Oscola referencing workshop slides

OSCOLA

www.le.ac.uk/library

Referencing

ContentsIntended Learning Outcomes

• Find the OSCOLA referencing guide.

• Cite primary and secondary sources using the OSCOLA referencing style, in footnotes and bibliography, as appropriate.

• Find appropriate sources of help for academic writing and referencing.

QuestionWhich one is correct?

• The next slide will show a citation in 4 different referencing styles. You need to decide which one is in the OSCOLA referencing style.

• Use your PC, tablet or mobile phone

• Go to http://hanes.participoll.com

• Vote!

http://hanes.participoll.comA. Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the

essential referencing guide (9th edn) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

B. Richard Pears and Graham Shields, Cite them right: the essential referencing guide, 9th edn (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).

C. Richard Pears and Graham Shields, Cite them right: the essential referencing guide (9th edn, Palgrave Macmillan 2013).

D. Pears R and Shields G, Cite them right: the essential referencing guide (9th edn, Palgrave Macmillan 2013)

0A B C D

OSCOLA

Oxford UniversityStandard for the

Citation ofLegal Authorities

www.law.ox.ac.uk/

oscola

http://www.law.ox.ac.uk/oscola

Golden Rules[OSCOLA page 1]

• There are two golden rules … consistency … [and] … consideration for the reader.

• OSCOLA does not purport to be comprehensive, but gives rules and examples for the main UK legal primary sources, and for many types of secondary sources.

• When citing materials not mentioned in OSCOLA, use the general principles … as a guide, and try to maintain consistency.

Further Reading

• School of Law, Writing Guide 1: Writing an Assessed Essay (7th edn, 2009) Available on Blackboard

• Cathie Jackson and Ian Bradley, Citing the Law (2012) https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/oscola/tutorial/

• Lisa Webley, Legal Writing (3rd edn, Routledge 2013) Available as eBook in University Library

https://blackboard.le.ac.uk/webapps/login/

https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/oscola/tutorial/

http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=494949



Footnotes[OSCOLA page 3]

• Insert superscript numbers (1, 2, 3) into your text– Word > References > Insert Footnote.

• Add your reference to the footnote.

• Close your footnote with a full stop.

Bibliography[OSCOLA page 10]

OSCOLA

Writing Guide

1:Essays

Writing Guide

2:Researc

h

OSCOLA[Essays and Articles]

• No bibliography required

• Footnotes alone are sufficient

Writing Guide 1[School of Law’s rules for essays]

• Bibliography (end)

1. Primary sources– Legislation – Cases

2. Secondary sources – Books, book chapters, research reports – Journal articles

A-Z

OSCOLA[Book or Thesis]

• Tables of authorities (start)– List of abbreviations– Tables of cases– Tables of legislation

• Bibliography (end)– All secondary sources– E.g. books, journals, websites A-Z

Writing Guide 2[School of Law’s rules for

dissertations]• Tables of authorities (end)

– Tables of legislation – Tables of cases

• Bibliography (end)– Books– Book chapters– Journal articles– Other (internet)

A-Z

Quotations[OSCOLA page 8]

• Short quotations (up to three lines of text), should be incorporated into the text, within 'single quotation marks'.

• Longer quotations (over three lines of text), should be presented in an indented paragraph, without quotation marks.

Page Numbers[OSCOLA page 33]

• Give page numbers for both direct (quotations) or indirect (paraphrasing) citations.

• Page numbers should be included at the end of the footnote, but omitted from the bibliography.

• Page numbers stand alone – no ‘p’ or ‘pp’

Referencing


Secondary Sources

Author’s Name

• Footnotes:– Firstname Surname– E.g. Richard Pears

• Bibliography:– Surname Initial– E.g. Pears R

Multiple Authors[OSCOLA page 33]

• 2 authors– Author 1 and Author 2– E.g. Richard Pears and Graham Shields

• 3+ authors – Author 1 and others– E.g. Richard Pears and others

Footnote:

• Lisa Webley, Legal Writing (3rd edn, Routledge 2013).

Footnote with page number:

• Lisa Webley, Legal Writing (3rd edn, Routledge 2013) 25.

Bibliography:

• Webley L, Legal Writing (3rd edn, Routledge 2013)

eBooks[OSCOLA page 33]

• Electronic books and journal articles can be cited as per the hard-copy:– “If you source a publication online which

is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version”.

Footnote:

• Philip Handler, ‘Legal History’ in Dawn Watkins and Mandy Burton (eds), Research Methods in Law (Routledge 2013).


• Philip Handler, ‘Legal History’ in Dawn Watkins and Mandy Burton (eds), Research Methods in Law (Routledge 2013) 125.

Bibliography:

• Handler P, ‘Legal History’ in Dawn Watkins and Mandy Burton (eds), Research Methods in Law (Routledge 2013)

Footnote:

• Halsburys Laws (5th edn, 2010).

Footnote with paragraph number:

• Halsburys Laws (5th edn, 2010) vol 77, para 894 (7 November 2014).

Bibliography:

• Halsburys Laws (5th edn, 2010)

Pinpoints[OSCOLA page 33-36]

Volume volPart ptChapter chParagraph para

Footnote:

• Graham Virgo, ‘Why Study Law: the Relevance of Legal Information’ (2011) 11 LIM 221.


• Graham Virgo, ‘Why Study Law: the Relevance of Legal Information’ (2011) 11 LIM 221, 225.

Bibliography:

• Virgo G, ‘Why Study Law: the Relevance of Legal Information’ (2011) 11 LIM 221

Abbreviations[OSCOLA page 45]

• Cardiff Index To Legal Abbreviations– http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/

• Do not use punctuation in abbreviation

• If no abbreviation, then use full journal title

http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/

[(Brackets)][OSCOLA page 37]

• Does the journal have a volume number?– Yes – use (round) brackets around the

(year)– No – use [square] brackets around the

[year]

Footnote:

• Nick Britten and Andrew Hough, ‘It’s him: Richard III rises from the grave’ Daily Telegraph (London, 5 February 2013) 11.

Bibliography:

• Britten N and Hough A, ‘It’s him: Richard III rises from the grave’ Daily Telegraph (London, 5 February 2013) 11

Online newspaper with no page number:

• BBC, ‘Richard III was a bottle-a-day drinker, study suggests’ BBC News (London, 17 August 2014) < http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-28825653 > accessed 18 November 2014

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-28825653



Footnote:

• David Hart, ‘Freedom of Expression – Nakedness in a Public Place’ (UK Human Rights Blog, 31 October 2013) < http://ukhumanrightsblog.com > accessed 15 November 2013

Bibliography:

• Hart D, ‘Freedom of Expression – Nakedness in a Public Place’ (UK Human Rights Blog, 31 October 2013) < http://ukhumanrightsblog.com > accessed 15 November 2013

http://ukhumanrightsblog.com/

http://ukhumanrightsblog.com/

Speed Ref 1Secondary Resources

• Speed referencing:– 90 seconds only to reference each item

• 5 items to be referenced in OSCOLA style:– Book, chapter, journal, newspaper,

website

• You can use footnote or bibliography style

Referencing


Primary Sources

UK

UK Act[OSCOLA page 23]

• Short Title | Year– Human Rights Act 1998

• Older Acts of Parliament:– Short Title | Year | (Regnal Year | c

Chapter)– Crown Debts Act 1801 (41 Geo 3 c 90)

UK SI[OSCOLA page 26]

• Title | Year, | SI | Year/Number– Human Rights Act 1998

(Commencement) Order 1998, SI 1998/2882

Pinpoints[OSCOLA page 24]

• Pinpoint to specific sections of legislation:-– Human Rights Act 1998, s 12

Saving Words[OSCOLA pages 3 & 23]

• If the full details of legislation (title, year and section) is stated in the text, then a footnote is not required.

• The full reference should be included in the bibliography


• The full title of legislation must be used first, but a abbreviation can be used thereafter – Human Rights Act 1998 – HRA 1998

Neutral Citations[OSCOLA page 16]

• Official vendor/media neutral citations

• Identify case by year, court and number– http://www.bailii.org/bailii/citation.html

http://www.bailii.org/bailii/citation.html


• [Paragraph] in judgment– Campbell v MGM [2004] UKHL 22,

[2004] 2 AC 457 [11]

• Page in law report– Campbell v MGM [2004] UKHL 22,

[2004] 2 AC 457, 460-461


• If the full name of case (e.g. Campbell v MGM) is stated in the text, then the footnote need only include the citation – ([2004] UKHL 22, [2004] 2 AC 457).

• The full reference (case name and citation) should be included in the bibliography.


• The full name of the case must be used first, but a short form (e.g. Campbell) can be used in subsequent footnotes.

Referencing


Primary Sources

EU

EU Treaty[OSCOLA page 29]

• Title | [Year] | OJ | Issue/Page– Treaty of Lisbon [2007] OJ C306/01

EU Case[OSCOLA page 30]

Footnote:

• Case Number | Case Name | Citation– Case C-615/11P European Commission v

Ryanair Ltd [2013] 3 CMLR 39.

Bibliography:

• Case Name | Case Number | Citation– European Commission v Ryanair Ltd

Case C-615/11P [2013] 3 CMLR 39


• Paragraph, use para– Case C-615/11P European Commission v

Ryanair Ltd [2013] 3 CMLR 39, para 10.

• Paragraphs, use paras– Case C-615/11P European Commission v

Ryanair Ltd [2013] 3 CMLR 39, paras 10-12.

Foreign[OSCOLA page 32]

• Cite foreign legislation and case law as cited in it’s own jurisdiction but with minimal punctuation (no full stops), and indicate jurisdiction where appropriate.

• In your bibliography, remember to organise primary resources by foreign jurisdiction.

International[OSCOLA 3rd edn]

• Use OSCOLA 3rd edition for international law– http://www.law.ox.ac.uk/published/OSCO

LA_2006_citing_international_law.pdf

http://www.law.ox.ac.uk/published/OSCOLA_2006_citing_international_law.pdf

http://www.law.ox.ac.uk/published/OSCOLA_2006_citing_international_law.pdf

Speed Ref 2Primary Resources

• Speed referencing: – 90 seconds only to reference each item

• 5 items to be referenced in OSCOLA style:– UK Act, SI and case, EU legislation and

case

Referencing


Advanced

Subsequent Citations

[OSCOLA pages 5, 7 & 34 ]• Only provide full citation once - second and subsequent citations can be shortened and cross-referenced using short forms or ibids:– “In subsequent citations of books and

articles, cite only the author’s surname and provide a cross-reference to the footnote with the full citation”

Short Forms[OSCOLA page 5 & 34]

First citation:

• 1 Emily Finch and Stefan Fafinski, Legal Skills (4th edn, Oxford University Press 2013)

Later citations:

• 5 Finch and Fafinski (n1)

Ibid[OSCOLA page 7]

First citation:

• 1 Emily Finch and Stefan Fafinski, Legal Skills (4th edn, Oxford University Press 2013)

Next citation:

• 2 ibid

1. Richard Pears and Graham Shields, Cite them right: the essential referencing guide (9th edn, Palgrave Macmillan 2013).

2. Lisa Webley, Legal Writing (3rd edn, Routledge 2013).

3. ibid 25.

4. Pears and Shields (n1) 98.

Secondary referencing

• Secondary referencing occurs when you want to cite a text that you have not read.

• Best academic practice is to obtain the original material and cite it directly.

If you must …[Secondary Referencing]

• Unofficial guidance on the OSCOLA website suggests using: secondary reference | (as cited in | primary reference)– Bernard Hibbitts, ‘The Technology of

Law’ (2010) 102 Law Libr J 101 (as cited in Graham Virgo, ‘Why Study Law: the Relevance of Legal Information’ (2011) 11 LIM 221, 225)

Bibliographic software

• Bibliographic or reference management software can help you with referencing:– Collect and organise your references – Add references in your referencing style– Bibliographies in your referencing style

Essays

• Bibliographic software is not recommended

Dissertations and theses

• Bibliographic software is most useful for reference management, rather than creating footnotes and bibliographies.

• RefWorks and EndNote both have OSCOLA referencing output styles:- – EndNote is the better option– RefWorks is not recommended

EndNote

• EndNote will not do OSCOLA for you; a good working knowledge of OSCOLA is required if using Endnote.

• Further information on EndNote including an EndNote and OSCOLA guide is available on the library website.

https://www2.le.ac.uk/library/help/bibliographies/endnote

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Oscola referencing workshop slides

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