HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK

ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL

(HIRARC)

• Hazard, Risk & Danger

• Types of Hazard

• Risk Control

• Proper & Safe Method in Deploying Portable Fire

Extinguishers/Hose Reels

PART 1

WHAT IS A HAZARD?

H I R A R C

WHAT IS HAZARD?? A source or a situation with a potential for

harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment or a combination of these

Anything that may have the potential to result in injury or harm to the health of a person.

Unsafe condition or practice that could cause an injury or illness to an employee – specific for manufacturing

A condition or practice with a potential for accidental loss. A tiger is a hazard – It has the potential to cause loss

H I R A R C

hazard???

H I R A R C

WHAT IS RISK?? A combination of the likelihood of an

occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage to the health of people, property, environment or any combination of these caused by the event.

The probability of that injury or harm to occur

The likelihood of an accident happening because of a hazard. If there is no potential victim, there is no risk. The nearer the person is to the hazard, the greater the risk.

Risk = Likelihood x Consequence/Severity

H I R A R C

Danger : Relative exposure to a hazard

H I R A R C

WHAT IS DANGER??

What is the HAZARD, &

what is the RISK

H I R A R C

What is the HAZARD, &

what is the RISK

H I R A R C

1. The obvious hazard : apparent to the human senses,

e.g. unguarded machinery, building defect

2. The concealed hazard : not apparent to the human

senses, e.g. electricity, non-smelling toxic vapours,

pressure

3. The developing hazard : cannot be recognized

immediately, will develop over time, e.g. worn tyre,

frayed steel cables

4. The transient hazard : intermittent hazard, e.g.

overloading, sticking safety valve

H I R A R C

1. MAN

2. MACHINERY / EQUIPMENT

3. MATERIAL / SUBSTANCE

4. METHOD / ACTIVITY

5. SITUATION

6. DESIGN

7. ENERGY

H I R A R C

MAN

H I R A R C

MACHINERY / EQUIPMENT

H I R A R C

MATERIALS / SUBSTANCE

H I R A R C

H I R A R C

METHOD / ACTIVITY

H I R A R C

The identity and severity of each hazards in each work activities must be

determined and characterised

PERSON AT WORK

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

H I R A R C

HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

1. PHYSICAL

2. CHEMICAL

3. BIOLOGICAL

4. PYSCHOSOCIAL

5. ERGONOMIC

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

NOISE

HEAT, HOT SURFACES

VENTILATION

CONFINED SPACE

RADIATION NORM

VIBRATION

PRESSURE waterjetting

MACHINERY

ELECTRICITY

H I R A R C

MECHANICAL Pinch points,sharp

points and

edges,overload or force

a tool beyond its

capabilities and grinding

wheel without guard

H I R A R C

ELECTRICAL Electrical cord

insulation

damaged,electrical face

plate or cover broken

or missing and fan cord

insulation pulled loose

H I R A R C

Unsafe Use of Electricity Faulty Electrical Appliances

Faulty Three-Pin Plugs

Illegal Extensions

H I R A R C

THE WATER HEATER

H I R A R C

HUSBAND AND WIFE ...

H I R A R C

1. PHYSICAL

2. CHEMICAL

3. BIOLOGICAL

4. PYSCHOSOCIAL

5. ERGONOMIC

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

GASES, VAPOURS painting

LIQUIDS : ACIDS, ALKALI

DUSTS, MIST,S FUMES

SMOKE

POISONS

◦ CARCINOGEN

◦ GENETIC POISONS

◦ PESTICIDE

AEROSOLS, FLAMMABLES

IRRITANTS cleaning with diesel

HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

H I R A R C

CHEMICAL

Exposed to carcinogens

chemicals,sensitizers

and corrosive chemicals

H I R A R C

Physico-chemical

• Explosive

• Reactive / oxidizing

• Extremely flammable

• Highly flammable

• flammable

Control

• Proper labeling

• Availability of CSDS

• Segregation of

reactive material

• Keeping flammables

away from sources of

ignition

• Use of PPE – fire

retardant clothing

CHEMICALS : Effects on

Safety

H I R A R C

CHEMICALS :

Modes of Entry

● Ingestion

● Injection

● Inhalation

●Contact with eye, nose,

throat & skin

H I R A R C

Acute effects:

• Simple Asphyxiation

• Chemical Asphyxiation

• Anesthetic

• Neurotoxic

• Irritant

• Corrosive

• Allergies

• Organ Damage

Chronic effects:

• Carcinogenicity

• Mutagenicity

• Teratogenicity

• Reproductive

• Organ Damage

CHEMICALS : Effects on

Health

H I R A R C

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

H I R A R C

HOW DOES ALCOHOL AFFECT PHYSICAL

AND MENTAL BEHAVIOUR?

BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL

PER 100 ML EFFECTS

600 mg

500 mg

400 mg

200 mg

150 mg

80 mg

50 mg

30 mg 1 pint of beer

1 1/2 pints of beer

or 3 whiskies

2 1/2 pints of beer

or 5 whiskies

5 pints of beer

or 10 whiskies

6 pints of beer

or 13 whiskies

3/4 bottle of spirits

1 bottle of spirits

Likelihood of having an accident

starts to increase.

One becomes more cheerful.

A feeling of warmth. - IMPAIRMENT

OF JUDGMENT & INHIBITION

Loss of driving license.

Loss of self control, exuberance,

quarrelsomeness, slurred speech.

Stagger, double vision,

memory loss.

Oblivion, sleepiness, coma.

Death possible.

Death certain.

NO. OF DRINKS

CIGARETTES

1. PHYSICAL

2. CHEMICAL

3. BIOLOGICAL

4. PYSCHOSOCIAL

5. ERGONOMIC

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA - BACTERIA ( AIR-COND SYSTEM WATER SUPPLY ) [ PNEUMONIA ]

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS - HIV

ORGANIC DUST, MOLD, FUNGI - ASTHMA / DERMATITIS

FLOUR & GRAIN DUST - ASTHMA

RHINOVIRUS - COMMON COLD

ENZYME ALCALASE - LAUNDRY DETERGENT [ALLERGIC - ASTHMA ]

INSECT STINGS, ANIMAL BITES

HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

H I R A R C

BIOLOGICAL

Exposed to airbone and

blood borne

viruses,bacteria and

fungus

H I R A R C

H I R A R C

H I R A R C

WHAT HAPPEN HERE??

H I R A R C

H I R A R C

INFECTION CHAIN

Infection control = break any one or more links in the infection chain

Retention :

Susceptible

Host

Pathogen

Portal of

Exit Escape

from

reservoir

Transmission

through

environment

Portal of

entry

Susceptible

Host

BREAK

THAT

CHAIN!

H I R A R C

H I R A R C

1. PHYSICAL

2. CHEMICAL

3. BIOLOGICAL

4. PYSCHOSOCIAL

5. ERGONOMIC

PSYCHO-SOCIAL PROBLEMS

SEXUAL HARRASSMENT

PEER PRESSURE

HEAVY WORKLOADS, DATELINES

LACK OF CONTROL OVER PACE OF WORK

SHIFT WORK

WORKING ALONE

CONFLICTS CO-WORKERS, etc

SOCIAL PROBLEMS : S.O.L.V.E.

JOB SECURITY

DRUG ABUSE

HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

H I R A R C

PHYCHOSOCIAL

Stress, sexual

harassment and violent

at work

H I R A R C

1. PHYSICAL

2. CHEMICAL

3. BIOLOGICAL

4. PYSCHO-SOCIAL

5. ERGONOMIC

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS

WORKPLACE DESIGN

POOR LIGHTING

LAY-OUT OF WORKSTATION

EXCESSIVE MANUAL

HANDLING vibration

DESIGN OF TOOLS

REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS

ceramics

HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE

H I R A R C

ERGONOMIC

Repeated exposure to

unnatural postures and

unnatural movement,

wrong design of work

station, tools and task

H I R A R C

MANUAL HANDLING Types of Internal Injury :

Torn ligament and muscles – back

Damaged joints – knees, ankle, shoulder, hand

Slipped disc, Hernia, ??

H I R A R C

MANUAL HANDLING

Factories & Machinery Act 1967

◦ Section 12 – “No one shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load that could cause bodily injury.”

H I R A R C

EARLY DETECTION AND

REPORTING OF SYMPTOMS

Continuous pain after weeks of involvement in new job

Sudden pain in worker that has been on the same job for

a long time

Pain that is getting worse

Pain that is centered at certain muscles

Signs of numbness and aches

Signs of redness and swelling

H I R A R C

ERGONOMICS RISK FACTORS

Contributing Factors

◦ Awkward Posture

◦ Excessive Force

◦ Repetitive Motion

◦ Static Loading

◦ Contact Stress

Environmental Factors

■ Noise

■ Temperature

■ Lighting/glare

■ Vibration

H I R A R C

48

1. Keep everything within easy reach

2. Work at proper height

3. Reduce excessive force

4. Work in good posture

5. Reduce excessive repetition

6. Minimize fatigue

7. Minimize direct pressure

8. Provide adjustability and change of posture

9. Provide clearance and access

10. Maintain a comfortable environment

11. Enhance clarity and understanding

12. Improve work organisation

12 ERGONOMICS PRINCIPLES

H I R A R C