Oslo, Norway Latitude: 59° 54' 36" N Longitude: / 10° 45' 00" E
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Transcript of Oslo, Norway Latitude: 59° 54' 36" N Longitude: / 10° 45' 00" E
Oslo, NorwayLatitude: 59° 54' 36" N Longitude: / 10° 45' 00" E
Parameters:+/- 10 degrees for 30% of the year
Wind from South East (summer)
Wind from North (All other seasons)
No significant rainfall
Response:Winter Block Northern winds Solar gain from the South Thermal mass heat gain Small surface areaSummer Opening from South East for summer winds No heat gain No cross ventilation Spring/ Fall Solar gain from the South Block winds Thermal mass
SIMPLE VOLUMEACTIVE SKIN
COMPLEX VOLUMESIMPLE SKIN
Office lower than lab for maximum heat gain (South)Core blocks summer sun (West)Glass South façade for both office and lab (heat gain)Solid North façade to block Northern windsHeight of office shades parking
Cores and Lab block Northern windsLow offices for heat gain to all areasOffices face south for maximum heat gainThermal mas entry for the lab (facing south)South open for summer winds and heat gain for parked cars
East Elevation
Beijing, China
Latitude: 39° 55' 44" NLongitude: 116° 23' 18" E
PARAMETERS
- LARGE FLUCTUATIONS IN TEMPERATURE THROUGH DIFFERENT SEASONS
- NO PRIMARY WIND DIRECTION- NO SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL- HOT, HUMID SUMMER MONTHS- DRY, COLD WINTER MONTHS
RESPONSES
SUMMER:- BLOCK SUNLIGHT FROM ENTERING BUILDING- SHADING OF PEDESTRIAN SURFACES- UTILIZE STACK VENTILATION TO MOVE AIR THROUGH
BUILDING
WINTER:- HEAT GAIN THROUGH LARGE SUNLIGHTS - PLACE CORES TO BLOCK HARSH WIND FROM
CIRCULATION
Complex Structure/Simple Skin
- Elevated Research Facility provides natural shading for parking area as well as walkway to entrance
- Cores placed to block wind and morning sunlight from entry/main space
- Stacked structures allow for stack ventilation
- Lowered office spaced allow cooler air to be retained
- Reflective material prevents heat gain through roof during the day
- South-facing large glass to increase passive solar gain during winter
- Overhanging roof blocks direct sun during summer, but allows the rays to penetrate during colder months
- Double façade acts as a buffer to increase thermal performance against varying conditions
Simple Structure/Active Skin
Stack Ventilation
Summer Sun
Winter Sun
Radiation
Nairobi, KenyaLatitude: 1° 16' S Longitude: 36° 48' E
PARAMETERS:
-WIND FROM East (SUMMER)
-MIX WIND FROM EAST/WEST (ALL OTHER SEASONS)
-NO SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL
RESPONSE:
WINTER -HEAT GAIN THROUGH SUN-THERMAL MASSING
TO STORE IN DAY/ RELEASE HEAT IN NIGHT
SUMMER -NO HEAT GAIN – SHADING OF SURFACES, OPENING WALLS FOR CROSS VENTILATION
-THERMAL MASS VENTILATED AT NIGHT-COLUMNS FOR CROSS VENTILATION AND
COOLING
SG/FA -NO HEAT GAIN-THERMAL MASS TO HEAT AT NIGHT-CROSS VENTILATION
-NATURAL VENTILATION
SIMPLE VOLUMEACTIVE SKIN
-OVERHANG PROTECTS SOUTH FAÇADE FROM SUN-OPPERABLE OPENING WALLS FOR CROSS VENTILATION-RAISED WITH COLUMNS FOR PASSIVE COOLING-THERMAL MASSING FOR OFFICES-PARKING LOCATED ON NW SIDE UNDER RESEARCH SHADED
COMPLEX VOLUMESIMPLE SKIN
-THICK WALLS FOR THERMAL MASSING ON ALL SIDES OF FACADE-OFFICES ON E AND W FOR LITTLE SUN -REASERCH CENTER RAISED TO PROMOTE X-VENT-HIGH WINDOWS ON E AND W PRODUCING NATURALLIGHT FOR RESEARCH-MORE HEAT LOSS AT NIGHT PREVENTED BY THICK WALLS
• Large Amount of Precipitation
• High Temperatures
• Prevailing Winds from the South East.
Miami Climate: Hot and Humid
PARAMETERS:
+/- 20 DEGREES FOR 75% OF THE YEAR
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE:98 DEGREES (AUGUST)
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE:37 DEGREES (DECEMBER)
WIND FROM NORTH,SOUTHWEST (SUMMER)
WIND FROM NORTH (ALL OTHER SEASONS)
MAXIMUM RAINFALL:80mm (DECEMBER)
MINIMUM RAINFALL:6mm (JULY,AUGUST)
RESPONSE:
WINTER HEAT GAIN THROUGH SUNTHERMAL MASS TO
STORE /RELEASE HEATBLOCK DOMINANT
WIND (COLD)
SUMMER NO HEAT GAIN – SHADING OF SURFACES
TREES,OPENINGSTHERMAL MASS
VENTILATED ALL DAYCROSS VENTILATION FOR COOLING
SG/FA NO HEAT GAINCROSS
VENTILATION
ALL SEASONS COOLING ADD
DEHUMIDFICATION
SIMPLE VOLUMEACTIVE SKIN
DOUBLE FACADE TO EAST AND NORTH ELEVATION HUNG LOUVERS TO NORTH FACADE PREVENT HEAT GAINEXTERNAL SHADING ELEMENT COVERS PARKINGTHE OVERHANG AND THE TREES PREVENT THE SUMMER SUN
COMPLEX VOLUMESIMPLE SKIN
OVAL SHAPE OF THE BUILDIND:PREVENTION FROM WINTER WINDOPENINGS ON THE TOP AND THE BOTTOM FOR CROSS VENTILATIONTHE OVERHANG BLOCKS THE SUMMER SUN
Simple Volume Active Skin
Darwin, AustraliaLatitude: 12° 25’ 48” SLongitude: 130° 51’ 00” EMonsoonal Tropical Climate
About Darwin, Australia
Climatic Settings
Abundance Amount of Rainfall High and Humid Temperatures
Climatic Settings
N E
SWN
S W
E
Climatic Settings
Solar Path on December 21, 2011 Solar Path on June 21, 2011
Complex Volume, Simple Skin
Research Space Office
Climatic Responses
N
PARAMETERS:
- TEMPERATURE - DEC – MAR ARE WITHIN COMFORT ZONE, BUT APR - NOV ARE BELOW COMFORT ZONE (AROUND 10 DEGREES F BELOW)- WIND VELOCITY - ALL MONTHS ARE BELOW 10MPH EXCEPT FEB.- WIND MOSTLY FROM SE ALL YEAR ROUND- HUMIDITY - HIGH HUMIDITY ALL YEAR ROUND (OVER 70%) MOSTLY FROM SE, (MIGHT'VE BEEN CARRIED FROM THE OCEAN AND THE WIND)
RESPONSE:• WINTER: THERMAL MASSINTERNAL HEAT GAIN• SUMMER: SUN SHADING OF WINDOWS.NATURAL VENTILATION COOLING.• SG/FA: NO WIND PROTECTING FOR
OUTDOOR SPACES
• BUILDING IS POSITION ON SITE TO RECEIVE ALL NW AND SE WINDS FOR CROSS VENTILATION.
• A SEPERATED FLAT AND SLOPED ROOF FOR CROSS VENTILATION REDUCING SOLAR GAIN.• INTERIOR/ EXTERIOR POOL FOR AIR CIRCULATION/ NATURAL AIR
COOLENT • NW WALL IS THICK FOR THERMAL MASS TO BLOCK OUT HEAT
DURING THE DAY AND RELEASE HEAT AT NIGHT.• SHADED AREA FOR PARKING
OFFICES
RESEARCHPARKING CORES
Bangor, MaineLatitude: 44.8° NLongitude: 8.9° W
Factors
• Cold Wind During Most Months
• Low Temperatures
• Snow fall
Response
• Thermal Mass• Windows Facing The Sun For Solar Gain• Large Surface Area to Assist With Solar Gain• Masonry walls for Thermal Mass• High Pitched Roofs To Protect From Snow/Rain
Sun Angle
July Noon Sun Angle 44
February Noon Sun Angle 8