Oscar niemeyer.ppt111

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MODERN & CONTEMPORARY MODERN & CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECT – OSCAR NIEMEYERARCHITECT – OSCAR NIEMEYER

GUIDED BY: AR.T.R.WARSI

PRESENTED BY: MOHD FAIZAN MOHAMMAD SHAZEB AFFAN YUSUF

AR. OSCAR NIEMEYERAR. OSCAR NIEMEYER

• BORN -Oscar Niemeyer was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on the 15th December 1907.

• EDUCATION -Oscar Niemeyer graduated from the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes in Rio de Janeiro in 1934.

• At this time Oscar Niemeyer joined a team of Brazilian architects collaborating with Le Corbusier on a new Ministry of Education and Health in Rio de Janeiro. Oscar Niemeyer worked with Lucio Costa and Le Corbusier till 1938 on this project.

The Brazilian Palacio da Alvorada (Palace of the Dawn), which was designed by architect Oscar

Niemeyer. Photograph: Eraldo Peres/AP

ARCHITECT BIOGRAPHY

•The Corbusian influence is evident in the early works of Oscar Niemeyer.

•The architect gradually acquired his own style: the lightness of the curved forms created spaces that transformed the architectural scheme into something that was so far unknown; harmony, grace and elegance are the adjectives that are most appropriate to describe the work of Oscar Niemeyer

•In 1942, Niemeyer created a series of recreational buildings which borrowed extensively from the expressive Brazilian Baroque style of architecture.

• 'I pick up my pen. A building appears'

Niemeyer created a style that was revolutionary at the time. While Le Corbusier paid homage to the right angle, Niemeyer chose the curve. A church he designed vaulted through the landscape like some giant skateboard track

FROM ARCHITECT

• He Believed Architecture Arises Out Of Technical & Social Projects. From The Technical Point Of View.

• The Use Of R.C.C Today Allows to Architect A Wide Range Of Design Possibilities.

• But Architecture Is Invention & To Be Superior It Must Generate Emotion & Surprise.

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

"ARCHITECTURE FOR HIM ALWAYS BEGUN WITH DRAWING. WHEN HE WAS VERY LITTLE HIS MOTHER SAID HE USED TO DRAW IN THE AIR WITH HIS FINGERS. HE NEEDED A PENCIL. ONCE HE COULD HOLD ONE, HE HAS DRAWN EVERY DAY SINCE. THE BUILDINGS DO APPEAR ON PAPER THE WAY YOU SAY, BUT THEY ARE NOT THE RESULT OF GRATUITOUS BRUSHSTROKES”

Why Oscar Niemeyer is king of curves….? The architect later became famous for his equation:

"mountains/waves/women = curves." "Oscar thinks of higher or lower things, but never simply straight ahead,"

The Creator's Words "Here, then, is what I wanted to tell you of my architecture. I created it with courage and idealism, but also with an awareness of the fact that what is important is life, friends and attempting to make this unjust world a better place in which to live."

He used reinforced concrete very oftenly, because it offers a host of possibility in curves designs.

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

• Ministry of Education and Health (now the Palace of Culture), (with Le Corbusier, Lucio Costa, Jorge Machado Moreira and Afonso Eduardo Reidy) at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1937 to 1943.

• Museum Oscar Neimeyer, at Curitiba, Brazil, 2000• BRASILIA The Capital of Brazil• The Cathedral of Brasília.• Brazil's National Museum• Cultural Centre, Le Havre, France• The Niteroi Contemporary Art Museum• The Canoas House

FAMOUS WORKS

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH

• It is one of the finest examples of Brazilian 1930s modernist architecture, designed in 1935 and 1936.

• It also employed local materials and techniques, such as azulejos, blue and white glazed tiles linked to the Portuguese Colonial tradition, in modern wall murals.

• it is raised 3 metres (9.8 ft) above the sidewalk on pilotis (pillars) with access unobstructed from surrounding sidewalks and pedestrian areas

• it was the involvement of Le Corbusier that attracted particular comment outside Brazil

• Le Corbusier arrived in June 1936, and spent four weeks on the project, during which he worked most closely with Niemeyer

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH

• 2002 was inaugurated the Oscar Niemeyer Museum complex, in the city of Curitiba, Paraná. This building is locally known as "Niemeyer's Eye".

• The museum focuses on the visual arts, architecture and design.

• The museum features many of Niemeyer's signature elements: bold geometric forms, sculptural curved volumes placed prominently to contrast with rectangular volumes, sinuous ramps for pedestrians, large areas of white painted concrete, and areas with vivid murals or paintings.

OSCAR NIEMEYER MUSEUM

OSCAR NIEMEYER MUSEUM

• Oscar Niemeyer Museum. A strange, beautiful, powerful, lyrical composition. Curving ramps connect across pool to sculptural eye and to long low layered box. Sometimes referred to as the "Eye Museum" because of its signature form.

BRASILIA THE CAPITAL OF BRAZIL

• In 1939 Oscar Niemeyer and Costa designed the Brazilian pavilion at the New York World Fair. The series of buildings Oscar Niemeyer created till 1942 were heavily influenced by the Brazilian baroque style in architecture.

• Niemeyer organized a competition for the lay-out of Brasília, the new capital, and the winner was the project of his old master and great friend, Lúcio Costa. Niemeyer would design the buildings and Lucio the plan of the city

• The plan of the central city has been likened to a bird, a bow and arrow, or an airplane i.e.The Pilot Plan. The basis of the city is a Monumental Axis, or fuselage of an airplane, intersecting in the center of the city with a Residential axis, or the wings of an airplane.

• A monumental scale, a residential scale• A gregarious scale (living in groups)• And a bucolic scale (Relating to- countryside)

Oscar Niemeyer intended that every element – from the layout of the residential and administrative districts (often compared to the shape of a bird in flight) to the symmetry of the buildings.


• The Constitution of Brazil has always contained a provision for the establishment of a new Capital in the center of the country, but But it was not until 1956, after eight years of surveying, that the actual design and construction of the new Capital began under President Juscelino Kubitschek.

• In the space of a few months, Niemeyer designed a large number of residential, commercial and government buildings. Among them were the residence of the President (Palácio da Alvorada), the House of the deputy, the National Congress of Brazil, the Cathedral of Brasília (a hyperboloid structure), diverse ministries.

• Viewed from above, the city can be seen to have elements that repeat themselves in every building, giving it a formal unity.

• The site chosen for Brasilia is located in the Federal District and comprises 2,245 sq.miles (5,814 sq. km) of a sparsely inhabited plateau carved out of the State of Goias, 3,609 feet (1,100 meters) above sea level and 746 miles (1,200 km) from Rio de Janeiro


• For the city's cathedral, Niemeyer wanted a clear space with natural lighting, so he designed a circled building composed of abstract elements suggesting the shape of hands pointing to the skies and connected by a group of vitraux, window panes with images composed of differently shaped and coloured pieces of glass.

• The cathedral of Brasília is especially beautiful, with diverse modern symbolism.

• Its entrance is a dimly-lit corridor that contrasts with the bright, naturally illuminated hall.

THE CATHEDRAL OF BRASÍLIA

THE CATHEDRAL OF BRASÍLIA

BRAZIL'S NATIONAL MUSEUM

BRAZIL'S NATIONAL MUSEUM

• Sometimes Niemeyer's instant buildings can veer towards the glib, or the vacuous, as with the brand new National Museum at Brasilia, a white 80-metre concrete dome wrapped around, inside and out, with a twisting, elevated walkway.

• It's a fine conceit, but with nothing to show inside - no collection, only one gallery - the building is an exhibition of itself.

• "What’s missing, however, is the lightness of touch that could draw you deeper into the work. The concrete surfaces are crude and unfinished; the structure lacks the careful refinement that gave his early buildings a textured significance and signaled that the architect cared deeply about the people who would inhabit them."

The ramp of Brasilia"s National Museum, designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer

CULTURAL CENTRE “LE VOLCAN” (LE HAVRE, FRANCE)

SITE PLAN

PLAN, IT BEING GENERATED BY CIRCLES OF VARYING DIAMETERS

WHOSE CENTRES ARE LOCATED ON THE

HYPERBOLA


• The Public Entrance Opens Onto A Vast Common Reception Hall With Cinema. Two Staircases Lead To The Public Foyer Of The Theatre.

• Niemeyer Also Strove To Compose An Interior Atmosphere: The Seats Of The Theatre Auditorium Emphasize A Colourful Part Here, And In The Foyer Smoked Mirrors Reflect The Light In A Mysterious Fashion. The Furniture In The Hall (Fauteuils, Cushions) Form An Integral Part Of His Designs.

• 1200-seat Theatre And 350-seat Cinema In The Large Volcano; Multi-use Hall With 200-500 Seat Capacity, 80-seat Auditorium, Meeting And Rehearsal Rooms In The Small Volcano; Exhibits Hall, Workshops, Offices In The Intermediary Spaces; 600-space Parking Garage; Enclosed Plaza.

• The Forum Is Accessible By Three Pedestrian Ramps: Two Wide, Gently Sloped Ones And One Spiral


PUBLIC FOYER

ORCHESTRA AREA

THEATRE

• Here Niemeyer Uses Double-curved Surfaces The Two Superstructure Volumes Are Characterized By A Hyperbolic Parabolic Concrete Shell Envelope.

• The Small Volcano Is A Volume In Revolution, A Hyperboloid. It Is Formed By A Thin Sloped Concrete Shell, Supported By Successive Slabs. Its Volume Is Symmetrical, But Its Panels Are On A Variable Curve. A System Of Metal Shuttering Adapted To The Cadences And Non-repetitiveness Of The Structures Was Thus Installed.

• The Volcano Was Constructed By Using A Tubular Scaffold Overlapped Within The Interior Structures Of The Lower Section. This Scaffold Was Covered By A General Sheathing That Served As A Guiding Device And Support For An Exterior Shuttering Of Board Facing Panels Fixed To The Metal Skeleton Of Variable Geometry.

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

Foyer of the theatre

access door for the transit of materials to the theatre wings

THE PUBLIC ENTRANCE OPENS ONTO A VAST COMMON RECEPTION HALL WITH CINEMA

THE NITEROI CONTEMPORARY ART MUSEUM

The Niteroi Contemporary Art Museum overlooks the famed landmark Sugar Loaf in Niteroi, Brazil.


• His most treasured possessions is a drawing he once made for me of the Niteroi Museum of Contemporary Art, an ultra-modern building, looking out across Guanabara Bay from Rio, that appears to hover over the rock it rises from like some flying saucer.

• To those who pay close attention, the decline in the quality of Niemeyer’s work whether resulting from a creative lull or complacency brought on by fame or old age has been evident since he completed his Museum of Contemporary Art in Niteroi in 1996. Resting lightly on a single column at the edge of a cliff, its white saucer-shaped form looks best against the glamorous backdrop of Guanabara Bay."


Drawings

THE NATIONAL CONGRESS BUILDING

• Oscar Niemeyer designed the National Congress during the late 1950s and early 1960s while he served as chief architect for Brazil's new capital city, Brasília. The complex is composed of several buildings. Shown here is the domed Senate building on the left, the

• Parliament office tower at the center, and the bowl-shaped Chamber of the Deputies on the right.

• The National Congress is the legislative body of Brazil's federal government

• The building is located in the middle of the Monumental Axis, main street of Brasília. In front of it there is a large lawn where demonstrations take place

PLAN

THE NATIONAL CONGRESS BUILDING

TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT PROJECTS

• 1957 - OFFICIAL RESIDENCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC, BRASILIA; MINISTRY OF JUSTICE BUILDING, BRASILIA;

• 1958 - FEDERAL SUPREME COURT; FEDERAL, GOVERNMENT BUILDING, BRASILIA; THREE POWERS PLAZA, BRASILIA;

• 1958 - CATHEDRAL, BRASILIA;• 1965 - BRASILIA AIRPORT; • 1967 - HEADQUARTERS Of THE FRENCH COMMUNIST

PARTY,PARIS;• 1969 - UNIVERSITY OF CONSTANTINE, ARGÉRIA; • 1987 - LATIN AMERICA MEMORIAL, SAN PAOLO; • 1991 - MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART, NITEROI; • 1994 - MUSEUM OF MAN AND HIS WORLD; EMBRATEL

TOWER, RIO DE JANEIRO; • 2003 – SERPENTINE GALLERY PAVILION “LONDON”• 2005 - IBIRAPUERA AUDITORIUM. SAN PAOLO

HONORS & ACHIEVEMENTS:

• 1956- ENTRUSTED WITH HOLDING THE COMPETITION FOR THE BRASILIA CITY PLAN, & BECOMES THE MEMBER OF PANEL ADJUDICATORS.

• 1955- FOUNDS "MÓDULO" MAGAZINE IN RIO DE JANEIRO; BECOMES HEAD OF THE "NOVACAP DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

AND URBAN STUDIES", IN CHARGE OF BUILDING BRASILIA.

• 1954- TRAVELS TO EUROPE AND PARTICIPATES IN THE PROJECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF BURLIN.

• 1945- JOIN THE BRAZILIAN COMMUNIST PARTY.

• 1936- PARTICIPATES IN THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND EDUCATION PROJECT; MEETS LE CORBUSIER AND GUSTAVO CAPANEMA.

HONORS & ACHIEVEMENTS• 1995-AWARDED HONORARY DOCTORATES BY THE

UNIVERSITIES OF SAN PAOLO AND MINAS GERAIS.

• 1988- RECEIVES THE PRITZKER PRIZE FOR ARCHITECTURE

• 1978- FOUNDS THE "CENTRO BRASIL DEMOCRÁTICO CEBRADE" AND IS ELECTED ITS PRESIDENT.

• 1966- PUBLISHES THE BOOK "QUASE MEMÓRIAS: VIAGENS" (ACTUAL MEMORIES OF JOURNEY)

• 1963- APPOINTED AN HONORARY MEMBER OF THE AMERCAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE IN U.S.A.

• 1962- APPOINTED COORDINATOR OF THE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE; TRAVELS TO LEBANON TO DESIGN THE INTERNATIONAL PERMANENT EXHIBITION CENTRE .

OPINION OF OTHERS

Le Corbusier, Mies Van Der Rohe, Frank Lloyd Wright And Alvar Aalto Were All In Awe Of This Young Brazilian Who Single-handedly Transformed Architecture Into A Wonderful Thing Of Sensuous Curves, Lightness And Unforgettable Forms. Even Then, They Didn't Always Understand The Ways Niemeyer Was Transforming Modern Movement Architecture To Suit Brazilian Conditions.

CONCLUSION

• Oscar Niemeyer is the greatest architect Brazil has ever had, he is a genius, he designed Brasilia, a truly beautiful city, his buildings are a perfect mix of functionality and beauty. Everybody should visit Brasilia, because there stands the buildings he designed

• The UN has declared Brasilia a World Heritage Site for a reason, and the reason is that Brasilia was the greatest creation of Oscar. He is renowned world over.

• What I like most about his best buildings is that they seem to have emerged in an instant, as if fully formed from his mind, hand and eye. They are as they are and you cannot imagine them being any other way; they seem to spring naturally from their sites

THANK YOU

Oscar niemeyer.ppt111

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