BeforeDuringShaking After

BeforeDuringShaking After

Fish in Fresh Water

Consequences1. Water and salt movements screw up

salt concentrations in fish blood

-Nerves quit functioning: Na, K, Cl

-Muscles quit functioning: Na, K, Cl

2. Osmotic pressure !

Cell in blood Cell moved to fresh water

Cell a few moments later

Bang !

Water

Salt

8.5g salt /l

Cell in blood Cell in salty water

Salt

Salt

Water

Freshwater Fish

Freshwater Bony Fish Blood

Water

Salt

ATP

ADP + P + Energy

Cl+

Na+

Cl+

Na+ Cl+

Na+

Cell membrane

Pump

Out

Inside

Pumps Foundin

the gills

ChlorideCells

GillFilament

Lamellae

Chloride cells pump ions into FW fish

What happens if we pump a whole bunch of charged ions around?

Make a Trade !

+

+

ProteinDigestion

Energy Ammonia+

(Ammonia is NH3)

+ Trade Goods

NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-

Ammonia Water Ammoniumions

Hydroxideions

Na+ NH4+

Na+ NH4+

Na+ NH4+

Chloride

Cell

Gill

Chloride

Cell

Chloride

Cell

Sugar + Oxygen

Energy + Carbon Dioxide + Water

Or...

C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

- Trade Goods

CO2 + H2O HCO3- + H+

CarbonDioxide

Water BicarbonateIons

HydrogenIons

Cl- HCO3-

Cl- HCO3-

Cl- HCO3-

Chloride

Cell

Gill

Chloride

Cell

Chloride

Cell

Cl-

Na+

K+

HCO3-

NH4+

Gill

Ca++

Introto KidneyFunction

Afferent Artery Efferent Artery

Filtrate

GlomerulusCapillary Tuft

Bowman’sCapsule

Tubule

Molecules too large to pass through the walls of the capillary usually stay in the blood.

A small undesirable molecule is allowed to escape

A large undesirable molecule is actively secreted into the tubule

A small but desirable molecule is recovered in the tubule

In FW Fish• Fish gain water and loose salt

– Kidney• Makes a lot of dilute urine

– Gills (chloride cells)• Sodium in for Ammonium out• Chloride in for Bicarbonate out• Calcium and potassium in

Marine Fish

Saltwater Bony Fish

Water

Salt

Marine FishGain salt,

Loose water

Seawater ions

•Na+

•K +

•Cl -

•Ca++

•Mg ++

•SO4 --

Seawater ions

•Na+

•K +

•Cl -

•Ca++

•Mg ++

•SO4 --

Monovalent Divalent

Gill

Cl-

Na+

K+

Marine Fish Kidney

No glomerulus

Mg++, Ca++, and SO4--

ions secreted into urine by tubule cells.

To get rid of divalent ions…

Esophogus IntestineStomach

Seawater

Marine Fish Stomach

For water, fish drink.

SeawaterIntestine

Water H2OSodium Na+

Potassium K+

Chloride Cl-

Calcium Ca++

Magnesium Mg++

To Blood

To Feces

In Ocean Fish• Fish loose water and gain salt

– Drink Water– Kidney

•Makes small amount of concentrated urine•Secretes divalent ions

– Gills (chloride cells)•Sodium out•Chloride out•Potassium out

Sharks

Saltwater Shark

Water

Salt

=Trimethylamine oxide (TMO) and Urea

Sharks•Salt in–Divalents secreted by kidney

–Monovalents secreted by rectal/chloride gland

•Water ok: Urea/TMO

Saltwater Hagfish

Water

Salt