists
believe the lobed fin
fish are the ancient
ancestors of the early
amphibians.
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Ray finned or lobed finned?
• Look at your fish. Is it a ray-finned fish
or a lobed fin fish?
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Swim Bladder
• This is a bag of gas used for buoyancy
(to control depth).
• Almost all fish
have one. Those
that don’t, sink
if they stop
moving (sharks).
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How a swim bladder works
• Decrease gas = fish goes down
• Increase gas = fish goes up
• Fish change gas
content by gulping
air or by diffusion
of gasses from
blood stream.
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Please carefully return your fish to the lab
bench where you got it.