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Plant Propagation Protocol forMaclura pomiferaESRM 412 Native Plant Production

Fig. 1 North American Distriution Ma! "rom #SDA P$AN%S Dataase &1'

Fig. 2 (ashington state distriution ma! "rom #SDA P$AN%S Dataase &1'

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Fig. ) Full tree !hoto #niversit* o" (estern Ne+ Me,ico &1-'

Fig. 4 M. !omi"era "ruit #SDA NRS !lant guide &1)'

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TAXONOMY

Famil* NamesFamil* Scienti"ic

Name/Moracaea

Famil* ommonName/

Mulerr*

Scienti"ic

Names0enus/ Maclura

S!ecies/ !omi"era

S!eciesAuthorit*/

Ra"inesue.3 .. Schneid.

5ariet*/

Su6s!ecies/

ultivar/Authorit* "or5ariet*7Su6s!ecies/

ommonS*non*ms3include "ullscienti"ic namese.g.8Elymusglaucus9uc:le*38

includingvariet* orsus!eciesin"ormation3

;o,*lon !omi"erum Ra".8 %o,*lon !omi"erum Ra". e, Sarg P$AN%S 2

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distriutionecos*stems itoccurs in8 etc3/

B=sage6orange gro+s on a variet* o" soils ut does est on rich8 moist8+ell6drained ottomlands. ;t occurs on al:aline soils8 shallo+ soilsoverla*ing limestone8 cla*e* soils8 and sand* soils &C88'. ;t canoccur on ottomlands +hich are seasonall* "looded &C'. &2'

limate andelevation range

B=sage6orange gro+s est in areas that receive 2- to 4< inches C4

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successionalstage stress6tolerator8com!etitor8+eed*7coloniKer

8 seral8 latesuccessional3

;t is an e""ective !ioneer ecause it can tolerate man* di""erent soilt*!es. ;t also has natural !rotection "rom graKing and !re"ers "ullsunlight. &1)'

B=sage6orange has "e+ !ests and8 once estalished8 can handle a variet* o"

site 7 soil constraints. =n resource6rich sites in "ull sun8 osage6orange cangro+ "ast. A ma?or concern in gro+ing *oung trees is elimination o" othheraceous and +ood* com!etition. =sage6orange is considered hard* tonon6"luctuating +inter tem!eratures "ound u! to +inter hardiness Kone -.(ithin its native range8 osage6orange is attac:ed * Ph*matotrichumomnivoum 66 cotton root rot. ;n addition8 osage6orange has een attac:ed *lea"* mistletoe8 5erticillium +ilt8 assorted lea" s!ots8 P*thium root rot8 stemorers8 scale8 and rodents. =sage6orange is not attac:ed * suterraneantermites. &12'

Plantcharacteristics

li"e "ormshru8 grass8"or38 longevit*8:e*characteristics8etc3

B=sage6orange is a small tree or large shru averaging m )< "t3 in heightat maturit*. ;solated trees on good sites ma* reach heights o" as much as 21

m G< "t3H cro+ded trees usuall* do not gro+ so tall. ;n +indrea: !lantingson the 0reat Plains8 =sage6orange gre+ C m 2< "t3 tall on average sitesduring a 2

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Pro!agationMethod=!tions/ Seedor 5egetative3/

Seed &12' and 5egetative &1)' are oth !ossile

Product %*!e

o!tions/ontainer!lug38 9areroot"ield gro+n38Plug container6"ieldgro+n h*rids8and7orPro!agulesseeds8 cuttings8!oles8 etc.33

Stoc: %*!e/%ime to 0ro+

"rom seedinguntil !lants areread* to eout!lanted3/

%argetS!eci"icationssiKe orcharacteristicso" target !lants

to e !roduced3/Pro!agule

ollectionho+8 +hen8etc3/

SEED/B%o success"ull* collect seeds and gro+ seedlings8 it is critical that *oulocate "ruiting "emales +ith several neighoring males. Fruits can ecollected "rom the ground an*time a"ter the* "all until ?ust e"ore S!ring.&12'

#%%;N0/

B=sage orange can e !ro!agated * so"t+ood cuttings in June or *hard+ood cuttings harvested in Januar*. &1)' BRoot cuttings ta:en in"all or earl* +inter are also a !ossile source o" vegetativel* !roduced

materials. &1)'

Pro!agule SEED/

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Processing7Pro!aguleharacteristicsincluding seeddensit* !er

!ound38 seedlongevit*8 etc3/

B%he mil:* ?uice in the "ruit serves as a dormant season !esticide in

!rotecting the seeds "rom damage.&12' Bleaning and e,tracting seed"rom the "ruits are easiest i" the "ruit is stored in a moist !lace andallo+ed to deca* "orseveral months. Seeds can then e e,tracted in+ater * macerating the "ruit and then "loating o"" the !ul! or screening

it o"". %he average =sage orange "ruit contains "rom 2

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until !lants areno longeractivel*gro+ing3/

$ength o" Active

0ro+th Phase/ardening Phase

"rom end o"active gro+th!hase to end o"gro+ing seasonH!rimaril*related to thedevelo!ment o"cold6hardinessand !re!aration

"or +inter3/$ength o"

ardeningPhase/

arvesting8Storage andShi!!ing o"seedlings3/

$ength o" Storageo" seedlings8et+een nurser*

andout!lanting3/

0uidelines "or=ut!lanting 7Per"ormance on%*!ical Siteseg8 !ercentsurvival8 heightor diametergro+th8 ela!sedtime e"ore

"lo+ering3/

SEED/BFor "all so+ing8 so+ cleaned ut other+ise untreated seeds in mineral soiland then use a light organic mulch over the to!. For S!ring so+ing8 so+cool6treated seeds in mineral soil +ithout mulch. Seeds reuire mineral soilcontact8 "ull sunlight8 and moist conditions. &12'

=ther ommentsincludingcollectionrestrictions orguidelines8 i"availale3/

SEED/BSeeds can e stored "or several *ears i" cleaned and :e!t under dr*8 coolconditions. &12'

INFORMATION SOURCES

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Re"erences "ullcitations3/

=ther Sourcesonsulted utthat contained

no !ertinentin"ormation3"ull citations3/

1. #SDA2. htt!/77+++.na."s."ed.us7!us7silvicsmanual7volume27maclura7!om

i"era.htm

). Ni,on8 Elra* S.H (illett8 R. $arr*. 1G4. 5egetative anal*sis o" the"lood!lain o" the %rinit* River8 %e,as. ontract No. DA(C6G466

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Agriculture8 Forest Service8 (ashington8 D. vol.28 GG. Availaleonline athtt!/77+++.na."s."ed.us7!us7silvicsmanual7volume27maclura7!omi"era.htm

12. oder8 im. B=sage orange Maclura Pomi"era3/ an American%raveler. #N;5ERS;%@ =F 0E=R0;A S==$ =F F=RES%RES=#RES E%ENS;=N P#9$;A%;=N F=R 6