Origins - San Francisco State...
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ASIA EUROPE AFRICA AUSTRALIA NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA Source: www.terradaily.com Origins becoming human Human Migration Map Timeline of Human Evolution Approximately five million years ago, an ape in Africa began to walk on two legs and took the first steps towards humanity. The road, however, was a long one, as it wasn't until very recently–only 100,000 years ago–that Homo sapiens emerged and ultimately became the foremost hominid species in the world. Trace the path of human evolution from its early beginnings in Africa to its widespread dominance today in order to learn more about what it took for humanity to thrive. We know little about exactly when our ancestors descended from the trees, but the discovery of Ardipithecus ramidus helped us reveal part of the story. Dated to ~4.4 million years, Ardi is the oldest skeleton of human ancestry that has ever been discovered. Homo The genus that includes modern humans and species closely related to them. The genus is estimated to be about 2.5 million years old, evolving from Australopithecine ancestors with the appearance of Homo habilis. The advent of Homo coincides with the first evidence of stone tools and thus by definition with the beginning of the Lower Paleolithic. All species of the genus except Homo sapiens (modern humans) are extinct. Paranthropus A genus often described as the robust australopithecines. They were early protohominids, and considered to be the sister group of Homo. Members of the genus, often called nutcracker man, were characterized by bipedal- ism, enormous molars and premolars, and reduced front teeth. They were common at such sites as Olduvai and Koobi Fora, in the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Australopithecus A genus found in Africa between about 4 -1 million years ago. At least seven species of australopithecines are now generally recognized. Among their many shared anatomical traits were a fully erect posture and bipedal gait. The most primitive anatomical feature was a small and apelike braincase, comparable in size to those of gorillas and chimpanzees when measured relative to overall body size. Ardipithecus A genus whose distinguishing characteristics are bipedalism incorporating a grasping big toe, reduced canine teeth and a small brain size compa- rable to that of the modern chimpanzee. Ar. ramidus existed more recently than the most recent common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, and is unlike the latter in many ways, suggesting that the common ancestor was itself rather different from modern chimpanzees. This drawing of Ardipithecus rami- dus depicts what the species may have looked like as it lived 4.4M years ago. Distinct features, like its grasping hands and small brain capacity, are rendered in fine detail to illustrate specific traits particular to the species. This art- work, termed paleoart, is often a result of weeks of collaboration between scientists and artists who are experts in their fields. Ardipithecus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo 1 2 3 4 5 Million Years Ago Ar. ramidus A. anamensis A. afarensis A. africanus A. garhi H. rudolfensis H. ergaster H. heidelbergenis H. habilis H. erectus H. neanderthalensis P. aethiopicus P. boisei P. robustus H. sapiens Source: www.darwiniana.org 2009 Homo hedelbergensis were the first to make it out of Africa into Europe over 600,000 years ago. They are the common ancestor between H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis. Humans arrived in the Americas roughly 16,000 years ago. However, the means by which we crossed the Pacific Ocean is still unclear. Most contend that we migrated across the Beringia land bridge that existed throughout the last ice age. Homo sapiens eventually succeeded all other hominid species, but it was not easy for them to do so. Nearly 100,000 years ago, we faced extinc- tion as our populations dwindled to 10,000. Today, the world human population is approaching 7 billion. Homo sapiens (modern man) 170 cm Brehms Tierleben, 1927 Ardipithecus ramidus (4.4M years ago) Today: 2009 120 cm J.H. Matternes, 2009 Homo neanderthalensis (200K years ago) 155 cm www.boneclones.com Australopithecus afarensis (3.5M years ago) 130 cm www.paleoastronautica.com Origins becoming human DAI 523 Information Design I Instructor: Pino Trogu Design and Industry Department College of Creative Arts San Francisco State University California, USA – December 2009 Case Study No. 22 Designed by Eugene Wong The 34x44 poster can be folded down to 8.5x11 as shown on the grid. BACK COVER FRONT COVER
Transcript of Origins - San Francisco State...
ASIAEUROPE
AFRICA
AUSTRALIA
NORTHAMERICA
SOUTHAMERICA
Source: www.terradaily.com
Originsbecoming human
Human Migration Map
Timeline of Human Evolution
Approximately five million years ago, an ape in Africa began to walk on two legs and took the first steps towards humanity. The road, however, was a long one, as it wasn't until very recently–only 100,000 years ago–that Homo sapiens emerged and ultimately became the foremost hominid species in the world. Trace the path of human evolution from its early beginnings in Africa to its widespread dominance today in order to learn more about what it took for humanity to thrive.
We know little about exactly when our ancestors descended from the trees, but the discovery of Ardipithecus ramidus helped us reveal part of the story. Dated to ~4.4 million years, Ardi is the oldest skeleton of human ancestry that has ever been discovered.
HomoThe genus that includes modern humans and species closely related to them. The genus is estimated to be about 2.5 million years old, evolving from Australopithecine ancestors with the appearance of Homo habilis. The advent of Homo coincides with the first evidence of stone tools and thus by definition with the beginning of the Lower Paleolithic. All species of the genus except Homo sapiens (modern humans) are extinct.
ParanthropusA genus often described as the robust australopithecines. They were early protohominids, and considered to be the sister group of Homo. Members of the genus, often called nutcracker man, were characterized by bipedal-ism, enormous molars and premolars, and reduced front teeth. They were common at such sites as Olduvai and Koobi Fora, in the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene.
AustralopithecusA genus found in Africa between about 4 -1 million years ago. At least seven species of australopithecines are now generally recognized. Among their many shared anatomical traits were a fully erect posture and bipedal gait. The most primitive anatomical feature was a small and apelike braincase, comparable in size to those of gorillas and chimpanzees when measured relative to overall body size.
ArdipithecusA genus whose distinguishing characteristics are bipedalism incorporating a grasping big toe, reduced canine teeth and a small brain size compa-rable to that of the modern chimpanzee. Ar. ramidus existed more recently than the most recent common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees, and is unlike the latter in many ways, suggesting that the common ancestor was itself rather different from modern chimpanzees.
This drawing of Ardipithecus rami-dus depicts what the species may have looked like as it lived 4.4M years ago. Distinct features, like its grasping hands and small brain capacity, are rendered in fine detail to illustrate specific traits particular to the species. This art-work, termed paleoart, is often a result of weeks of collaboration between scientists and artists who are experts in their fields.
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
Paranthropus
Homo
12345 Million Years Ago
Ar. ramidus
A. anamensis A. afarensis
A. africanus
A. garhi H. rudolfensis
H. ergaster H. heidelbergenis
H. habilis H. erectus H. neanderthalensis
P. aethiopicus P. boisei
P. robustus
H. sapiens
Source: ww
w.darwiniana.org
2009
Homo hedelbergensis were the first to make it out of Africa into Europe over 600,000 years ago. They are the common ancestor between H. sapiens and H. neanderthalensis.
Humans arrived in the Americas roughly 16,000 years ago. However, the means by which we crossed the Pacific Ocean is still unclear. Most contend that we migrated across the Beringia land bridge that existed throughout the last ice age.
Homo sapiens eventually succeeded all other hominid species, but it was not easy for them to do so. Nearly 100,000 years ago, we faced extinc-tion as our populations dwindled to 10,000. Today, the world human population is approaching 7 billion.
Homo sapiens(modern man)
170 cm
Brehms Tierleben, 1927
Ardipithecus ramidus(4.4M years ago)
Today: 2009
120 cm
J.H. Matternes, 2009
Homo neanderthalensis(200K years ago)
155 cm
ww
w.boneclones.com
Australopithecus afarensis(3.5M years ago)
130 cm
ww
w.paleoastronautica.com
Originsbecoming human
DAI 523 Information Design IInstructor: Pino TroguDesign and Industry DepartmentCollege of Creative ArtsSan Francisco State UniversityCalifornia, USA – December 2009
Case Study No. 22 Designed by Eugene Wong
The 34x44 poster can be folded down to 8.5x11 as shown on the grid.
BACKCOVER
FRONT COVER
