OS LAB FULL

8/2/2019 OS LAB FULL

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UNIX COMMANDS

AIM: To study and execute the commands in unix.

COMMANDS:

1. DATE command:This command is used to disp;ay the current date and time.Syntax:

$date$date+%d

Options:a=abbrevated weekdayA=Fully weekdayb=abbrevated monthB=full monthC=current day and timeC=display the century as a decimal numberD=day of the monthD=day in mm/dd/yy formatH=abbrevated month dayH=display the hourL=day of the yearM=month of the yearM=minuteP=display AM or PMS=secondsT=HH:MM:SS formatU=week of the yearY=display the year in 2 digitZ=time zone

To change the format:Syntax:$date+%H-%M-%s

2.CAL -calander command:

This command is used to display the calendar of the year of theparticular month of calendar year.

Syntax:a.$cal


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b.$calhere the first syntax gives the entire calendar for given year and the second syntax givesthe calendar of reserved month of that year.

3.ECHO command:

This command is used to print the arguments on the screen.Syntax:

$echo

Multiline echo command:

1.To have the output in the same line, the following commands can beused.Syntax:

$echotext

2.to have the output in different line, the following command can beused.Syntax:

$echotext>line2>line3

4.BANNER command:

It is used to display the arguments in # symbol.Syntax:

$banner

5.WHO command:

It is used to display who are the users connected to our computer.Syntax:

$who- optionsOptions:

H-display the output with headers.

b-display the latest booting date or time when the system was lastly rebooted.6.WHO AM I command:

Display the details of the current working directory.Syntax:

$who am i

7.ttycommand:

It will display the terminal name.


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Syntax:

$tty

8.Binarycalculator command:

It will change the $ mode and in the new mode, arithmetic operationssuch as +,-,*,/,%,n,sqrt(),length(),=,etc can be performed. This command is used to goto the binary calculus mode.Syntax:

$bcOperations^d$

I base-input baseO base-output base are used for base conversions

Base:Decimal=1Binary=2Octal=8Hexa=16

9.CLEAR command:

It is used to clear the screen.Syntax:

$clear

10.MAN command:

It help us to know about the particular command and its options andworking. It is like help command in window.Syntax:

$man

11.Manipulation command:

It is used to manipulate the screen.Syntax:%tput

Arguments:

1.clear-to clear the screen.2.longname-display the complete name of the terminal.3.SMSO-background become white and foreground become black colour.4.rmso-background become black and foreground become white colour.5.cop RC-move to the cursor position to the specified location.6.cols-display the number of columns in our terminals

.


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12.List command:

It is used to list all the contents in the current working directory.Syntax:

$ls-optionsIf the command does not contain any argument means it is working in the current

directory.Options:

a-used to list all files including the hidden files.e-list all the files column wise.d-list all the directories.m-list the files separated by commas.p-list files include/to all directories.r-list the files in reverse alphabetical order.f-list the files based on the list modification date.

x-list in column wise sorted order.

DIRECTORY RELATED COMMANDS:

1.PWD command:

To print the complete path of the current working directory.Syntax:

$pwd

2.MKDIR command:

To create or make a new directory in a current directory.Syntax:

$mkdir

3.CD command:

To change or move the directory to the mentioned directory.Syntax:

$cd

4.RMDIR command:

To change or move the directory to the mentioned directory.Syntax:

$rmdir

5.CD command:

To move the previous directory or the present directory.Syntax:

$cd


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FILE RELATED COMMANDS:

1.create a file:

To create a new file in the current directory we use CAT command.Syntax:

$cat>file nameThe >symbol is redirectory we use cat command.

2.Display a file:

To display the content of file mentioned we use CAT command without >operator.Syntax:

$cat>

$cat>>It is avoid overwritting.Options:

-n content of files with numbers included with blank lines.Syntax:

$cat-n

4.Sorting a file:

To sort the contents in alphabetical order in reverse order.Syntax:

$sortOptions:

$sort-r

5.Copying Contents from one file to another:

To copy the contents from source to destination file. So the both contents aresame.


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Syntax:

$cp$cp

6.MOVE command:

To completely move the contents from source file to destination file and toremove the source file.Syntax:

$mv

7.REMOVE command:

To completely move the contents from source file to destination file and toremove the source file.

Syntax:$rm

8.WORDS command:

To list the count of no of lines, words, characters.Syntax:

$wcOptions:

-c to display the no of characters.-l to display only the lines.-w to display the no of words

.9.Line printer:

To print the line through the printer, we use lp command.

Syntax:

$lp

10.PAGE command:

Thes command is used to display the contents of the file page wise and nextpage can be viewed by pressing the enter key.Syntax:

$pg


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RESULT:

Thus the basic commands of unix are studied and verified.


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UNIX SHELL COMMANDS

AIM:

To syudy about the UNIX shell programming commands.

INTRODUCTION:

Shell programming is a group of commands together under under signal filename.

1.SHELL KEYWORDS:

Echo, read, if, else, case, esac, for, while, do, done, until, set, unset, readonly,shift, export, break, continue, exit, return, trap, wait, eval, exec, unlimit, unmask.

2.SHELL VARIABLES:

Shell variables change during the executing of the program.

Rules:

1.A variable name is any combination of alphabets, digits and an underscore(_).2.No commas or blank space are allowed within a variable name.3.The first character of a variable name must be an alphabet or an underscore(_).4.Variables names should be of any reasonable length.5.Variables name are case sensitive. That name, NAME, Name are all differentvariables.

3.READ STATEMENT:

To get the input from the user.

Syntax: read x y

[no need commas between variables]

4.ECHO STATEMENT:

Echo statement is similar to the output statement.Syntax:

Echostring(or)

Echo$b[for variables]


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5.EXP-Expression Command:

To perform all arithmetic operations.

Syntax:

Var=`expjjr $value 1 `+`$value 2`

6.NESTING OF EXPRESSION COMMAND:

Syntax:

Sum=expr `$value 1+$value 2`+value 3

7.ARITHMETIC OPETRATORS:

+,-,/,*,%,^

8.RELATIONAL OPERATORS:

-le : less than (or) equal to.-lt : less than.-gl : greater then (or) equal to.-dt : greater than.-eq : equal to.

9.LOGICAL OPERATORS:

And : &&Or : ||

10.EXECUTION OF SHELL SCRIPT:

1.By using change mode command.2.$chmod u + x sum sh3.$sum.sh

(or)

$ch sum.sh

11.CONDITIONAL STATEMENT:

(i)If Statement:

This is used to check a condition and if it satisfy the condition if then does thenext action, if not it goes to the else part.

(ii)IF.ELSE.Statement:

Syntax:

if cp $source $targetthen


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echo file copied successfullyelseecho failed to copy the file

(iii) NESTED IF Statement:

Here sequence of condition are checked and the corresponding performedaccordingly.Syntax:

if conditionthencommandif conditionthencommandelse

commandfifi

(iv) CASEESAC Statement:

This construct helps in execution of shell script based on choice.

12.UNTIL loop:

This loop is similar to while loop except that it continues as long as thecontrol connand file.Syntax:

until control commanddocommandone

13.BREAK statement:

This command is used to jump out the loop instantly, without waiting to

get the control command.

Result:

Thus the unix shell commands are executed and verified.


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VI EDITOR COMMANDS

AIM:

To study the various commands operated in vi editor in unix.

COMMANDS:

Starting vi:

The vi editor is invoked by giving the following commands in unix prompt.Syntax:

$vi(or)$vi

This command would open a display screen with 25 lines and withtilde(~) symbol at the start of each line. The first syntax would save the file in thefilename mentioned and for the next the filename must be mentioned at the end.Options:

1.vi+n-this would point at the nth line(cursor pos).2.vi-n-this command is to make the file to read only to change

from one made to another press escape key.

INSERTING AND REPLACING COMMANDS :

To move editor from command mode to edit mode, you have to press the key.

For inserting and replacing the following commands are used.1.a command:

This command is used to move the edit mode and start to append after thecurrent character.Syntax:

a

2.A command:

This command is also used to append the file, but this command append at theend of current line.Syntax:

A3.i command:

This command is used to insert the text before the current cursor position.

Syntax:


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i

4.I command:

This command is used to insert the text at the beginning of the current line.

Syntax:I

5.o command:

This command is to insert a blank line below the current line and allowinsertion of contents.Syntax:

o

6.O command:

This command is used to insert a blank line above and allow the insertion ofcontents.Syntax:

O

7.r command:

This command is used to replace the particular character with the givencharacters.Syntax:

r xWher x is the new character.

8.R command:

This command is used to replace the particular text with a given text.Syntax:

R text

9.s command:

This command is used to replace a single character with a group ofcharacters.Syntax:

s

10.S command:

This command is used to replace a current line with group of characters.Syntax:

S


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CURSOR MOVEMENT IN VI:

1.L:

This command is used to move to the previous character typed. It is used tomove to left of the text. It can also be used to move character by character (or) a numberof characters.Syntax:

L-to move one character to leftnL-to move n characters to left

2.I:

This command is used to move to the right of the cursor (i.e.) to the next

character. It can also be used to move the cursor for a number of characters.Syntax:I-single character to rightnI- n character to right

3. j:

This command is used to move down a single line or a number of lines.Syntax:

j- single down movementnj- n times down movement

4. k:

This command is used to move up a single line or a number of lines.Syntax:

k- single line abovenk- n lines above

5.ENTER (OR) ENTER:

This command will move the cursor to the starting of next lines or a group of

lines mentioned.Syntax:

enternenter

6. + command:

This command is used to move to the beginning of the next line.Syntax:

+n+

7. - command:


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This command is used to move to the beginning of the previous line.

Syntax:

-n-

8. o command:

This command will bring the cursor to the beginning of the same current line.Syntax:

o

9. $ command:

This command will bring the cursor to the end of the current line.Syntax:

$

10. ^ command:

This command is used to move to first character of first lines.Syntax:

^

11. b command:

This command is used to move back to the previous word (or) a number of words.Syntax:

bnb

12. e command:

This command is used to move towards and replace the cursor at last character ofthe word (or) no of words.Syntax:

e

ne

13. w command:

This command is used to move forward by a single word or a group of words.Syntax:

wnw

DELETING THE TEXT FROM VI:

1. x command:


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To delete a character to right of current cursor positions, this command is used.

Syntax:

x

nx

2. X command:

To delete a character to left of current cursor positions, this command is used.Syntax:

XnX

3. dw command:

This command is to delete a single word or number of words to right of currentcursor position.Syntax:

dwndw

4.db command:

This command is to delete a single word to the left of the current cursor position.Syntax:

dbndb

5.dd command:

This command is used to delete the current line (or) a number of line below thecurrent line.Syntax:

ddndd

6.d$ command:

This command is used to delete the text from current cursor position to lastcharacter of current lineSyntax:

d$

SAVING AND QUITING FROM VI:

1.w command:


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To save the given text present in the fileSyntax:

:w

2.q! command:

To quit the given text without saving.Syntax:

:q!

3.wq command:

This command quits the vi editor after saving the text in the mentioned file.Syntax:

:wq

4.x command:

This command is same as wq command it saves and quitSyntax:

x

5.q command:

This command would quit the window but it would ask for again to save the file.Syntax:

q

RESULT:

Thus the Vi editor commands are studied and verified.

PROGRAM:

#includemain()


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{int pid1,pid2,pid3;

printf("parent id is %d and root id is%d\n",getpid(),getppid());pid1=fork();if(pid1==0)

{printf("process 1 id is %dand its parent id id%d\n",getpid(),getppid());pid2=fork();}if(pid2==0){

printf("process 2 id is%d and its parent id is%d\n",getpid(),getppid());pid3=fork();}if(pid1==0&&pid2==0&&pid3==0){

printf("process 3 id is %d and its parent id is%d\n",getpid(),getppid());}}

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc fork.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out


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Process id is 6901Parent id is 6900

PROGRAM:

#include


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#include#includemain(){int pid1;

pid1=fork();if(pid1==0){

printf("process id is %d",getpid());printf("and its parent id is %d",getppid());execl("/bin/who","who",0);}}

OUTPUT:


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[user@localhost cse]$ cc exec.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Parent id is 6407And root id is 5638

Process1 id is 6408And its parent id is 6407Process2 id is 6409And its parent id is 6408Process3 id is 6410And its parent id is 6409

PROGRAM:

#include#include


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#include#include#includemain(){

int fd1,fd2,n;char source[30],ch[5];struct stat s,t,w;fd1=creat("test.txt",0644);

printf("Enter the file to be copied\n");scanf("%s",source);fd2=open(source,0);if(fd2==-1){

perror("file does not exist");exit(0);

}while((n=read(fd2,ch,1))>0)write(fd1,ch,n);close(fd2);stat(source,&s);

printf("Source file size=%d\n",s.st_size);fstat(fd1,&t);

printf("Destination file size before closing=%d\n",t.st_size);close(fd1);fstat(fd1,&w);

printf("Destination file size after closing=%d\n",w.st_size);}

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc exit.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out


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Enter file to be copied: sts1.cSource file size: 670Destination file size before closing: 670Destination file size after closing: 3

PROGRAM:

#include


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#includemain(){DIR *p;struct dirent *dp;

p=opendir(".");if(p==NULL){

perror("opendir");exit(0);}dp=readdir(p);while(p!=NULL){

printf("%d%s\n",dp->d_ino,dp->d_name);dp=readdir(p);

}}

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc opendir.c


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[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

8247573082418 a.out82420 fork.c

PROGRAM:

#include


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#includevoid first();void second();int pid;main()

{pid=fork();if(pid!=0){printf("221");printf("\nWelcome...");sleep(3);signal(SIGUSR2,first);kill(pid,SIGUSR1);}else

{signal(SIGUSR1,second);}sleep(4);

}void first(){

printf("\nKilling...\nfirst kill\n");exit(0);}void second(){printf("\nKilling...\nsecond killed\n");kill(pid,SIGUSR2);

}

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc system.c


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221Killing...second killed

Welcome...Killing...first kill

PROGRAM:

#includemain()


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{FILE *ptr,*ptw;char ch;ptw=fopen("hai.c","wf");printf("Enter the text:");

printf("\nFor save and exit press ctrl+D\n");while((ch=getchar())!=EOF){fputc(ch,ptw);if(ch==EOF)exit();}fclose(ptw);printf("\nYour text:");ptr=fopen("hai.c","r");while((ch=fgetc(ptr))!=EOF)

printf("%c",ch);fclose(ptr);

}

OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc read.c


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Enter the text:For save and exit press ctrl+Dhai how r u?

Your text: hai how r u?


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PROGRAM:

#include#includeint main()

{struct dirent **namelist;int n,i;char pathname[100];getcwd(pathname);n=scandir(pathname,&namelist,0,alphasort);if(n


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc ls.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

...a.out ls.c


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PROGRAM:

#include#include#include

#includeint calc_bufsize(char *filename){struct stat st;stat(filename,&st);return((int)st.st_size);

}int main(int argc,char *argv[]){if(argc


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc grep.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

usage:...


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PROGRAM:

#includemain(){

int n,b[12],b1[12],w[12],e[12],i,k,t;float aw=0,at=0;printf("Enter the no of jobs:");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc fcfs.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the no of jobs: 3

Enter the burst time for job123Enter the burst time for job212Enter the burst time for job35

Job Burst Waiting Turnaround1 23 0 232 12 23 353 5 35 40

Average waiting time is: 19.333334Average turnaround time is: 32.666668


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PROGRAM:

#includemain(){

int n,b[12],b1[12],w[12],e[12],i,k,t;float aw=0,at=0;printf("Enter the no of jobs:");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc sjf.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the no of jobs:3

Enter the burst time for job123Enter the burst time for job212Enter the burst time for job35

Job Burst Waiting Turnaround1 5 0 52 12 5 173 23 17 40



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PROGRAM:

#includemain(){

int n,b[12],b1[12],w[12],e[12],pri[12],i,k,t;float aw=0,at=0;printf("\nEnter the no of jobs:");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i


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printf("\nAverage turnaround time is:%f",at);return(0);

}


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc priority.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the no of jobs: 4

Enter the burst time and priority for jobs: 145Enter the burst time and priority for jobs: 267Enter the burst time and priority for jobs: 375Enter the burst time and priority for jobs: 437

Jobs Burst Priority Start time Finish time1 4 5 0 42 7 5 4 113 6 7 11 174 3 7 17 20



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PROGRAM:

#includemain(){

int i,n,j=0,p[15],ts,tt=0,b[15];printf("Enter the no of process:");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc robin.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the no of process: 4

Enter the process name: 1Enter the burst time for the process: 8Enter the process name: 2Enter the burst time for the process: 12Enter the process name: 3Enter the burst time for the process: 4Enter the process name: 4Enter the burst time for the process: 16

Enter slice time: 4

PROCESS NAME REMANING TIME TOTAL TIME1 4 42 8 83 0 124 12 161 0 202 4 244 8 28

2 0 324 4 364 0 40


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PROGRAM:

#include#include#include

int main(){int child,shmid,i;char *shmptr;child=fork();if(!child){shmid=shmget(2041,32,0666/IPC_CREATE);shmptr=shmat(shmid,0,0);printf("\n PARENT WRITING\n");for(i=0;i


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc shared.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

PARENT WRITINGabcdefghijabcdefghij

CHILD IS READING: abcdefghij


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PROGRAM:

#includeint main(){

int fd[2],child;char a[10];printf("\nEnter the string to enter into the pipes:");scanf("%s",a);pipe(fd);child=fork();if(!child){close(fd[0]);write(fd[1],a,5);wait(0);}else{close(fd[1]);read(fd[0],a,5);printf("\nThe string reterived from the pipe is:%s",a);}return 0;

}


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc pipe.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the string to enter into the pipes: computerThe string retrieved from the pipe is: computer


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PROGRAM:

#includeint currentsize;int n;

main(){int ch;printf("\nEnter the size of the buffer:");scanf("%d",&n);do{printf("\n1.Producer\n2.Consumer\n3.Exit\nEnter your choice:\n");scanf("%d",&ch);switch(ch){case 1:

producer();break;

case 2:consumer();break;

}}while(ch!=3);

}producer()

{int item;printf("\nEnter the no of items to be produced:");scanf("%d",&item);if(0=pdt){currentsize=currentsize-pdt;printf("\nThe items has been consumed");

printf("\nThe no of items in the buffer is %d",currentsize);}


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc producer.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the size of the buffer: 20

1. Producer2. Consumer3. Exit

Enter your choice:1

Enter the no of items to be produced: 17

The item has been producedThe no of items in the buffer is 171. Producer2. Consumer3. Exit

Enter your choice:2

Enter the no of items to be consumed: 14

The items has been consumed

The no of items in the buffer is 31. Producer2. Consumer3. Exit

Enter your choice:3


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PROGRAM:

#includemain(){

int a[20],p[20],i,j,n,m,t;printf("\nEnter the no of blocks:");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i


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}}}for(j=0;j


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc bestfit.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the no of blocks: 3

Enter the 0 of block size: 300Enter the 1 of block size: 200Enter the 2 of block size: 100

Enter the no of process3

Enter the size of 0 of process: 100Enter the size of 1 of process: 300Enter the size of 2 of process: 200

The process 0 allocated to 100The process 1 allocated to 300The process 2 allocated to 200


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PROGRAM:

#includemain(){

int a[20],p[20],i,j,n,m;printf("\nEnter the no of blocks:");scanf("%d",&n);for(i=0;i


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc first.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the no of blocks: 5

Enter the 0 of block size: 500Enter the 1 of block size: 400Enter the 2 of block size: 300Enter the 3 of block size: 200Enter the 4 of block size: 100

Enter the no of process:5

Enter the size of 0 of process: 100Enter the size of 1 of process: 350Enter the size of 2 of process: 400Enter the size of 3 of process: 150Enter the size of 4 of process: 200

The process 0 allocated to 500The process 1 allocated to 400The process 3 allocated to 300The process 4 allocated to 200

The process 2 is not allocated


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PROGRAM:

#includeint main(){

int i,j,n,a[50],frame[10],no,k,avail,count=0;printf("\nEnter the no of pages:\n");scanf("%d",&n);printf("\nEnter the page number:\n");for(i=1;i


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc fifo.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter the no of pages:5

Enter the page number:32145

Enter the number of frames: 2

Ref string Page frame3 3 -12 3 21 1 24 1 45 5 4

Page fault is: 5


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PROGRAM:

#includemain(){

int nframes,len,k,u,min,rep,pos[20],i,j=1,t,m,flag,pf=0,frame[20],s[20];printf("Enter no of frames\n");scanf("%d",&nframes);for(i=1;i


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}elseframe[j++]=s[i];

}for(k=1;k


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc lru.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

Enter no of frames3Enter length of reference string9Enter reference string123456789

1 -1 -11 2 -11 2 34 2 34 5 34 5 6

7 5 67 8 67 8 9

No. of page faults is 9


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PROGRAM:

#include#define MAX 20main()

{int block_size[MAX],file_size[MAX],no_of_blocks,no_of_files;int temp,highest=0;static int block_flag[MAX],file_flag[MAX];int i,j;

printf("\n enter the no of blocks");scanf("%d",&no_of_blocks);for(i=1;i


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OUTPUT:

[user@localhost cse]$ cc worst.c[user@localhost cse]$ ./a.out

enter the no of blocks3

enter the size of memory block1:15



enter the number of files:2

enter the size of file1:12

enter the size of file2:14

file number file size block number block size1 12 3 172 14 3 17

[user@localhost cse]$


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SRINIVASA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

P A R I V A K K A M

CHENNAI-600056

CS2257 OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB RECORD

REGISTER NUMBER:


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SRINIVASA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND T ECHNOLOGY

P A R I V A K K A M

C H E N N A I - 6 0 0 0 5 6

REGISTER NUMBER:

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this is a bonafide record of the work done by

--------------------------------------------------Of Second Year (4th Semester) of

-------------------------------------------- Department in the Operating Systems Laboratory

(CS 2257) during academic year 2009- 2010

Signature of the Staff Signature of HOD

Submitted for the Practical Examination held on ----------------------------

External Examiner Internal Examiner


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INDEX

EX.

NO

DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE

NO.

T. SIGN

OS LAB FULL

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Transcript of OS LAB FULL