OSH Risk Assessment

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Chapter 6:

RISK ASSESSMENT

By:

Dr. Mior Ahmad Khushairi Bin Mohd ZahariLecturer, FKKSA, UMP09-5492837/[email protected];[email protected]

BKB3533

OSH in Chemical Biotechnology

Industries


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Objectives

Describe risk assessment

Construct Fault Tree diagram


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INTRODUCTION

The term risk assessment comes from the insuranceindustry & was one stage in their process of determiningand spreading liabilities they carried.

Objective:

to identify hazards so that action can be taken toeliminate, reduce or control them before accident

that cause damage or injury occur.


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What is Risk Assessment ?

Risk assessment is the process where you: identify hazards,

analyze or evaluate the risk associated with that hazard, and

determine appropriate ways to eliminate or control the hazard.

In practical terms, a risk assessment is a thorough look at yourworkplace to identify those things, situations, processes, etc that maycause harm, particularly to people. After identification is made, you

evaluate how likely and severe the risk is, and then decide whatmeasures should be in place to effectively prevent or control the harmfrom happening.


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Why is Risk Assessment important?

Risk assessments are very important as they form anintegral part of a good occupational health and safetymanagement plan.They help to:

create awareness of hazards and risks,

identify who may be at risk (employees, cleaners, visitors,contractors, the public, etc),

determine if existing control measures are adequate or ifmore should be done,

prevent injuries or illnesses when done at the design orplanning stage, and

prioritize hazards and control measures.


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What is a goal of Risk Assessment ?

The aim of the risk assessment process is to remove a hazardor reduce the level of its risk by adding precautions orcontrol measures, as necessary. By doing so, you have

created a safer and healthier workplace.


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Fault Tree Analysis

Fault Tree is a method by which a particular undesiredsystem failure mode can be expressed in terms ofcomponent failure modes and operator actions.

The system failure mode to be considered is termed thetop event and fault tree is developed in branches belowthis event showing it causes.


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Fault Tree Procedure

1. Draw the top event2. Determine major events that contribute to the top event

3. ParallelAND; SeriesOR

4. Consider the intermediate events, what events must occurto contribute to that intermediate event?

5. Continue until all the branches terminated by basic,undeveloped or external events.


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Flat Tire

Flat Tire

Tire FailureRoad

Debris

DefectiveTire

Worn Tire

Well defined

accidents/Topevent

Basic/Intermediate

events

Basic events


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Process Plant FireWell defined

accidents/Top

event

Basic/Intermediate

events

Basic events

Fire

Fuel

Leakingjoint

Oxygen

Drainvalveopen

Ignition

Weldingin

progress

Electricmotor


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Fault Tree Logic Transfer Components

BASICevent

A fault event that needs no further definition

INTERMEDIATEevents

An event that results from the interaction of anumber of other events

UNDEVELOPED

eventAn event that cannot be developed further dueto lack of suitable information

EXTERNALevent

An event that is a boundary condition to the faulttree

Expandedevent

Used to transfer the fault tree into and out of asheet of paper


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Advantages Disadvantages

It begins with a top event

Its specific Used to determine min cut

sets

Computer application withreference libraries

For complicated

processes, FT will beenormous

Will take a long time

Not all failure modesmight have been

considered Possibility of a partial

failure

Different structures if

developed by differentindividual

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