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Abstract

Pupulin, F. 2012. The Orchidaceae of Ruiz & Pavns Flora Peruvianaet Chilensis. A taxonomic study. II. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 69(2):143-186.

The paper presents the second part of the study of the orchid illustrationsproduced during the Royal expedition to Peru and Chile, headed by Ruizand Pavn in late XVIII century. Species of the genera included between

Oncidium andZygopetalum are discussed. For each taxon references tothe nomenclatorial types, synonymy, illustrations and exsiccata preparedduring the expedition, as well as to Ruiz diaries and the unpublishedmanuscripts of the expeditions botanists, are provided. In the absence ofany specimens referable to the type collections and associated with theprotologues, Maxillaria ciliata and M. undatiflora are formally lectotypifiedwith the type illustrations conserved in MA. Rodriguezia lanceolata, origi-nally based on at least two syntypes, is lectotypified. New combinationsare proposed for Bletia uniflora, Humboldtia acutiflora, H. polystachya andMaxillaria undatiflora.

Keywords: scientific expeditions, botanical illustrations, Hiplito Ruiz andJos Pavn, Orchidaceae, Peru, Ecuador, typification.

Resumen

Pupulin, F. 2012. Las Orchidaceae de la Flora Peruviana et Chilensis deRuiz y Pavn. Estudio taxonmico. II. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 69(2):143-186 (en ingls).

El trabajo presenta la segunda parte del estudio de las ilustraciones de or-qudea producidas durante la Real Expedicin al Per y Chile, liderada porRuiz y Pavn. Se discuten las especies de los gneros incluidos entre Onci-

dium yZygopetalum. Para cada uno de los txones se proveen referenciasa los tipos nomenclaturales, sinonimia, ilustraciones y exsiccata prepara-dos durante la expedicin, as como a los diarios de Ruiz y a los manuscri-tos inditos de los botnicos de la expedicin. En ausencia de especmenesde las recolectas tipo o de alguna manera asociables a los protlogos, selectotipifican Maxillaria ciliata y M. undatiflora con las ilustraciones de lostipos conservadas en MA. Se lectotipifica Rodriguezia lanceolata, original-mente basada en por lo menos dos sintipos. Se proponen nuevas combi-naciones para Bletia uniflora, Humboldtia acutiflora, H. polystachya y Ma-

xillaria undatiflora.

Palabras clave: expediciones cientficas, ilustracin botnica, HiplitoRuiz y Jos Pavn, Orchidaceae, Per, Ecuador, tipificacin.

Anales del Jardn Botnico de Madrid. 69(2): 143-186, julio-diciembre 2012. ISSN: 0211-1322. doi: 10.3989/ajbm. 2336

INTRODUCTION

The background and aims of the Royal Botanical Expedi-tion to Peru and Chile carried out by the Spanish monarchy inthe second half of 18th Century, as well as the main results inorchidology of the expedition, have been highlighted in thefirst part of this study (Pupulin, 2012). We presented therethe figures of the illustrators sent by King Carlos III to thecolonies of the New World and of the other artists who joinedthe Expedition during the almost forty years spent in SouthAmerica by Ruiz and Pavn and their attachs. The criticalstudy of the orchid iconography, the manuscripts and the col-lections brought back by the expeditionaries from tropicalSouth America, proved to be fundamental for the correct

identification and typification of the orchid taxa originally de-scribed by Ruiz and Pavn (1794, 1798) and recorded in theirdocumentary legacy. Whilst we previously discussed speciesarranged alphabetically fromAcianthera Scheidw. toMaxil-lariella M.A. Blanco & Carnevali (Pupulin, 2012), in this con-tribution the discussion focuses on the interpretation of taxafrom Oncidium Sw. toZygopetalum Hook. At the light of thebotanical illustrations prepared during the Expedition, eachspecies is presented in this second part of the study with com-plete references to the nomenclatural types and their syn-onyms and lectotyipified when required, the unpublishedmanuscripts and exsiccata now kept at the Royal BotanicalGarden (RJB), and to its mention in the the travel diaries by

Ruiz (2007).

ICONES

49. Oncidium crocidipterum (Rchb.f.) M.W. Chase & N.H.Williams, Lindleyana 21(3): 24. 2008. Fig. 33A, B

Basionym: Odontoglossum crocidipterum Rchb.f., Gard.Chron. 1129. 1871.

Type: Colombia (New Granada). Received through StuartLow,Bruchmller s.n. (holotype, W).

Synonyms: Odontoglossum dormanianum Rchb.f., Gard.Chron. n.s., 21: 11. 1884.

Odontoglossum crocidipterum subsp. dormanianum (Rchb.f.)Bockemhl, Odontoglossum, Monogr. 162. 1989.

Odontoglossum crocidipterum fo. dormanianum (Rchb.f.) O.Gruss & M. Wolff, Orchid Atlas 244. 2007.

Oncidium crocidipterum subsp. dormanianum (Rchb.f.) M.W.Chase & N.H. Williams, Lindleyana 21(3): 24. 2008.

Type: Colombia.S.W. Dorman s.n. (holotype, W).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1232, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar,

plant with flowers. Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / Maxillaria/ 77. AJB, Div. IV, 1233, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar,flower, floral dissections, pollinarium and anther. Fran.coPulgar [signature] / Maxillaria? / 77.

Herbarium: No material of this taxon is present in MA.

Oncidium crocidipterum ranges from Venezuela and Co-lombia to Peru, where it inhabits cool montane wet forests be-tween 2200 and 2800 m. Zelenko and Bermdez (2008) of-

fered a photograph of a Peruvian specimen of this species. The

The Orchidaceae of Ruiz & PavnsFlora Peruviana et Chilensis. A taxonomic study. II

Franco Pupulin

Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa RicaHarvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. U.S.A. / Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL, U.S.A.

[email protected]

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Anales del Jardn Botnico de Madrid 69(2): 143-186, julio-diciembre 2012. ISSN: 0211-1322. doi: 10.3989/ajbm. 2336

144

Peruv. Chil. 1: 225. 1798.Type: Peru. Junn: Habitat on nemoribus Tarmae ad Vitoc

arce, unde Joannes Tafalla ad nos iconem ed descriptionemmisit,J.J. Tafalla s.n. (lectotype, MA).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1235, drawing of type, selected here asthe Lectotypus; tempera on paper by F. Pulgar, plant habitwith flowers, detail of a flower and floral dissections.Franc.co Pulgar [signature] / 89 / 14 Maxillaria undatiflo-ra [Tafalla].

Herbarium: No type specimens of this taxon are known to exist.

The type specimen ofMaxillaria undatiflora (not con-served) was found at Vitoc, where Tafalla and Pulgar are cer-tain to have collected in 1794, according to several specimensannotated by Tafalla and kept in MA. The illustrations pre-pared from the material found in this region are among the lastprepared by F. Pulgar, whose appointment as draftsman of theexpedition was officially terminated in March, 1797. Accord-ing to the protologue, Ruiz and Pavn (1798) prepared theirshort diagnosis ofM. undatifloraon the basis of the illustration

and the description sent by Tafalla; it is probable that they nev-er received an actual specimen of this species. In the absenceof any know specimen associated with the protologue, the il-lustration by Pulgar is chosen as the lectotype. It shows theseveral distichous, large, imbricating sheaths the upper onesfoliaceous which envelope the pseudobulb, the prominently

5-veined, oblanceolate, subacuminate leaves, the erect, panic-ulate, inflorescence with few-flowered, short lateral branches,and the flowers with yellow sepals and petals, blotched withbrownish red, waved-undulated along the margins, and the

white, 3-lobed lip, with the midlobe abruptly recurved, pro-vided with a bilamellate, dentate callus, which distinguishO. undatiflorum.

Oncidium undatiflorum is known only from the region ofTarma, in central Peru. It could be the first name for Odon-toglossum ariasii Dalstrm (syn. Oncidium manuelariasiiM.W. Chase & N.H. Williams), another species endemic tothe cool, wet montane forests of Peru, originally collected atHuasahuasi, not far from the type locality ofO. undatiflorum.

52. Ornithidium aggregatum (Kunth) Rchb.f., Bonplandia 2:18. 1854, vel affinis. Fig. 33D

Basionym: Dendrobium aggregatum Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp.(quarto ed.) 1: 358. 1816.

Synonyms:Maxillaria aggregata (Kunth) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Or-chid. Pl. 151. 1831. Laricorchis aggregata (Kunth) Szlach.,Richardiana 7: 28. 2006.

Type: Peru. Crescit on crepidinibus Andium mitioris tem-periei inter villam Meneses et urbem Pasto, al 1480 hex.,A.J.A. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. von Humboldt(holotype, P,not seeen).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1319, tempera on paper by J. Brunete,plant habit and detail of a fruit. Jph. Brunete [signature] /Complanata? [Ruiz] / [inverted] Limodorum? [Ruiz].

Herbarium: MA 810829, plant, sterile. Cochero.

The plate by Brunete illustrates a pendent species ofOr-nithidium without pseudobulbs, provided with a long, wiry

rhizome and dense clusters of equitant (laterally flattened), fal-

F. Pupulin

plant illustrated by F. Pulgar could had been collected in theregion of Hunuco, where he traveled with Tafalla to Mua,Pillao, Pozuzo and Chicoplaya between 1791 and 1796.

The ovoid to elliptic pseudobulbs, sometimes blotchedwith purple, enveloped at the base by several distichous, im-bricating sheaths, apically provided with 2 linear-lanceolateleaves, the relatively short inflorescence and the fragrant flow-ers, ochre with chestnut blotches and bars, with deeply lacer-ate-fringed column wings, distinguish O. crocidipterum.

50. Oncidium planilabre Lindl., J. Hort. Soc. London 6: 59.1851. Fig. 33C

Type: Brazil. Locality unknown. Received from R.A. Grey,esq., who obtained it from Brazil and presented it to the So-ciety through Thomas Edgar, Esq.,R.A. Grey s.n. (holo-type, K).

Synonyms: Oncidium aloisiiSchltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. RegniVeg. Beih. 8: 102. 1921 (according to Dodson & Dodson1980).

Type: Ecuador. Chimborazo: Puente de Chimbo, 600 m, A.Sodiro 110A (holotype, B).

Oncidium hirundo Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 15(10): 158.1857.

Type: Without locality. Cultum communicavit nobiliss. prin-ceps Camille de Rohan,Rohan s.n. (holotype, W, not seen;drawing of type, AMES!).

Oncidium pardothyrsus Rchb.f. & Warsz., Bot. Zeitung (Ber-lin) 15(10): 158. 1857.

Type: Peru. Ex Peruvia attulit de Warscewicz,J. Warzewiczs.n. (holotype, W, not seen; drawing of type, AMES!).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1248, tempera on paper without signa-

ture (but likely attributable to X. Corts), plant habit withinflorescence, flower, floral dissection and fruit. 608. Ma-xillaria. Flor del Espiritu Santo [Tafalla].

Herbarium: No material of this taxon is kept in MA.

Conserved in the Archives of the RJB is a manuscript de-scription of this species by J.A. Manzanilla (AJB, Div. IV, 4, 3,fol. 83: N. 374 / L. 608), where the original collecting locationis indicated as Habitat supra arbores Provintia Huayaquil. Flo-ret tempore pluvarum. Vulgo Flor del Spiritu Santo. The illus-tration in MA bears a manuscript number which corresponds toManzanillas description and was prepared in Ecuador, whereO. planilabre is still relatively common in the tropical dry forestsof the Pacific region, in the provinces of Guayas, El Oro and

Manab, from the sea level to about 300 meters. The species hasbeen also recorded in Brazil (the type) and Peru.

O. planilabre is distinguished from other relatives in SouthAmerica by elliptic, complanate, sulcate, subancipitous pseu-dobulbs, enclosed at the base by several foliaceous sheaths anddiphyllous at apex, the inflorescence has, usually, few branch-es; the flowers have a relatively small, 3-lobed lip, with the lat-eral lobes subequal in size to the subrounded midlobe, and thecolumn is almost wingless.

51. Oncidium undatiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pupulin, comb.nov. Fig. 34

Basionym: Maxillaria undatiflora Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl.

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145Orchidaceae of Flora Peruviana et Chilensis

Fig. 33. A, Oncidium crocidipterum. AJB, Div. IV, 1232, plant with flowers, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; B, Oncidium crocidipterum. AJB, Div. IV, 1233,flower, floral dissections, pollinarium and anther, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; C, Oncidium planilabre. AJB, Div. IV, 1248, tempera on paper without sig-

nature; D, Ornithidium aggregatum. AJB, Div. IV, 1319, tempera on paper by J. Brunete.

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146 F. Pupulin

Fig. 34. Lectotype of Oncidium undatiflorum. AJB, Div. IV, 1235, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

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cate-recurved leaves, belonging to the so-called Maxillariaaggregata complex. The oldest name for this group is Den-drobium aggregatum, originally described from Peru; otherspecies of this complex have been recorded there, amongwhich are two closely allied species, O. nubigenum Rchb.f. (thetype, Colombia) and O. minutiflorum (D.E. Benn. & Chris-tenson) M.A. Blanco & Ojeda. In the absence of flowers, bothin Brunetes plate and in the only extant sheet in MA (proba-bly referrable to this illustration), a definitive identification isnot possible.

According to a manuscript note on the actual specimen, theplant was collected at Cuchero, where the members of the ex-pedition first collected between July and August of 1780,when their camp was attacked by Indians of Tupac Amaru IIsparty, and again in the first months of 1784.

53. Otoglossum sp. Fig. 35A

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1234, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar,habit with flowers. Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / 83 / Max-

illaria.Herbarium: No materials of this taxon are conserved in MA.

The large plant with a stout, several-flowered inflorescence,with conspicuous flowers, brown edged with yellow, providedwith crisped-undulate sepals and petals and a shorter, 3-lobed,pandurate, cream-colored lip, easily distinguish species of thegenus Otoglossum (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst.

The species illustrated by Pulgar, however, apparently dif-fers from any other species ofOtoglossum s.str. recorded inPeru (Zelenko & Bermdez, 2009). While in the shape of thelip midlobe and general color it is somewhat similar to O.brachypterum (Rchb.f.) Garay & Dunst., the drawing in MA

shows the lip provided with very narrow lateral lobes, a featurethat does not agree with other Peruvian species of the genus.The Otoglossum painted by Pulgar strongly resembles anEcuadorian plant illustrated in Dodson and Dodson (1984:pl. 975) as O. coronarium. As pointed out by Jenny (2010),this species is probably still undescribed. Unfortunately, noherbarium specimens of this taxon are kept in MA among thematerial of the Expedition.

54. Pelexia pavonii (Rchb.f.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 28(4):345. 1982. Fig. 35B

Basionym: Spiranthes pavonii Rchb.f., Bonplandia 4: 211.1856.

Synonym: Sarcoglottis pavonii Rchb.f., Bonplandia 4: 211.1856, etSchltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37(2): 419. 1920.

Type: Peru. Cochero, exemplar unico,J. Pavn s.n. (holoty-pe, G 169153, digital image!).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1259, drawing of type, tempera on paperby J. Brunete, plant with flowers. Jph. Brunete [signature]/ Satyrium luteum [Ruiz].

Herbarium: No material of this species is present in MA.

Ruiz (2007: 136; Ms. 12) refers to Satyrium luteumamong the plants discovered and described in the Provinceof Tarma and the frontiers of its Mountains (id. 130; Ms. 10),from June 1779 to the beginning of January of the next year.

However, the holotype was collected at least six months later,

during the stay of the Expedition in Hunuco and the excur-sion to Cuchero in July 1780 (id. 156-165: Ms. 18-21).

No original specimens ofP. pavoniiare conserved in MA.The manuscript, labeled by Pavn on the type sheet in G,clearly indicates that the specimen is an unicatum: Exemplareunico / ex Gynandria / Orchys / Cochero [Pavn] / herb. Pa-von [alia manu]. It was received in Geneva with the Herbar-ium Barbey-Boissier, in which it was incorporated through theacquisition of specimens from Lamberts herbarium, which in-cluded specimens bought from the collections of the OficinaBotnica in Madrid. Reichenbach described the new speciesamong the novelties from Ruiz and Pavns Peruvian collec-tions, which he had the opportunity to study in Boissiersherbarium (Reichenbach, 1856).

Probably endemic to Peru, P. pavoniimay be recognized bythe cylindrical, thick roots, the oblong-lanceolate, acuteleaves, by an inflorescence slightly puberulent with acutebracts, and by the flowers which are provided with a shortspur, the petals apically agglutinate to the dorsal sepal, and a

ligulate-pandurate lip with the midlobe semiovate, acute,crenulated along the margins. For further synonymy of thistaxon, see Schweinfurth (1951).

55. Phragmipedium boissierianum (Rchb. f.) Rolfe, OrchidRev. 4: 332. 1896. Fig. 35C

Basionym:Selenipedium boissierianum Rchb.f., Xen. Orch. 1:3. 1854.

Synonyms: Cypripedium boissierianum (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Bon-plandia 2: 116. 1854.

Selenipedium boissierianum Rchb.f., Xen. Orch. 1: 3. 1854.Paphiopedilum boissieranum (Rchb.f.) Stein, Orchid.-Buch

456. 1892.

Paphiopedilum boissierianum (Rchb.f.) Pfitzer, Bot. Jahrb.Syst. 19: 41. 1894.

Phragmopedilum boissierianum (Rchb.f.) Pfitzer, Pflanzenr.IV. 50 (Heft 12): 50. 1903.

Type: Peru. Pillao, 1787,J. Pavn s.n. (holotype, G; possibleisotype, BM).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1324, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar,plant habit with flowers, floral dissection and fruit.Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / 170. Cypripedium [Tafalla].

Herbarium: MA 810806, inflorescences and flowers. Gy-nand. Diandria / Cypripedium / F. P. c. L. N. 170 / Ex Vi-toc. Ao 94 [Tafalla]; Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz etPavon / 24/88. MA 810805, inflorescences, sterile. Her-barium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 24/88.

Reichenbach fillius twice describedSelenipedium boissieria-num in 1854. Current taxonomic literature usually quotes theoriginal protologue as published in Bonplandia, where Rei-chenbach (1854b) presented an account on the recent SouthAmerican collections by J. Ritter von Warszewicz. Here Re-ichenbach offers a checklist of the species ofSelenipedium,quoting hisS. boissierianum as already published, and provid-ing a short diagnosis, but no information, about the origin ofthe type specimen. The ninth issue ofBonplandia for 1854, withReichenbachs note onSelenipedium, was published on May 1,1854. Meanwhile, in the first volume ofXenia Orchidacea, dis-

tributed on 1st April, 1854, he also provided a latin diagnosis of

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F. Pupulin148


Fig. 35. A, Otoglossum sp. AJB, Div. IV, 1234, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; B, Pelexia pavonii. AJB, Div. IV, 1259, drawing of type, tempera on paper byJ. Brunete; C, Phragmipedium boissierianum. AJB, Div. IV, 1324, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; D, Phragmipedium caudatum. AJB, Div. IV, 1323, inflores-

cence with two flowers; tempera on paper by J. Brunete.

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Orchidaceae of Flora Peruviana et Chilensis 149


S. boissierianum, quoting it among the species ofSelenipediumsection Acaulia coriifolia and including Cypripedium boissie-rianum Rchb.f. (in Litt.) as a synonym (Reichenbach, 1854a:3). Further on in the same volume (Reichenbach, 1858: 176-177, and Pl. 62), the author offered a complete description andillustration of the species, where he expressly stated that he

knew only one specimen by Pavn, originally labeled Cypri-pedium grandiflorum. Pillao. 1787. The illustration, whichshows the apex of the inflorescence, with two flowers in profileand details of the staminode, was also prepared from Pavnsspecimen in the Boissier Herbarium.

McCook (correction label, 1989) considered the two exsic-cata ofP. boissierianum conserved in MA as isotypes, but thishypothesis has no foundation. MA 810806 bears an original la-bel by Tafalla, expressly stating that the plant was collected atVitoc in 1794, and MA 810805 has the same number of theHerbarium Peruvianum (24/88), likely being part of thesame original collection, while the holotype was collected atPillao seven years before. TheRelacin by Ruiz makes no ref-

erence to Cypripedium grandiflorum among the plants col-lected at Pillao (Ruiz, 2007: 301-304; Ms. 58-59). The beauti-ful plate by Francisco Pulgar was prepared from the specimenconserved in Madrid, and the number of the Lmina corre-sponds to that indicated on the label by Tafalla (170). A pos-sible isotype ofP. boissierianum, sterile, with original label byPavn (Cypripedium grandiflorum / del Peru), is conservedat the British Museum (BM 26164, digital image!). This isprobably the second species, taken by Mathews out of thesame collection, but [] too imperfect to be introducedhere, which Lindley (1840) saw in Sir William Jackson Hook-ers herbarium and mentioned in his description ofCypripe-

dium caudatum (McCook, 1989).The Archives of RJB also host a recto and verso manuscriptdescription, in Tafallas handwriting, headed L. 170. / Gy-nadria Diandria / Cypripedium / [] (AJB, Div. IV, 4, 3,fol. 104). According to the habitat notes provided by themanuscript, the plant illustrated by F. Pulgar was collectedalong the shores of the Maraynioc river (Habitat Silvis Vitocmarginibus Fluvii Maray / nio).

Endemic to Peru [ranging to southern Ecuador ifP. czer-wiakowianum (Rchb. f.) Rolfe is considered as a synonym], P.boissierianum grows in premontane to montane wet forests,along the eastern slopes of the Andes, from 400 to 1500 m,where it is mostly found in exposed road cuts or rocky slopes,

or on the forest edges along streams.A member ofPhragmipedium section Lorifolia (Kraenzl.)

Garay, characterized by the petals being distinctly longer thanthe sepals and fully grown at anthesis, the flowers producedsuccessively, and the lip with a pair of hornlike outgrowths atboth sides of the opening, P. boissierianum can be recognizedby its green flowers, sometimes flushed with bronze, and theundulate crisped margins of the petals.

56. Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rolfe, Orchid Rev. 4:332. 1896. Figs. 35D, 36A

Basionym: Cypripedium caudatum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.

531. 1840.

Selenipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rchb.f., Xenia Orchidacea, 1:3. 1854 [April] etBonplandia 2: 116. 1854 [May].

Paphiopedilum caudatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19:164. 1880.

Phragmopedilum caudatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer, Pflanzenr. 4.50(12): 51. 1903.

Type: Peru. Hab. in Peruvia; In herbario Ruizii et Pavonii Li-mae conservato invenit Mathews, et Hookero misit J.Pavon s.n. (holotype, K!).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1323, tempera on paper by J. Brunete,inflorescence with two flowers. Brunete [signature] / 62 /Cypripedium grandiflorum [Ruiz]. AJB, Div. IV, 1322,tempera on paper by J. Brunete, plant and base of the inflo-rescence. Brunete [signature] / 62 Cypripedium grandi-florum.

Herbarium: MA 810807, fertile. Cypripedium grandiflorum/ Pillao 1787; Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon /N 2487. MA 810808, sterile. Herbarium Peruvianum /Ruiz et Pavon / N 2487.

According to Lindley (1840), the description ofC. cauda-tumwas prepared, on the basis of a mutilated flower, from aspecimen of the herbarium of Ruiz and Pavn obtained inLima by Mathews and sent to Sir William Jackson Hooker.The holotype at Kew does not have, unfortunately, any indi-cation of the original collecting locality. On the type sheet it ismounted with another Peruvian specimen, collected by W.Davies in 1873 at Mua, one of the localities visited by Ruiz,Pavn, Brunete and Glvez. From the diary of the Expedi-tion, we know that the botanists observed populations ofCypripedium grandiflorum around Tarma, at Cuchero andMua, and at least one of the specimens in MA was collectedat Pillao. Ruiz (2007: 283-287; Ms. 53-54) prepared a descrip-tion ofC. grandiflorum during his stay in Mua, between Au-gust and September 1786, and, according to the diary, thespecies was probably illustrated at the same time (idem: 283;Ms. 53). It should be noted, however, that Ruiz apparentlyalso employed the same name, Cypripedium grandiflorum, torefer to another species from Peru, eventually described byReichenbachfilius with the name Selenipedium boisseria-num on the basis of a specimen by Ruiz and Pavn (Reichen-bach, 1854a). A sterile specimen labelled Cypripediumgrandiflorum / del Peru in Pavns handwriting, now inG (26164!), most probably corresponds to P. boisseria-num, and Schweinfurth includes Cypripedium grandiflorum

among the manuscript names under the synonymy ofP. bois-serianum but not under that ofP. caudatum (Schweinfurth,1958: 17-19).

The plant ofP. caudatum illustrated by Brunete is likelyfrom the area of Mua, but I do not include it among the typematerials ofCypripedium caudatum because we have no dataabout the holotype to support this choice. On the other hand,I am tempted to consider that the specimen found by Mathewsin Lima, which eventually became the holotype ofC. cauda-tum, was not part of the primary set ofexsiccata of the Spanishbotanists, or they would not have left it in Peru.

Another sheet with a single flower ofPhragmipedium cauda-tum, annotated by Pavn himself as Cypripedium grandiflo-

rum / del Peru / Flor, is kept in BM (26160!), but, according

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to a manuscript label (Peru. Herb: Pavon), this specimenwas probably one of the plants sold by Pavn and acquired bythe British Museum with the Lambert herbarium. In 1989,L.M. McCook annotated the specimen as Isotype (correctionlabel, 1989; McCook, 1989) but with no indication of locationor collecting date to support this decision. The Barbey-Boissier Herbarium in G also conserves a specimen ofP. cau-datum (G 169103!) that was originally part of the materialskept at the Oficina Botnica, obtained by Geneva through theLambert herbarium. It is annotated by Reichenbachfilius asSelenipedium caudatum and it was surely part of Ruiz andPavns primary set of plants: like the specimens in MA, it in-cludes all the vegetative parts and the inflorescence with aflower. McCook (1989, 1998) included the sheet in G andthose in MA among the isotypes ofP. caudatum, but there is noconvincing evidence about their status as types.

In his diary, Ruiz makes no mention of any collection ofC. grandiflorum at Pillao, where the members of the Expedi-tion herborized from August to November, 1787. The illustra-

tion by Brunete was surely done before the journey of Ruiz,Pavn and Tafalla to Pillao because the artist died in Pasco onMay 14, 1787, and his last works were prepared not later thanNovember 1786, when he left Hunuco for Lima. Ruiz record-ed C. grandiflorum from the mountains of Tarma (Ruiz, 2007:136; Ms. 12), where the group collected in 1779; fromCuchero (idem: 165; Ms. 21), where the botanists and the craf-stmen worked in July and August, 1780; and from the vicinityof Mua where, according to the diary (idem: 287; Ms. 55), thespecies was described and illustrated between August andNovember 1786. In the latter note, Ruiz recorded the localname ofC. grandiflorum as Rima-Rima (ibid.), a name that isalso referred toMasdevallia uniflora (idem: 136; Ms. 12).

As understood today, after the removal of Central Ame-rican populations under Phragmipedium humboldtii(Warsz.) J.T. Atwood & Dressler, P. caudatum is apparentlyendemic to Peru, where it has been recorded in Cuzco,Hunuco, and Puno, as a terrestrial on fully exposed grassyslopes, more rarely as a lithophyte or epiphyte, at elevationsof 1500-2500 m.

This large plant is characterized by ligulate, leathery, distic-hous leaves, an erect inflorescence subequal to the leaves, with2-4 flowers open simultaneously. The flowers, with narrowpetals that continue to grow after anthesis, reaching over 70cm in length, are unmistakable.

57. Pleurothallis cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Or-chid. Pl. 5. 1830. Fig. 36B

Basionym: Humboldtia cordata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Pe-ruv. Chil. 1: 234. 1798.

Synonyms:Stelis cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 140.1805.

Acronia cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Mis-souri Bot. Gard. 103: 114. 2005.

Type: Peru. Hunuco: Habitat in montibus Mua supra saxaet arbores, copiose ad Rinconada tractum, H. Ruiz & J.Pavn s.n. (MA, B, BM, F).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1327, possible drawing of type, tempera

on paper by F. Pulgar; plant habit, with fruits.157 /


150 F. Pupulin

Fran.co Pulgar [ signature] / Humboldtia cordata [Ruiz?]/42. F..

Herbarium: MA 810811, Typus, sterile. Humboltia cordata /Pillao 1787 / Gilbertia [reverted, crossed] [Ruiz]; Her-barium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/45. MA 810812,Typus, with a fruit. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz etPavon / 4/45. MA 810813, Typus, with fruits. Herbari-um Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/45. MA 810814, Ty-pus, sterile. Humboldtia corda / ta / Fl. Peruv. / Ex herb.Fl. Peruv. / anno 1824.

Humboldtia cordata is the first described taxon of a large,frequent and variable species-complex, distributed along allthe Andes from Venezuela to Peru and Bolivia. It can be rec-ognized by the large, horizontal, broadly ovate, deeply cordateleaves, the one to several flowers produced simultaneously

with the synsepal a little broader than the dorsal sepal, thepetals minutely denticulate, and the lip ovate provided with asmall glenion. In his systematic treatment ofAcronia, Luer(2005) recognizes three subspecies ofA. cordata, of which

subsp. rhopalocarpa (Schltr.) Luer has an obovate (vs. elliptic-ovate) dorsal sepal, distinctly longer than the synsepal; subsp.trachysepala (Kraenzl.) Luer has ciliate sepals and petals.

In its broad acception, Pleurothallis cordata occupies abroad range of ecological zones, from tropical wet forest at

500 m, to cool, montane cloud forests up to elevations of3400 m, where the plants grow epiphytically or as terrestrialson steep embankments. In Peru, it has been recorded in Ama-zonas, Cajamarca, Cusco, Hunuco, Pasco, Puno, and SanMartn, where populations are found in premontane to mon-tane wet forests from 1000 to over 3200 m.

According to theRelacin by Ruiz, Humboldtia cordatawasdescribed and illustrated on the basis of material collected

around Mua (Ruiz & Pavn, 1798: 234), when the Expedi-tionaries stayed there in August-September of 1876 (Ruiz, 2007:287; Ms. 54-55). However, the only sheet in MA annotated withthe name Humboltia [sic] cordata in Ruizs handwriting, wasostensibly collected at Pillao, an area that Ruiz, Pavn and Tafal-la visited only in August 1787, and where they stayed until theend of September of the same year. For this reason the specimenannotated by Ruiz, which would be logical to regard as the holo-type, cannot be considered as such, and all the other materialsthat are part of the original collections of the Expedition cannotbe assigned to any specific area. Other original exsiccata ofHum-boldtia cordata are kept in the Humboldt herbarium in Berlin(digital image!), in BM (digital image!), and F (digital image!).

58. Pleurothallis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia8(40): 520. 1962. Fig. 36C

Basionym: Humboltia revoluta Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Pe-ruv. Chil. 1: 235. 1798.

Synonym:Stelis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 140.1806.

Type: Peru. Hunuco: Habitat in Mua supra arbores etsaxa, H. Ruiz & J. Pavn s.n. (holotype, MA!; isotypes,MA!, B, digital image!).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1329, drawing of type, tempera on paperby F. Pulgar; plant habit with fruits. 159 [?] / Fran.co Pul-

gar [signature] / Humboldtia revoluta / 41. F..

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Fig. 36. A, Phragmipedium caudatum. AJB, Div. IV, 1322, tempera on paper by J. Brunete, plant and base of the inflorescence; B, Pleurothallis cordata.AJB, Div. IV, 1327, possible drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; C, Pleurothallis revoluta. AJB, Div. IV, 1329, drawing of type, tempera on pa-

per by F. Pulgar; D, Psygmorchis glossomystax. AJB, Div. IV, 1291, tempera on paper by I. Glvez.

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Herbarium: MA 810858, Holotypus, with fruit. Humboltiarevoluta / Huasa huasi [Ruiz]. Herbarium Peruvianum /Ruiz et Pavon / 4/44. MA 810857, Isotypus, with fruit.Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/44.

Pleurothallis revoluta has an erect, stout, apically groovedramicaul, enclosed at the base by tubular, inflated sheaths; a

lanceolate-elliptic, subcoriaceous leaf, narrowing at the baseinto a conduplicate sinus; one to several simultaneous inflores-cences, longer than the leaf, carrying numerous, non-re-supinate flowers successively opened, the whitish flowers pro-vided with a cymbiform synsepal and narrow, linear-oblongpetals, variously thickened at apex. These features are diag-nostic of this species. According to the systematic treatment byLuer (1999), the size and color of the flower ofP. revoluta arevariable, but they are commonly translucent green and finelyspotted with purple. See Luer (1999) for a complete list of sug-gested synonyms of the species.

Pleurothallis revoluta ranges from Trinidad and Venezuelato Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, where it has been

found in wet montane wet forests at elevations of 1800-2000 m. In his Relacin, Ruiz recorded that Humboldtia re-voluta was described and illustrated while the Expeditionwas in Mua, in August-September of 1876 (Ruiz, 2007: 287;Ms. 55).

59. Ponthieva fertilis (F. Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Salazar, Ann.Bot. (London) 104: 416. 2009. Fig. 37

Basionym: Goodyera fertilis F. Lehm. & Kraenzl., Bot. Jahrb.Syst. 26: 498. 1899.

Synonyms: Cranichis fertilis (F. Lehm. & Kraenzl.) Schltr. Re-pert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 8: 115. 1921.

Type: Ecuador. Circa Putzu (?} in Andibus occidentalibus di-tionis Guarandae, 2000 m, F. Lehmann 5380 (holotype ?).

Ophrys parviflora C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 92. 1827, non Cra-nichis parviflora L.O. Williams, Lilloa 3: 478. 1938, basedon Cranichis micrantha Griseb., Abh. Knigl. Ges. Wiss.Gttingen 24: 337. 1879, non Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3: 700.1826.

Exalaria parviflora (C. Presl) Garay & G.A. Romero, HarvardPap. Bot. 4: 480. 1999.

Type: Peru. Hab. in montanis Peruviae ad Huanocco, T.Haenke s.n. (holotype, PR, not seen).

Cranichis pycnantha Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.Beih. 7: 62. 1920.

Type: Colombia. Antioquia: 2000 m, Madero 173 (holotype,B; drawing of type, AMES!).

Cranichis koehleriSchltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.9: 55. 1921.

Type: Peru. Near La Merced,Kohler s.n. (holotype, B).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1264, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar,

plant habit with flowers, single flower, floral dissection andfruit. 75 / Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / Satyrium?.

Herbarium: No material of this species found in MA.

Ponthieva fertilis are terrestrial, variable plants, which can beover 50 cm tall (but usually smaller), with fasciculate, slender-tuberous roots and sessile or short-petiolate leaves both basal

and cauline. They have a dense, many-flowered, tomentose in-

florescence, floral bracts shorter than the ovary, and small,white, non-resupinate, pubescent flowers, provided with a con-cave-conduplicate, proximally scaccate, distally 3-lobed lip.

Ponthieva fertilis has been recorded in montane wet forestsin Venezuela (?), Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, up to300 m of elevation. In Peru, populations have been found inAyacucho, Cuzco, Hunuco, Junn, and Loreto, where thelances grow in open woods and dense evergreen forest, oftenon steep banks, at 500 to 2500 m.

60. Psygmorchis glossomystax (Rchb.f.) Dodson & Dressler,Phytologia 24: 288. 1972. Fig. 36D

Basionym: Oncidium glossomystax Rchb.f., Bot. Zeit. 10: 696.1852.

Erycina glossomystax (Rchb.f.) N.H. Williams & M.W. Chase,Lindleyana 16(2): 136. 2001.

Type: [Ecuador.] Loxa, J. Warszewicz s.n. (holotype, W).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1291, tempera on paper by I. Glvez,

habit and flowers on a trunk. 187 / Galvez [signature] / 66

/ Epidendrum equitans.Herbarium: MA 810789, plants with flowers. Ophrys [cros-

sed] / Epidendrum / imbricatum / Pozum 84 / Mua.MA18790, sterile. Gynand. Diand. / Orchys. F. P. c. l. N.10 / Tiene mucha afinidad con el / del N. y L. 366. / ExChicop. Ao 97..

The sterile specimen mounted on MA 810790, collected byTafalla at Chicoplaya in 1897 (Orchys N. 10), is probablyalso referable to this species. It was described in detail in amanuscript kept at the Archives of the RJB, N. 10. / GynadriaDiandria / Orchys? an Ophrys? / [] (AJB, Div. IV, 4, 3, fol.40). On the original label, it is compared to another collection

by Tafalla (It has strong affinity with that of N.[umber] andL.[mina = Plate] 366 ), a specimen ofPsygmorchis pumiliothat was illustrated by J.G. Rivera (AJB, Div. IV, 1268, seehereafter). M. Rodrguez noted on a correction label (1984)that the specimen is probably referable to a species of thegenus Notylia Lindl. [=Macroclinium Barb. Rodr.], but in thelatter genus the leaves are distinctly articulated with the basalsheaths that envelop the pseudobulb, while in the ebulboseP. glossomystax there are no basal sheaths.

The very small plants, consisting of a flabelliform cluster ofequitant leaves, the yellow flowers with brownish red spots onthe petals and the base of the lip, and the disc of the lip with 2pairs of lamellae terminating in deep fringes, are diagnostic of

the species. Widespread and locally abundant, P. glossomystaxis distributed in most of South America, from Venezuela toBrazil and from Colombia to Bolivia along the Andes. In Peru,it has been recorded in the provinces of Cuzco, Junn, Loreto,Madre de Dios, and San Martn, at elevations ranging from300 to 900 m; it is common in old coffee plantations and onPsidium guayava L. trees.

61. Psygmorchis pumilio (Rchb.f.) Dodson & Dressler, Phy-tologia 24(4): 288. 1972.

Fig. 11pro parte (Pupulin, 2012: 39)

Basionym: Oncidium pumilio Rchb.f., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin)

10(40): 697. 1852.

152 F. Pupulin


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Fig. 37. Ponthieva fertilis. AJB, Div. IV, 1264, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

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apex of the leaf; its flowers are medium to relatively large (dor-sal sepal 25-35 mm long); the sysnsepal is shortly bifid; the lipvariably verrucose and spotted as the synsepal. However, asadmitted by Luer & Escobar (1996), positive identification ofmany specimens is not possible.

The species has been known under its synonym,R. macula-ta Lindl. (1846), which is still in use. For a complete list of syn-onyms ofR. contorta, see Luer & Escobar (1996). Accordingto Ruizs diary of the Expedition, Humboldtia contortawas de-scribed and illustrated during the stay in Mua in August-September of 1876 (Ruiz, 2007: 287; Ms. 55).

63. Rodriguezia ensiformis Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv.Chil. 1: 218. 1798. Fig. 39

Type: Peru. Habitat in nemoribus Pozuzo supra saxa et ar-bores, versus Chenio et Tramo tractus (holotype, MA;isotype, MA).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1229, drawing of type, tempera on paperby J. Brunete. 140 / Brunete [signature] / 124 / Rodrigue-

zia ensiformis / 119.Herbarium: MA 810827, Holotypus, fertile. Rodriguezia /

ensiformis [Ruiz]; Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pa-von / 25/11; Gynand. Diand. / Orchys tripetala. / F.P.c.l.N 326, / Ex Chicoplaya. Ao 97 [misplaced label]. MA810826, Isotypus, sterile. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruizet Pavon / 25/11.

Prodromus: Ic. 25, Rodriguezia. The flowers, and the lateralview of the lip and column, are ostensibly engraved fromthe original watercolor illustration.

According to Ruiz (2007: 281; Ms. 53), the original descrip-tion ofR. lanceolatawas destroyed during the fire of Macora of

August 1785, and it was redone during the journey of the ex-pedition in Hunuco in 1785. The holotype in MA (810827)has two labels, one manuscript by Ruiz (Rodriguezia ensi-formis) and the other, handwritten by Tafalla, indicating thecollecting location as Chicoplaya, along the Ro Monzn incentral Hunuco department. It is obvious that the descrip-tion ofR. ensiformis makes no reference to the specimen ofTafalla, which was collected when the Systema had gone topress, in a region that Ruiz and Pavn themselves never visit-ed. Fortunately, Tafallas label refers to an illustration by J.G.Rivera (N. 326), which is still in existence in MA and has thesame name, Orchys tripetala, annotated on the label. How-ever, the plate by Rivera depicts Rodriguezia strobeliiGaray

(see discussion under this entry below), a species with cespi-tose habit and with leaves much stouter than those ofR. ensi-formis. The specimens in MA, with their rhizomatous habitand the narrow, ligular leaves correspond to the illustration ofthe type prepared by Brunete, and Ruiz original mansuscript(Div. IV, leg. 4, 3, fol. 4: Gynandria Diandria 156 / Ro-driguezia ensiformis ic. 140) explicitly refers to it.

A poorly known species,R. ensiformis is apparently endem-ic to Peru.

64. Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv.Chil. 1: 219. 1798. Fig. 40

Syntypes: Peru. Habitat in Tarmae Provinciae montibus, vul-


154 F. Pupulin

Tolumnia pumilio (Rchb.f.) Hoehne, Iconogr. Orchid. Brasil,1949.

Erycina pumilio (Rchb.f.) N.H. Williams & M.W. Chase, Lind-leyana 16(2): 136. 2001.

Type: Brazil. Von Martius Herb. Brasil. 564 (holotype, W?).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1268 [in part; the left portion of the plate

illustrates a specimen of the genus Cischweinfia, while theupper part (as well as details "a, b, c", showing a flower, acapsule and the capsule valves) almost surely represents asaprophytic species of Gentianaceae ( J. L. Fernndez,pers. comm.)], tempera on paper by J.G. Rivera. Habit withflower, flower analysis, closed and split fruit. J. G. R. del[signature] / [] / 366 / Ophrys?. See Pupulin 2012.

Herbarium: MA 810796. Plant, sterile. Gyn. Diand. / Or-chys? / F.P.c.l. N 366. / Epidendrum? [alia manu] / ExChicop. Ao 97. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon /4/73.

Uncommon but locally abundant from Mexico, throughCentral America, to Venezuela, French Guyana, Surinam, and

Brazil, and from Colombia to Peru along the Andes, P. pumilioinhabits tropical to premontane, warm forests at elevations of200-1500 m.

The miniature plant with a fan-shaped spread of leaves with1-2 axillary, erect to arching inflorescences, producing 2 to 3flowers per inflorescence, singly in succession, and the concol-orous yellow flowers with an obtriangular, thick callus, apical-ly fimbriate distinguish the species. When compared to P. glos-somystax, the plants of P. pumilio have broader leaves, theflowers are smaller and the apical callus is single, fimbriate (vs.in pair, deeply fringed in P. glossomystax).

At the Archives of the RJB is kept a full description of thisplant with the title L. 366. / Gynadria Diandria / Ophrys /

[] (AJB, Div. IV, 4, 3, fol. 45).

62. Restrepia contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Luer, Monogr. Syst. Bot.Missouri Bot. Gard. 59: 50. 1996. Fig. 38A

Basionym: Humboltia contorta Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Pe-ruv. Chil. 1: 235. 1798.

Synonym:Stelis contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 524.1807.

Type: Peru. Hunuco: Habitat in Mua supra arbores etsaxa, H. Ruiz & J. Pavn s.n. (holotype, MA; isotype, W).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1330, drawing of type, tempera on paperby F. Pulgar, habit with fruits. 160 / Fran.co Pulgar /Humboldtia contorta [Ruiz] / 179 / contorta.

Herbarium: MA 810823, Holotypus, sterile. Humboldtiacontor / ta [Ruiz]. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pa-von / 4/55.

Belonging to the SubgenusRestrepia, SectionRestrepia,R.contorta is a variable and widely distributed species, rangingfrom Venezuela to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Frequently,in its native habitats, it has been recorded growing epiphyticalin wet submontane and wet montane forests, at 1100-3200 mof elevation.

In their systematic revison ofRestrepia, Luer and Escobar(1996) treatedR. contorta as a variable species-complex, grad-ing into the smallerR. elegans and the largerR. guttulata. The

peduncle ofR. contorta bears the flower near or beyond the

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Fig. 38. A, Restrepia contorta. AJB, Div. IV, 1330, drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; B, Sarcoglottis acaulis. AJB, Div. IV, 1262, tempera onpaper by J. Brunete; C, Sobralia biflora. AJB, Div. IV, 1305, drawing of type, tempera on paper by I. Glvez; D, Sobralia dichotoma. AJB, Div. IV, 1298, apex

of stem with inflorescence, flowers and fruit. Drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

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Fig. 39. Rodriguezia ensiformis. AJB, Div. IV, 1229, drawing of type, tempera on paper by J. Brunete.


156 F. Pupulin

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Fig. 40. Rodriguezia lanceolata. AJB, Div. IV, 1230, drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

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go Montaas de los Andes, ad [] Palca, Collac et Mo-nobamba vicos, H. Ruiz & J. Pavn s.n. (not located); Vi-toc, 1794, J. J. Tafalla 175, MA 810828, selected here as theLectotypus.

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1230, drawing of a syntype, tempera onpaper by F. Pulgar. Habit, flowers and floral dissections.Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / 175 / Rodriguezia lanceola-ta. Fig. 46.

Herbarium: MA 810828, Lectotypus. Plant, sterile. Gynand.Diandria / Orchys dependens / F P.c.L. N 175. / Ex Vitoc.Ao 94.

The lectotype material conserved at MA is sterile and it bearsthe manuscript, intended name Orchys [sic] dependens.However, the number 175 assigned to the specimen, as well asthe colleting locality of Vitoc noted on the original label, un-equivocally correspond to the number cited in Pulgars illustra-tion ofR. lanceolata. According to the original label, the plantwas collected in 1794, six years after Ruiz and Pavn sailedhome from Peru, and the drawing by Pulgar was likely pre-

pared in the same date. In his diary, Ruiz refers that the originaldescription ofR. lanceolatawas destroyed at Macora, and thatit was prepared another time in Hunuco in 1785 (Ruiz, 2007:281; Ms: 53). This may leave some concern about the actual sta-tus of the specimen at MA. However, it is sure that Ruiz andPavn received it, together with the corresponding drawing,before the publication of theSystema in 1898. Tafalla and Pul-gar sent specimens and 165 drawings and descriptions in 1793,and again they sent materials from Hunuco and Tarma in1795 (Steele, 1964: 270-271). As the shipment of the boxes re-quired almost one year coming to Spain, the specimen collect-ed at Vitoc and the relative drawing could have reached thehands of Ruiz in 1786, and both are therefore eligible for typy-fication. The Archives of RJB kept two manuscript descrip-tions referred by Ruiz to Rodriguezia lanceolata, the first pre-pared by the leading botanist on the basis of a plant collectedbefore 1788 in umbrosis Cuchero montibus (AJB, Div. IV,leg. 4, 3, fol. 5: Gynandria Diandria 157 / Rodriguezia lan-ceolata s.ic.), and the other written by Tafalla (AJB, Div. IV,leg. 4, 3, fol. 3: L. 175 Gynandria Diandria / Orchys [deleted]Rodriguezia lanceolata [Ruiz]). Ruiz not only annotatedTafallas description with the name Rodriguezia lanceolata,but he also emended his original description to include mor-phological notes taken from the manuscript describing theplant from Vitoc. He added an improved description of the

vegetative parts (bulbi obovati[] compressi, folio unico ter-minati/Scapi axillares solitarii dependentes, foliis breviorers)literally copied from the verso of Tafallas manuscript, andchanged the type locality according the field note provided byTafalla. There are no doubts that the description of the specieswas therefore prepared using both the plants collected atCuchero and at Vitoc. While MA 810828, choosen as the lec-totype, is sterile, the drawing by Pulgar well illustrates the habitwith flowers and includes accurate dissections of the flower.

The British Museum hosts another specimen (BM74440!), annotated in Pavns handwriting Rodriguezia /Gen. nov., with a manuscript label recording that the spec-imen was part of the herbarium of Pavn (originally at the

Oficina Botnica in Madrid). The plant is sterile, and it

F. Pupulin158


was tentatively annotatd as Isotype, but it has no indicationof locality and date, and its status as type is dubious.

65. Rodriguezia strobelii Garay, Canad. J. Bot. 34: 258. 1956.Fig. 41

Type: Ecuador. Guayas, flowered in cultivation at the Mon-

treal Botanical Garden, February 15, 1955 and receivedfrom Dr. H. Teuscher,Strobel s.n. (holotype, AMES!).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1254, tempera on paper by J.G. Rivera.Jose Rivera del. [signature] / 326. Orchys tripetala.

Herbarium: No material of this taxon exists in the collectionsof Ruiz and Pavn in MA.

According to the manuscript description of this species byTafalla, kept in the Archives of RJB (AJB, Div. IV, 4, 3). Or-chys tripetala was collected in the Sylvis Chicoplayae supraArbores. A herbarium label by Tafalla Orchys tripetala. /F.P.c.l. N 326, / Ex Chicoplaya. Ao 97) is affixed to the holo-type ofRodriguezia ensiformis (MA 810827), but the specimen

does not correspond, morphologically, to the illustration byRivera. Jos Gabriel Rivera was hired to join Tafalla, J.A. Man-zanilla and F. Pulgar and to be trained in botanical illustrationonly in October, 1796 (Pulgars appointment was officially ter-minated on March 16, 1797). In 1797 and 1798 Tafalla, J.A.Manzanilla and J.G. Rivera visited San Antonio de PlayaGrande, Chicoplaya and the Monzn mountains. During thistime, Rivera prepared 90 illustrations (Tafalla, 1989). On May11, 1799, the trio shipped for Guayaquil, only returning toLima ten years later.

Rodriguezia strobelii is known from Ecuador and Peru,where it inhabits coastal dry tropical forests and premontaneforests from sea level to 1300 m. The faintly fragrant flowers,

white to pale rose finely speckled and suffused with purple,distinguish the species.

66. Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg-ni Veg. Beih. 6: 53. 1919. Fig. 38B

Basionym: Neottia acaulis Sm., Exot. Bot. 2: 91. 1806.Synonym:Spiranthes acaulis (Sm.) Cogn., Fl. Brasil. 3(4): 221.

1895.Type: Trinidad. Mr. Evans of Stepney received it from

Trinidad,Anderson s.n. (holotype, S, not seen).Sarcoglottis speciosa C. Presl., Reliq. Haenk. 1: 96. 1827.Spiranthes speciosa (C. Presl) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 475.

1840.Gyrostachys sarcoglottis (C. Presl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2:

663. 1891.Type: Peru: Hab. in montanis Peruviae ad Huanocco, T.

Haenke s.n. (holotype, PR, not seen).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1262, tempera on paper by J. Brunete,

plant with flowers. Brunete [signature] / 57. Satyrium bi-color.

Herbarium: No specimens found in MA.

Widely distributed in the Neotropics, from El Salvador,through Central America, the Windwards, Trinidad and To-bago, to most of South America (Venezuela to Brazil andColombia to Bolivia),S. acaulis is found at elevations of 100 to

almost 3000 m, where it grows as a terrestrial in wet tropical to

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Fig. 41. Rodriguezia strobelii. AJB, Div. IV, 1254, tempera on paper by J.G. Rivera.

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cool montane forests. In Peru, it has been recorded in theprovinces of Amazonas, Hunuco, Junn, Loreto, and SanMartin, from 100 to 1800 m.

The basal rosette of obovate-elliptic leaves with a distinct,elongate petiole, and the erect, pubescent inflorescence withlong, acuminate bracts that exceed the ovary, distinguish thisvariable species.

According to Ruizs journal,Satyrium bicolorwas describedand illustrated while the Expedition was in Pozuzo, inSeptember, 1784 (Ruiz, 2007: 256; Ms. 44). For other syn-onyms of this species, see Garay (1978b), and Brako andZarucchi (1993).

67. Sauroglossum corymbosum (Lindl.) Garay, Bot, Mus.Leafl. 26: 19. 1978. Fig. 42

Basionym:Synassa corymbosa Lindl., Edwards Bot. Reg. 19:sub. t. 1618. 1833.

Pelexia corymbosa (Lindl.) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 482.1840.

Type: In Peru, Pavn s.n. (holotype, K).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1266. Drawing of type, tempera on pa-

per by F. Pulgar. Habit and floral dissections. Fran.co Pul-gar [signature] / 137 / Satyrium [Ruiz].

Herbarium: No material of this taxon is present in MA.

Sauroglossum corymbosum is only known in Peru and Bo-livia. In Peru, populations are found in cool regions in theprovinces of Cusco and Junn, at 2500-2600 m. The plantsgrow terrestrially in crevices with poor lateritic soils in low,semi-xerophytic brush and grass (Dodson & Bennett, 1989).

The type, in Lindleys herbarium at Kew, was obtainedthrough the acquisition of Hooker of Lamberts materials. Ap-

parently, no isotypes were conserved, and none of the sheet inMA is attributable to species of the genusSauroglossum. Theplate painted by Francisco Pulgar was probably preparedfrom the only known collection of this species by the membersof the Expedition, and I consider it an illustration of the type.

The terminal, corymbose inflorescence, provided with dis-tant, tubular, acuminate bracts, and the pure golden yellowflowers, the lip crenate at the margin are diagnostic of thespecies.

68. Sauvetrea alpestris (Lindl.) Szlach., Richardiana 7(1): 29.2007[2006]. Fig. 43

Basionym:Maxillaria alpestris Lindl., Pl. Hartw. 154. 1845.Type: Ecuador. Habitat inter Lichenes in montibus Loxa

rarissima, T. Hartweg s.n. (holotype, K).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1231, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar,

plant habit (on a branch), single flower, floral dissectionand immature fruit. Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / Maxilla-ria / 74.

Herbarium: I have found no specimens of this species in MA.

This species is distinguished by a elongate, ascending rhi-zome with widely separated, compressed, rugose, monophyl-lous pseudobulbs; an erect, single-flowered inflorescence thatrises from a mature pseudobulb, enveloped by distichoussheaths; a trigonous ovary; and greenish yellow flowers, with

the lip orange-yellow, provided with a 3-lobed lip, denticulate


160

along the midlobe and on the apical margin of the lateral lobes.Schweinfurth (1970) and Vsquez C. & Dodson (1982) in-

cludedMaxillaria trigona C. Schweinf. [=Sauvetrea trigona (C.Schweinf.) Szlach.] in synonymy underM. alpestris. However,in the latter species, the midlobe of the lip has entire marginsand the lateral lobes are striped with reddish-brown along theveins. Blanco & al. (2007) considered that the genusSauvetreaneeds a thorough taxonomic revision, and I favor maintai-ning the two taxa as distinct pending further studies in thegroup. For a complete list of possible synonyms ofS. alpestris,see Vsquez & Dodson (1982).

Sauvetrea alpestris has been recorded in Venezuela, Colom-bia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. In Peru, it is a widespread butuncommon species in Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cusco, Pasco, andPuno provinces, where populations are found in premontaneand montane wet forests at 1500 to almost 3000 m of elevation.

69. Sauvetrea uniflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Pupulin, comb. nov.Fig. 44

Basionym: Bletia uniflora Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv.Chil. 1: 230. 1798.

Type. Peru. Hunuco. Habitat in Peruviae silvis ad VitocProvinciae Tarmae vicum supra arbores, H. Ruiz & J.Pavn s.n. (holotype, MA).

Synonym:Maxillaria laevilabris Lindl., Pl. Hartw. 155. 1845,syn. nov.

Sauvetrea laevilabris (Lindl.) M.A. Blanco, Lankesteriana 7(3):535. 2007, syn. nov.

Type: Peru. A tracing by A. Mathews from the herbarium ofRuiz and Pavn conserved in Lima, based on Flora Peru-viana N 169 (holotype, K).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1276, drawing of type, tempera on paper

by F. Pulgar; plant with flowers, single flower and floral dis-sections. Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / 169 / Bletia uniflora[Ruiz?].

Herbarium: MA 810778, Holotypus, sterile. Gynandria Dian-dria / Ophrys? / F. P. c. L. N. 169 / Ex Vitoc. Ao 94 [Ta-falla]. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 25/35.

Ruiz and Pavns diagnosis ofBletia uniflora (B. bulbis sub-rotundis compressiusculis, foliis linearibus carinatis, scapis radi-calibus unifloribus)was not detailed enough to allow an un-derstanding of the generic placement of this species, and in theabsence of any original specimen annotated by the authors

with this name, the concept has remained obscure since its de-

scription. However, conserved among the illustrations pre-pared by Pulgar on the material collected by Tafalla and J.A.Manzanilla at Vitoc, in the province of Tarma, is a drawing ofa species unmistakably referable to the genusSauvetrea, whichbears the manuscript name of Bletia uniflora and the num-ber 169. The holotype in MA bears the same number and,although sterile, shows the typical habit of the species. Anoth-er herbarium specimen with the same number was still con-served in Lima in 1832, when Andrew Mathews studied it.Like the holotype, it had been collected at Vitoc, as stated inthe prologue ofBletia uniflora.

The drawing of the type by F. Pulgar clearly shows the planthabit, the yellow flowers and the lip without a prominent cal-

lus, which is diagnostic of the species in the genus Sauvetrea.

F. Pupulin

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Fig. 42. Sauroglossum corymbosum. AJB, Div. IV, 1266, drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.



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Fig. 43. Sauvetrea alpestris. AJB, Div. IV, 1231, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.


162 F. Pupulin

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Fig. 44. Sauvetrea uniflora. AJB, Div. IV, 1276, drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

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Lindley (1845a) describedM. laevilabris on the basis of adrawing sent by A. Mathews from Lima, which was probablytraced from one of the specimens originally collected at Vitoc.The drawing at Kew shows the caespitose habit of the plant,with the characteristically falcate, distichously alternate, in-flate-compressed, imbricating bracts of the inflorescence, anda detail of the ecallose lip. The manuscript note associatedwith the drawing indicates that the specimen was collected atVitoc in 1794, ex herb. R. et P. in Lima conservato. Thenumber of the specimen in the system of the Flora Peruviana,169, corresponds to that noted by Francisco Pulgar in hisdrawing ofBletia uniflora.

Maxillaria piestopus, based on a Costa Rican specimen col-lected by A. Tonduz in 1913, is apparently very close toS. uni-flora in the plant habit, color of the flowers, and the lip withouta prominent callus. The photograph in AMES (40549!) of theholotype destroyed in Berlin, with the original analytical draw-ing by Schlechter, shows a triquetrous ovary and a 3-lobed, ecal-lose lip, which are almost indistinguishable from those illustra-

ted by Pulgar. I have not seen the type ofMaxillaria koehleriSchltr., also described from Peru from a specimen collected bythe brothers Khler in 1920, which Blanco and co-authors(2007) included under the synonymy ofSauvetrea laevilabris.

Sauvetrea uniflora ranges at least from Ecuador to Peru andBolivia (up to Costa Rica to the North, ifM. piestopus is con-sidered a synonym), where it is found growing epiphytically inwet montane forests, at 800-2100 m.

70. Sobralia biflora Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1:232. 1798. Fig. 38C

Type: Peru. Hunuco: Habitat in Pozuzo runcationibus etcalidis locis, versus Chenio et Tramo tractus, H. Ruiz & J.

Pavn s.n. (holotype, MA).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1305, drawing of type, tempera on paper

by I. Glvez, habit with flowers. 155 / Glvez [signature] /62 / 124 / Sobralia biflora [Ruiz].

Herbarium: MA 810834, Typus, sterile. Sobralia biflora[Ruiz]. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/62;MA 810833, Typus, sterile. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruizet Pavon / 4/62; MA 810832, Typus, sterile. HerbariumPeruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/62.

The type material in MA includes three sheets, one of whichis annotated in Ruizs handwriting as Sobralia biflora. Thethree specimens are sterile, and they bear an old label of the

Herbarium Horti Botanici Matritensi, with Mansfelds de-terminations, indicating number 4/62. Even though thesenumbers were assigned at the herbarium, and have not to beunderstood as field numbers by Ruiz and Pavn (who do notused them), they, nevertheless, give evidence that the threespecimens were part of the same original gathering.

According to Ruizs diary,S. biflorawas described and il-lustrated while the Expedition was in Pozuzo, in September,1784 (Ruiz, 2007: 256; Ms. 44). Among the manuscripts of theFlora Peruviana et Chilensis (176 / Sobralia biflora ic. 155[], AJB, Div. IV, 4, 3, fol. 91), is conserved the original de-scription of the species by Ruiz, which makes explicit refer-ence to Glvez illustration.

The species ranges from Colombia to Peru and Brazil. In

F. Pupulin164


Peru, it apparently seems restricted to the warm, tropical for-est of Hunuco and Junn, where it grows as an epiphyte be-tween 200 and 450 m. The loosely leaved stems to about onemeter tall, with large, ovate-lanceolate, thin leaves, thepubescent-scabridous sheaths, the terminal, sessile, cone-like,2-flowered inflorescence, and the campanulate, lilac flowers

with obovate petals and retuse lip provided with parallelekeels distinguish the species.

71. Sobralia ciliata (C. Presl) C. Schweinf. & Foldats, Fl.Venezuela 15(1): 175. 1969. Fig. 45

Basionym:Bletia ciliata C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(2): 99. 1827.Type: Peru. Habitat in montanis Peruviae ad Huanocco,

Haenke s.n. (holotype, PRC).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1307, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

Apex of stem with flowers, single flower, floral dissectionsand fruit. Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / 256. Arethusa. So-bralia.

Herbarium: MA 810846, fertile. Gynand. Diandria / Arethu-

sa? / F.P.c.l.d.N. 256. / Ex Chinchao Ao 95; HerbariumPeruvianum / Ruiz et Pavn / 25/10.

The plate by Pulgar and the sheet in MA have the samenumber, and correspond to a plant collected by J.J. Tafalla in1895.

These are tall plants (up to 2 meters), with a relatively short,lateral, many-flowered inflorescence and small, bright rose-pur-ple flowers with the lip fringed apically.Sobralia ciliata is knownfrom Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru; in the latter coun-try it inhabits montane wet forests at 1700-2200 m.

72. Sobralia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv.

Chil. 1: 232. 1798. Figs. 38D, 46A, BCattleya dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer, Prakt. Stud. Orchid.

215. 1854.Type: Peru. Hunuco: Habitat abunde in nemoribus Mua,

Pozuzo et Chinchao per runcationes in locis calidis et saxo-sis, H. Ruiz & J. Pavn s.n [MA; G; part of the type collec-tion probably at P (P 441683; P 441685), from J. Dombey].

Heterotypic synonyms:Sobralia mandoniiRchb.f., Xenia Or-chid. 2: 175. 1873.

Type: Peru. Larecaja. Viciniis Sorata; Colle Catarguata etValle Challasuyo, in scopulosis. 2700 m. Sept.-Decbr.1858, G. Mandon 1170 (holotype, W).

Sobralia mandonii f. coerulea Christenson, Orchids, Mag.Amer. Orchid Soc. 71(11): 998. 2002.Type: Peru. Amazonas, kilometer marker 325 along road to

Moyobamba to Pomacochas, 6500 ft., E. Christenson et al.2010 (holotype, CUZ; isotypes, HAO, USM).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1298, drawing of type, tempera on paperby F. Pulgar, apex of stem with inflorescence, flowers andfruit. Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / Sobralia [Ruiz] / 79.AJB, Div. IV, 71, drawing of type, tempera on paper by F.Pulgar; flower, floral dissections, fruits. Fran.co Pulgar[signature] / Sobralia [Ruiz] / 79. AJB, Div. IV, 1300,drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; roots andbase of a stem. Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / Sobralia?

[Ruiz] / 79. Fig. 45B.

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Fig. 45. Sobralia ciliata. AJB, Div. IV, 1307, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

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F. Pupulin166


Fig. 46. A, Sobralia dichotoma. AJB, Div. IV, 1299, flower, floral dissections, fruits. Drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; B, Sobralia dichotoma.AJB, Div. IV, 1300, roots and base of a stem. Drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; C, Sobralia rosea. AJB, Div. IV, 1301, apex of stem with in-florescence, flower and fruit. Tempera on paper by F. Pulgar; D, Sobralia rosea. AJB, Div. IV, 1302, flower, floral dissections and fruits. Tempera on paper

by F. Pulgar.

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Herbarium: MA 810838, Typus, fertile. Sobralia dichotoma/ Peru [Ruiz]; Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon /4/61. MA 810840, Typus, fertile. Herbarium Peruvia-num / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/61. MA 810841, Typus, with animmature flower. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pa-von / 4/61. MA 810837, Typus, fertile. Sobralia dichoto-ma [Ruiz] / Peru [alia manu]; Herbarium Peruvianum /Ruiz et Pavon / 4/64. MA 810836, Typus, fertile. Her-barium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/64. MA 810842,Typus, fertile. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon /4/64. MA 810835, Typus, with immature flowers. (Sera-pias.) / 1780. Cochero. MA 810839, Typus?, fertile. So-bralia dichotoma / Fl. Peruv. / Ex Herb. Fl. Peruv. / Anno1824.

Sobralia dichotoma is known from Colombia to Bolivia andPeru, where it inhabits wet premontane and montane cloudforests, from 1400 to over 3500 m. The plants grow terres-trially in open woodlands on clay or rocky slopes, usually inshaded spots.

A giant sized species, with stems that can reach 5 m inlength, with ovate-lanceolate, leathery leaves, tinged with pur-ple on the back,S. dichotoma is distinguished by the lateral, di-chotomously branched, many-flowered, successive inflores-cences, the fleshy, long lasting, strongly fragrant red-brownflowers, edged with lighter red and violet, and the laciniate cal-lus of the lip.

In his diary, Ruiz refers toS. dichotoma on several pages. Itis first mentioned among the reach orchid collections madein the mountains of Tarma in the second half of 1779 (Ruiz,2007: 136; Ms. 12), and recorded with other plants discov-ered at Cuchero in July, 1780 (idem: 165; Ms. 20). The de-scription ofS. dichotoma was prepared on the basis of at

least three different collections recorded in Ruizs ma-nuscript. The first description was done in Chinchao, whereRuiz and the illustrators worked during the month of August1780 [idem: 168; Ms. 21(a)]; the second in Pozuzo, betweenJuly and November 1784 (idem: 256; Ms. 44); and the thirdin Mua in July-September 1786 (idem 2007: 287; Ms. 54).According to Ruiz, the illustration was realized in Mua,and the botanist also noted the vernacular name ofS. di-chotoma, Tahuetahue, noting that its flowers are beauti-ful for their size, color, and fragrance (ibid.). Other vernac-ular names used in the Andean region for this species areFlor de paraso (bird of Paradise), Inquil, and Monteazucen.

73. Sobralia rosea Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 1: 54,t. 93. 1836, non Lindl., Fol. Orchid. 5 (Sobralia): 2. 1854,nom. illeg. hom. Fig. 46C, D

Type: Peru. Pasco: Crescit in runcationibus prope Cuchero,Poeppig 1076(holotype, W).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1301, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar,apex of stem with inflorescence, flower and fruit. Fran.coPulgar [signature] / 80 / Sobralia; AJB, Div. IV, 1302, tem-pera on paper by F. Pulgar, flower, floral dissections, fruits.Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / 80 / Sobralia.

Herbarium: No material ofS. rosea is kept in the collection of

Ruiz and Pavn in MA.



The species has been recorded in Ecuador, Colombia, Peruand Bolivia, along the eastern slopes of the Andes, but also in

the coastal and Amazonian regions of Ecuador. It grows as aterrestrial on steep, brushy and grassy embankments in wet

tropical to montane forests, from sea level to over 3000 m. InPeru, populations ofS. rosea are found in the provinces of

Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hunuco, Junn, and San Martn, at el-evations between 500 and 2200 m.

The very long stems, up to 3 m tall, the narrowly lanceolate,

long-acuminate leaves, the terminal, fractiflex, racemose inflo-rescence with large, cymbiform floral bracts, and the large, fra-grant, successive, white to rose flowers with a darker, crisped-

undulate lip marked with purple distinguish the species.The illustrations by F. Pulgar may have been prepared dur-

ing the trip by Tafalla and J.A. Manzanilla to the region ofHunuco in 1787, or in Ecuador, during the journey of theartist to that country from 1799 to 1809.

74. Specklinia acutiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Pupulin, comb.nov. Fig. 47

Basionym: Humboldtia acutiflora Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl.Peruv. Chil. 1: 236. 1798.

Synonyms: Pleurothallis acutiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mansf. ex C.Schweinf., Fieldiana, Bot. 30: 271. 1959.

Stelis acutiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 139. 1805.Type: Peru. Pasco: Habitat in Pozuzo supra arborers et

saxa, H. Ruiz & J. Pavon s.n. (holotype, MA).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1334, drawing of type, tempera on paperby I. Glvez. Habit with inflorescences and flowers, two

views of a flower, profile of the pedicel, ovary, column andlip. 164 / Galvez [signature] / 59. F. / Humboldtia acuti-flora [Ruiz].

Herbarium: MA 810809, Holotypus, sterile. Humboldtia /acutiflora [Ruiz]; Gynandria diandria; Herbarium pe-

ruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/53.

The sterility of the holotype ofHumboldtia acutiflora in MAprevented previous researchers from correctly understanding

the generic placement of this taxon. The illustration by IsidroGlvez clearly shows the lax inflorescence, the bilabiate flow-ers, not completely spreading, and the acute-subacuminate

synsepal. which are characteristics of the Specklinia grobyi-

picta complex (sensu Luer, 2006), to which this species be-longs. The group is quite difficult taxonomically, having spe-cific circumscriptions that partially overlap and a multitudeof intermediate forms between the recognized species. Hum-

boldtia acutiflora could be the first available name for Spec-klinia picta (Lindl.) Pridgeon & M.W. Chase, a species that

can be recognized within the complex by the narrowly acute toacuminate synsepal (Luer, 2006).

The generic circumscription ofSpecklinia Lindl. has been

subject of an open debate (see Pridgeon & al., 2001; Pridgeon& Chase, 2001; Luer, 2002, 2006), but the characteristic fea-

tures ofS. acutiflora place it in the core group ofSpecklinia

species. On this most of the authors agree.

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168 F. Pupulin

Fig. 47. Specklinia acutiflora. AJB, Div. IV, 1334, drawing of type, tempera on paper by I. Glvez.

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169

76. Stelis parviflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 524.1807. Fig. 49

Basionym: Humboltia parviflora Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Pe-ruv. Chil. 1: 236. 1798.

Type: Peru. Hunuco. Habitat in montibus Pozuzo, Chin-chao et Mua supra arbores et saxa, H. Ruiz & J. Pavn s.n.

(holotype, MA!).Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1332, drawing of type, tempera on paper

by F. Pulgar. Plant with inflorescences and flowers. 162.Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / 40. F / Humboldtia parviflora.

Herbarium: MA 810853, Holotypus, fertile. Gilibertia[crossed] Humboldtia / Parviflora [Ruiz]; HerbariumPeruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/58; Humboldtia parviflo/ ra Fl. Peruv. / Ex Herb. Fl. Peruv. / anno 1828 / A.

The holotype in MA comprises seven different plants, one ofwhich (noted with the letter A on the sheet) was included inthe herbarium in 1828. Several students annotated the sheet,doubting the common identity of the mounted specimens, but

the species ofStelis are quite variable vegetatively so there is noreason to reject a priorithe original identifications. A fragmentof the holotype, consisting of an incomplete leaf with ramicauland two sterile inflorescences is kept at the herbarium of theField Museum in Chicago (F (40668F, digital image!), where it

was received through the Real Jardn Botnico of Madrid. Anisotype, part of the Humboldt collection, is in Berlin (digitalimage!). Two specimens are conserved, in P, originally fromthe Peruvian collections by Dombey, annotated as isotypes (P489351 and 489352, digital images!). Schweinfurth (1958,1970) consideredStelis bicallosa Schltr., also from Peru, as asynonym ofS. parviflora, but I have no direct knowledge of thetype material. However, in the drawing ofS. bicallosapublished

by Duque (2008: 61), the lip is shown as obtrapezoidal in out-line (vs. ovate) and the petals have a distinct, rounded apicule atapex (vs. broadly obtuse).

Garay (1979) illustrated the flower ofS. parviflora, which canbe recognized by the glabrous flowers with free, 3-veined sepa-ls, the transversely rectangular petals and the broadly ovate-subrhombic lip, provided with two mammillate calli forming anarrow channel under the column. The illustration providedby Duque (2008) differs in having a long-apiculate lip.

Apparently endemic to Peru,S. parviflora has been collectedin Cusco, Hunuco, Junn, and Amazonas, from 1400 to over3000 m. According to Ruizs Journal, the original descriptionand illustration ofHumboldtia parviflorawere prepared during

Expeditions stay in Mua in August-September, 1786 (Ruiz,2007: 287; Ms. 55). The original manuscript by Ruiz, explicitlyreferring to icona 162, is kept at the Archives of the RJB (Div.IV, leg. 4, 3, fol. 114: Gynandria Diandria / Humboltia par-viflora ic. 162).

77. Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 140.1805. Fig. 50

Basionym: Humboltia purpurea Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Pe-ruv. Chil. 1: 235. 1798.

Type: Peru. Hunuco: Habitat in Mua supra arbores etsaxa, H. Ruiz & J. Pavn s.n. (isotypes: B, digital image!; F,

digital image!, MA 810855!, MA 810856!).

Orchidaceae of Flora Peruviana et Chilensis

An isotype ofH. acutiflora is kept in the Willdenow herbar-ium in Berlin (B-W-16901-010, digital image!). MA 810810(sterile!) is annotated by Mansfeld as part of the original mate-rial ofHumboldtia acutiflora. However, the specimens on thissheet are much larger than those mounted on the holotypesheet, and they also differ from the type in the size and shapeof the caulinary bracts. I do not consider this an isotype.

Ruizs manuscript description ofSpecklinia acutiflora (AJB,Div. IV, leg. 4, 3, fol. 116. / Gynadria Diandria / Humboltiaacutiflora) explicitly refers to the illustration number 1634,and it also includes the description of vegetative and floral fea-tures not included in the eventually published diagnosis (Ruiz& Pavn, 1798: 236).

According to theRelacin by Ruiz, the original descriptionofH. acutiflorawas probably among those lost during the Ma-cora fire in August, 1785; a new description was preparedwhile the Expedition was in Hunuco in 1785-86 (Ruiz, 2007:281; Ms. 52).

75. Stelis oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 139.1805. Fig. 48

Basionym: Humboltia oblonga Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Pe-ruv. Chil. 1: 236. 1798.

Type: Peru. Hunuco. Habitat in montibus Mua suprasaxa, H. Ruiz & J. Pavn s.n. (holotype, MA!; isotype, B,digital image!).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1333, drawing of type, tempera on paperby J. Brunete; habit with flowers and fruits, floral details.163 / Brunete [signature] / Humboldtia oblonga [Ruiz] /

56.f.Herbarium: MA 810851, 3 specimens. Specimen A, on top

right, TYPUS, sterile. Humboldtia oblong / ga / Fl. Peruv. /

Ex Herb. Fl. Peruv. / anno 1828 / A. Specimen on the left,Typus, sterile. Humboldtia / Gilibertia [crossed] / oblon-ga [Ruiz]; Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon /4/57. Specimen on bottom, right, Stelis sp. MA 810852,3 specimens. Specimen on bottom, right, TYPUS, sterile.Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/57. Speci-mens on top, left and right,Stelis sp.

Stelis oblonga is known from Colombia to Ecuador andPeru, where populations are found in premontane and mon-tane wet forests from 600 to almost 4000 m. The species is ap-parently quite variable vegetatively, with the leaves broad andelliptic-oblong. The multiple inflorescences as long as or

longer than the leaves, the small, papillose flower and the lipwith truncate, abruptly acuminate-apiculate apex distinguishthe species.

For a complete synonymy of the species, see the systematictreatment by Luer (2009). In his monograph of the genusStelis, however, Duque (2008) does not agree with such aview, noting that the habit ofS. oblonga is entirely differentfrom that ofS. apiculataSchltr.,S. floribunda Kunth, andS. in-signis Ames.

According to Ruizs journal, the original description and il-lustration ofS. oblongawere prepared in Mua in August-September, 1786 (Ruiz, 2007: 287; Ms. 55). Ruiz manuscriptdescription is kept at the of the RJB, Div. IV, leg. 4, 3, fol. 115:

Gynandria Diandria / Humboltia oblonga ic. 163).

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170 F. Pupulin

Fig. 48. Stelis oblonga. AJB, Div. IV, 1333, drawing of type, tempera on paper by J. Brunete.

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Fig. 49. Stelis parviflora. AJB, Div. IV, 1332, drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.



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F. Pupulin172


Fig. 50. Stelis purpurea. AJB, Div. IV, 1331, drawing of type, tempera on paper by F. Pulgar.

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Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1331, drawing of type, tempera on paperby F. Pulgar, plant habit, flower and floral dissections. 160/ Fran.co Pulgar [signature] / Humboldtia purpurea [Ruiz]/ 39. F.

Herbarium: MA 810854, Holotypus, fertile. Humboltia pur-pu / rea [Ruiz]; Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon/ 4/59. MA 810855, Isotypus, fertile. Gilibertia [Ruiz];Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon / 4/59. MA810856, Isotypus, fertile. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz etPavon / 4/59.

Prodromus: Icona 27, Figurae 1-3, 4,7(?).

Stelis purpurea is a common species along the Andean chainfrom Colombia to Bolivia, where populations are found grow-ing epiphytically or frequently terrestrially on moss coveredrock and clay embankments, in premontane wet to montanecool, cloud forest, between 1400 and 3500 m. In Peru, it hasbeen recorded in the provinces of Amazonas, Cajamarca,Hunuco, Junn, and San Martn, in montane wet forest at el-evations of 2000 to 2500 m.

Garay and Sweet (1972) selected Humboldtia purpurea as thelectotype of the genus Humboldtia Ruiz & Pav. (nonVahl 1794,Fabaceae, nom. rej.), originally published by Ruiz and Pavn(1794) as Humboltia and corrected in theirSystemaof 1798. It isalso the lectotype ofStelis sect. Humboldtia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.,a large group of species distinguished by the bilabiate flowerswith a synsepal formed by connation of the lateral sepals.Among them,Stelis pupurea may be recognized by the usuallyrobust plant with many-flowered racemes that far exceed the el-liptic leaves, with long floral bracts, 5- to 7-veined dorsal sepaland the lateral sepals connate into a concave synsepal.

In his Journal, Ruiz recorded that Humboldtia purpureawascollected in Mua, in August-September, 1786, when the orig-inal description and illustration were also prepared (Ruiz,2007: 287; Ms. 55). The original manuscript is still in existenceat the Archives of the RJB (Div. IV, leg. 4, 3, fol. 113: Gynan-dria Diandria / Humboltia purpurea ic. 160).

According to Luer (2009), many of the trivial variations insize and shape of the leaves and flowers were recognized as dis-tinct at the specific level, and in his systematic treatment the au-thor reduced 20 names in synonymy underS. purpurea (Luer,2009: 72). Among the names considered cospecific withS. pur-purea, Luer included Humboldtia spiralis Ruiz & Pav. (the type,Peru, Habitat in Huasahuassi locis saxosis). The original di-agnosis is too synthetic to provide useful information for the in-

terpretation of this taxon (H. with oblong-ovate leaves, soli-tary spikes longer than the leaf, Ruiz & Pavn, 1798: 237), andthere are no illustrations bearing this name in the HerbariumPeruvianum of Ruiz and Pavn. However, the holotype is stillin existence in MA (810766!). One of the original labels pro-vides a short description of the species: gynandria diandria /Humboltia [Ruiz] / Spiralias [corrected spiralis] Cypripedium[crossed] radicibus fibroso = fasciculatis, peduncu / lio percaulem spiralibus, foliis inferioribus obovatis, superioribus ob-longis, flor. per. l. d. / radix fibroso = fasciculata albicantia, cau-lis folio- / sus, folia integerrima, glaberrima, nitida, inferio / raobovata, Superiora oblongo - ovata, longiora / pedunculi axil-lares, filiformes, spicati, flores flavi / pucnctis sulfureis macu-

lati, petalum inferius bifidum / lanceolatum, majus, duo later-



alis brevia. Another label gives the collecting locality and phe-nological data: Cypripedium spirale / Huasahuasi inter saxa /floret Nobri. It is designated with number 4/52 in the seriesof the Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon. At least twoother specimens of Pleurothallidinae from Huassahuassi, partof the original collections by the Expedition, are kept inMadrid (MA 810861, Humboltia / Huasa. huasi [Ruiz]; MA810862, ophrys / Epidendrum / Huasa huasi). Both thesecollections are of a small-sized species ofStelis, not referabletoS. purpurea, but they are not cospecific with Humboldtiaspiralis.

In creating the genusXenosia for Pleurothallid plants withdensely ascending habit provided with bundles of short rami-cauls, Luer (2004) transferred to his new genus Humboldtiaspiralis, but successively (Luer, 2006) he includedXenosia spi-ralis under the synonymy ofX. macrorhiza (Lindl.) Luer. Thismove, however, is contrary to the rule of priority, Humboldtiaspiralis Ruiz & Pav. (1798) being older than the basionym ofX. macrorhiza, Pleurothallis macrorhiza Lindl. (1834). I agree

with the generic placement suggested by Luer in 2004, but thecolor of the flowers ofX. spiralis, as annotated on the originallabel (yellow, spotted with sulphur yellow), differs from thatrecorded from the other species recognized by Luer in his sys-tematic treatment ofXenosia (Luer, 2006). Xenosia spiralismay perhaps represent the third valid species of the genus.

78. Stenoptera peruviana C. Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(2): 95.1827. Fig. 51

Type: Peru. Hunuco: Hab. in montanis Peruviae ad Hua-nocco, 1836, , T. Haenke s.n. (holotype, PR, not seen).

Icones: AJB, Div. IV, 1261, tempera on paper by J. Brunete,

plant habit with flowers, snuggle flower and floral details.Brunete [signature] / 54. Satyrium virescens [Ruiz].Herbarium: MA 810864, fertile. Orchis an Satyrium?

[Tafalla]. Herbarium Peruvianum / Ruiz et Pavon /25/25.

The terrestrial plant over 60 cm tall, with fascicled, tuber-ous roots, the basally imbricating, oblong-lanceolate, acuteleaves, narrowed below to a long-sheathing base, the shortlypubescent stem, the subdense, many-flowered inflorescence,and the small, yellowish-green, tubular-recurved flowers withthe lip provided with membranous, denticulate margins dis-tinguish the species.

Stenoptera peruviana is known from Colombia, Ecuador,

and Peru. In Peru, it has been recorded in the provinces ofAmazonas, Cajamarca, Hunuco, Junn, and Loreto, where itgrows in open woods, in montane wet forests at 1300-3200 m.For a complete synonymy ofS. peruviana, see the treatmentsby Schweinfurth (1958) and Garay (1978b), and the checklist

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