Osmoregulation in fishes. Osmosis The phenomenon of water flow through a semi-permeable membrane...
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Osmoregulation in fishes
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Osmosis• The phenomenon of water flow through
a semi-permeable membrane that blocks the transport of salts or other solutes through it
• van't Hoff formula for osmotic pressure:
p = cRT
– c is the molar solute concentration– R is the gas constant– T is the absolute temperature
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Osmoregulation
• Osmoconformer•only Hagfish (Myxini)
• Osmoregulators•Lampreys, elasmobranchs and
teleosts
• Stenohaline• Euryhaline
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• Accumulation of organic osmolytes (metabolic by-products):– Urea– TMAO (Trimethylamine n-oxide)
• Protein stabilization properties
• Achieve a slightly higher osmotic pressure than seawater
• FW sharks and rays do not accumulate urea/TMAO
Elasmobranch osmoregulation in SW
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Elasmobranch osmoregulation in SW
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Osmotic gradients in teleosts
High salinity Low salinity
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FW SW
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Teleost osmoregulation in SW
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Chloride CellSaltawater teleost
Location:Gill & Operculum epithelia
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Chloride CellSaltawater teleost
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Teleost osmoregulation in FW
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“Chloride” CellFreshwater teleost
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FundulidaeMummichogFundulus heteroclitus
•Keep cholride cells at all times, even when in freshwater
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SalmonidaeAtlantic salmonSalmo salar
•Develop more chloride and accesory cells when migrate to SW (parr-smolt)
•Degenereration of chloride- accessory cell complexes when returning to FW (adults)