OS ISLANDS Dao UB' AL KHALI N ISLAS AIIAN E T R Atlantic … · 2021. 7. 16. · Domingo a ort y w...
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Year of the Maritime Continent (YMC, 2017-2018) An International Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Field Observations • Importance of the MC in global weather-climate continuum • Model errors and biases • International and US Interest/plan Equato Coral Sea Java Sea Celebes Sea Andaman Sea Banda Sea Arafura Timor Sea Sea Bismarck Sea Gulf of Thailand Great Bar Gulf of Carpentaria PAPUA NEW GUINEA SOLOM IS INDIA) SINGAPORE BRUNEI M A L A Y S I A I N D O N E S I A (AUSTL.) (AUSTL.) (AUSTL.) PALAU FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Christmas Island Cocos Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Keeling) Islands SPRATLY ICOBAR SLANDS ISLANDS Medan Ho Chi Minh City Surabaya Bandung Jakarta Singapore Honiara Port Moresby Begawan Bandar Seri Kuala Lumpur Medan Koror Palikir Surabaya Bandung Phnom Penh + (world's greatest ocean depth, -10924 m) J A V A T R E N C H (deepest point of the Indian Ocean, -7258 m) P H ILIP P I N E T R E N C H
Transcript of OS ISLANDS Dao UB' AL KHALI N ISLAS AIIAN E T R Atlantic … · 2021. 7. 16. · Domingo a ort y w...
Year of the Maritime Continent (YMC, 2017-2018) An International Framework for Multi-Disciplinary Field Observations
• Importance of the MC in global weather-climate continuum • Model errors and biases • International and US Interest/plan
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Equator EquatorEquator
Tropic of Capricorn (23˚27') Tropic of Capricorn (23˚27')
Antarctic Circle (66˚33')Antarctic Circle (66˚33')
Tropic of Cancer (23˚27')Tropic of Cancer (23˚27')
Arctic Circle (66˚33')Arctic Circle (66˚33')
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Melbourne
Perth
Sydney
São Paulo
Montréal
Toronto
Vancouver
Shenyang
Shanghai
Guayaquil
Alexandria
Sapporo
Monterrey
Auckland
Durban
Izmir
New York
Lubumbashi
Abidjan
Maracaibo
Johannesburg
Córdoba
Punta Arenas
Rio de Janeiro
Anchorage
Honolulu
Yakutsk
Tianjin
Wuhan
Irkutsk
Atlanta
Belem
Chicago
Denver
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Houston
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Istanbul
Lagos
Manaus
Salvador
Miami
Mashhad
Samara
Omsk
CapeTown
Jerusalem
Jiddah
Yekaterinburg
Novosibirsk
Namibe
Taipei
Medan
NizhniyNovgorod
Odesa
Calcutta
Karachi
Ho Chi Minh City
Belfast
St. Petersburg
Marseille
Barcelona
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
Los Angeles
San Francisco
Surabaya
Alice Springs
Hyderabad
Ahmadabad
Bangalore
Kanpur
Mumbai (Bombay)
Chongqing
Yokohama OsakaPusan
Bandung
Lahore
BeloHorizonte
PôrtoAlegre
Fortaleza
Dallas
Minneapolis
Detroit
Philadelphia
Boston
Guadalajara
Puebla
Edmonton
Cali
Milan
Kharkiv
Aleppo
- -
-
- -
Medellín
'
-
Tombouctou
Chennai(Madras)
Walvis Bay
Barrow
ChengduTijuana
Seattle
Hamburg
Ürümqi
Khabarovsk
Brisbane
Whitehorse
Belgrade
Kabul
Algiers
Luanda
Buenos Aires
Yerevan
Canberra
Vienna
Baku
Nassau Manama
Dhaka
Brussels
Thimphu
La Paz
Gaborone
Bujumbura
Minsk
Yaoundé
Ottawa
N'Djamena
Santiago
Bogotá
Moroni
Brazzaville
San José
Havana
Nicosia
Copenhagen
Quito
Cairo
San Salvador
Malabo
Tallinn
Helsinki
Paris
Libreville
Banjul
Accra
Tarawa
Athens
Guatemala
Conakry
Bissau
Georgetown
Tegucigalpa
Budapest
Jakarta
Tehran ¯
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Dublin
Rome
Yamoussoukro
Kingston
Tokyo
Amman
Nairobi
Bishkek
Vientiane
Beirut
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Tripoli
Vilnius
Antananarivo
Lilongwe
Male
Bamako
Valletta
Nouakchott Mexico
Ulaanbaatar
Rabat
Maputo
Kathmandu
Amsterdam
Wellington
Managua
Niamey
Abuja
Oslo
Muscat
Islamabad
Panama
Asunción
Lima
Manila
Warsaw
Lisbon
Doha
Bucharest
Moscow
Kigali
Seoul
São Tome
Riyadh
Dakar
Victoria
Freetown
Singapore
Harare
Honiara
Mogadishu
Madrid
Colombo Paramaribo
Mbabane
Stockholm
Bern
Damascus
Dushanbe
Bangkok
Lomé
Tunis
Ankara
Abu Dhabi
Kampala
London Kiev
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Ouagadougou
Montevideo
Tashkent
Hanoi
Sarajevo
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Zagreb
Ljubljana
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Bratislava
Port Moresby
New Delhi
P'yongyang
Caracas
Pretoria
PortLouis
Chisinau
BegawanBandar Seri
KualaLumpur
Port-Vila
Noumea
Port-of-Spain
Cayenne
Stanley
Denis
Kuwait
Nuuk (Godthåb)
Ashgabat Washington, D.C.
Dar es Salaam
Majuro
Apia
Funafuti
Suva
Nuku'alofa
Berlin
Perth
Sydney
Auckland
Christchurch
Honolulu
Medan
YarenDistrict
T'bilisi
Beijing
Saipan
Koror Palikir
San Francisco
Port-au-
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Djibouti
Sanaa
Addis
Khartoum
Praia
Podgorica Skopje
Sofia
Papeete
Adamstown
Surabaya
Alice Springs
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Rangoon
Prague
Bandung
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Phnom Penh
- -
Mata-Utu Pago Pago
Tirana
Hagåtña(Agana)
Astana
-
¯
Dependency or area of special sovereignty
Capital
Scale 1:35,000,000Robinson Projection
Island / island group
Independent state
Physical Map of the World, August 1999
of a joint independent state, but this entity hasnot been formally recognized as a state by theUnited States.
Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation
Boundary representation is not necessarily authoritative.
Nineteen of 26 Antarctic consultative nationshave made no claims to Antarctic territory(although Russia and the United States havereserved the right to do so) and they do not recognize the claims of the other nations.
b
a
August 1999
DI Cartography Center 802657AI (R00349) 8-99
standard parallels 38˚N and 38˚S
BermudaSicily / AZORES
AUSTRALIA
Mt. McKinley
Lac 'Assal
Peninsula Valdés
Gora El'brus
Dead Sea
(lowest point in South America, -40 m)
Vinson Massif(highest point in Antarctica, 5140 m)
-155 m)(lowest point in Africa,
Mt. Kilimanjaro(highest point in Africa, 5895 m)
(lowest point in Europe, -28 m)
(lowest point in Asia, -408 m)
Death Valley(lowest point in
North America, -86 m)
(highest point in North America, 6194 m)
Cerro Aconcagua(highest point in South America,
6962 m)
(highest point in Europe, 5633 m)
Mt. Everest(highest point in Asia
and the world, 8848 m)
+
GREA
TRI
FT
VALLEY
S A H A R A D E S E R T
NA
MI B
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+
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H I M A L A Y A S+
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Challenger Deep(world's greatest ocean depth, -10924 m)
M
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AT
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NC
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Milwaukee Deep(deepest point of the
Atlantic Ocean, -8605 m)
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Indian Ocean, -7258 m)PHILIPPINE
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PE
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T RE N C H
+
+
Mount Kosciuszko(highest point in Australia, 2229m)
Lake Eyre(lowest point in Australia, -15 m)
S I B E R I A
RUB' AL KHALI
GREAT VICTORIA DESERT
Importance of the MC in Global Weather-Climate Continuum • Mean Convective Center: Walker Circulation, ENSO • Center of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool • MJO Barrier • Biomass Burning Aerosol • Indonesian ThroughFlow (ITF) and mixing in Indonesian Seas:
impact on regional SST, heat balance and rainfall patterns on MJO, Monsoon, to ENSO time scales
Model Errors and Biases: • Wrong diurnal peak time in parameterized convection; • MJO prediction barrier; • Mean Precipitation Biases (mm/day) in CMIP5 Models
against CMAP (1979-2005);
Courtesy of T. Toniazzo
YMC Hypotheses (under development)
1. Up-scale effects of the convective diurnal cycle on the MJO, monsoon, and mean precipitation
2. Interaction between the sources, transport, and
removal of aerosol and convection/circulation on the diurnal cycle, MJO, and monsoon timescales
3. Air-sea interaction and upper-ocean processes on
the diurnal, MJO, monsoon timescales
YMC (2017 – 2018) A year of field campaign with several IOPs
Observational Targets: - Atmospheric convection (diurnal cycle, on-off shore development) - Aerosol from biomass burning and sea spray (physical and chemical properties) - Upper Ocean mixing (tidal, inertial, turbulent mixing, nutrient flux, SST feedback) - Upwelling and through flows
Marion Dufresne
Dayang #1
Shiyan 3
R/V B. Jaya-III
Institute/ Agency Facilities Observational Target Location Time Status Contact
DOE ARM AMF2/MAOS C-band radar
Atmospheric convection and aerosol
Pontiank, or Makassar or Pameungpeuk, Indonesia
August 2017 – July 2018 Proposal due May 1, 2014 Chidong Zhang
NASA P-3 Aerosol-cloud interaction ? Aug – Sept 2017 Proposal due 2015 Jeff Reid
NCAR S-PolKa, ISS, DOW Atmospheric convection and their environment ? ? Proposal due January 2015 Courtney Schumacher
NCAR C-130 or G5 Aerosol, microphysics, large-scale gradient Singapore/Darwin ? Proposal due January 2015 Andrew Heymsfield
NOAA S-band profiler Cloud hydrometers At the primary site of YMC-ARM
August 2017 – July 2018 ? Christopher Williams
CSU Filter collections Ice nucleating particle concentrations At the MAOS site August 2017 –
July 2018 ready Sonia M Kreidenweis [email protected]
NCAR/ NOAA/NSF
Rain gauge and distrometer network
Precipitation and drop size distribution MC August 2017 –
July 2018 ? David Gochis [email protected]
BMKG 20 radiosonde stations 176 surface stations Large-scale conditions Indonesia 2015 - In progress Noer Hayati
[email protected] NUM soundings Large-scale conditions Malaysia 2017 - ? PAGASA soundings Large-scale conditions Philippines 2017-18 ?
NEA Soundings, radars Convection Singapore 2017-18 ? Chris Gordon [email protected]
KIT KITcube Atmospheric convection and aerosol ? ? ? Andreas Fink
CNR WV Raman lidar Atmospheric water vapor ? ? ? Gian Liberti [email protected]
JAMSTEC X-band radar lidar Atmospheric convection Sumatra, Indonesia Oct 2017 –
Mar 2018 Funded Shuichi Mori [email protected]
JAMSTEC X-band radar, lidar Atmospheric convection Aimeliik, Palau April 2017 – Mar 2018 Funded Ryuichi Shirooka
JAMSTEC radiosondes Monsoon Philippines July – Aug 2017 Funded Hisayuki Kubota
Kyoto Univ. Equatorial Atmosphere Radar Atmospheric profiles Kototabang (west
Sumatra) May 2014 – June 2018 Funded Hiroyuki Hashiguchi
[email protected] ETH – Zurich Ice Nucleus Counter IN concentrations
A-CI ? ? ? Zamin Kanji [email protected]
NTU/PCCU/NCU/ RCEC
Soundings, rain gauges, disdrometers, soil moisture measurements
Atmospheric convection, topographic precipitation ? ? ?
Wei-Ting Chen [email protected] Cheng-Ku Yu [email protected]
CNES superpressure balloons (Strateole-2)
Tropospheric-stratospheric interaction Equatorial IO, MC, WP ? Funded Philippe Cocquerez
JAMSTEC R/V Mirai Equatorial upwelling, atmospheric convection
Eastern equatorial Indian Ocean
Nov 2017 – Feb 2018 Proposal due May 7, 2014 Kunio Yoneyama
[email protected] BOM/ CSIRO R/V Investigator Monsoon convection and
air-sea interaction Indonesian Seas Early 2018 Proposal due July 2015 Wheeler Matthew [email protected]
FIO R/V Dayang #1 upwelling Eastern Indian Ocean ? ? Weidong Yu [email protected]
SCSIO R/V Shiyan-3 Monsoon air-sea interaction South China Sea ? ? Dongxiao Wang
LEGOS R/V Marion Dufresne Mixing, ITF Banda Sea ? ? Ariane Koch-Larrouy [email protected]
IHD/MGI R/V Baruna Jaya R/V Geomarin III mixing Banda Sea ? ? Ariane Koch-Larrouy
Current Status and Plans - A 2-page white paper and seven appendices (MJO, aerosol, diurnal cycle, upper
ocean mixing and SST, equatorial upwelling, South China Sea, TTL) - DOE proposal submitted (May 2014) - JAMSTEC proposal submitted (May 2014) - Briefing at the US Clivar Summit (today) - Briefing at the Hague pan-Clivar meeting (July 2014) - MC session at the Sapporo AOGS meeting (July 2014) - Regional YMC planning meeting, Jakarta (September 2014) - MC session at the 2014 AGU meeting (December 2014) - EOL facility request and NSF proposal to be submitted (January 2015) - International YMC planning meeting, Singapore (early 2015) - NASA proposal to be submitted (2015) - R/V Instigator proposal to be submitted (July 2015)
Connections to Other Projects: - Second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2 ) - The Tropical Pacific Observation System 2020 (TPOS2020) - The Seven SouthEast Asian Studies (7-SEAS) - MJO Task Force – Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction MC subproject
Anticipated YMC Legacy: - Unprecedented field observations for improvement of
understanding and numerical models - Capacity building for regional applications of global weather
and climate resources and for high-quality long-term environmental monitoring.
Banda Ache
Padang
Medan
Bengkulu
Cilacap
Ranai
Biak
Manado
Palu
Makassar
Merauke
Ambon
Kupang
Cengkareng
Pangkal Pinang
Pontianak
Surabaya
Pangkalan Bun
Tarakan
Sorong
Papua (10)
Sulut (5) Grtlo (1) Sulbar (2)
Sulteng (2)
Kalbar (10)
Babel (1) Riau (2)
Sumut (2) NAD (2)
NTT (7)
Sultra (3) Sulsel (7)
Kalsel (3)
Kalteng (7)
NTB (3) Bali (3) Jatim (18) DIY (3) Jateng
(21) Jabar (18)
Banten (8)
Lampung (12)
Sumsel (2)
Jambi (4)
Sumbar (1)
Kepri (1)
DKI (6)
Papua Barat (2) Malut (4)
Maluku (3)
Kaltim (3)
Automatic Weather Station Routine Radiosonde Sounding Netwok
Input from the US Clivar and IAG needed: How should the US participation in the YMC be best pursued? - Proposal deadlines and procedures are different; - Some components may need multi-agency cost sharing; - Shall we have a US YMC data policy? - Shall there be a US YMC Project Office? - What overarching science document is needed at this stage? - Shall we establish special graduate scholarships for students
from the MC countries? - What should be the role of US ships? - Shall the US State Department stay away from the YMC or
get involved early on? - What is the oversight so far?
