Origins of Sociology. Sociology began in 1800’s (19 th Century) in Europe Auguste Comte Father of...
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Transcript of Origins of Sociology. Sociology began in 1800’s (19 th Century) in Europe Auguste Comte Father of...
Origins of Sociology
Origins of Sociology
Sociology began in 1800’s (19th Century) in Europe
Auguste Comte• Father of Sociology (French)•Wrote: Positive Philosophy• Belief: Scientific observation to study behavior/society• Positivism: base knowledge on truths• Social Statics: study of social stability• Social Stability: study of social change
Harriet Martineau• Pioneer Feminist (English)• Belief: emphasis on Sociology as a science• Translated Comte’s book into English
Herbert Spencer• Social Darwinism (English)• Belief: evolutionary social change leads to progress• Opposed social reform (interfered w/evolution)
Karl Marx• Founder of Communism (German)• Belief: conflict and social change work hand in hand
Max Weber• Sociologist (German)• Belief: humans act based on personal understandings in a situation• Verstehen: understanding social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others•Rationalization: use of knowledge and reason in a situation
Emile Durkheim• First to teach Sociology at university (French)• First to use statistics in Sociology• Belief: society exists based on agreement among members of society• Mechanical Solidarity vs. Organic Solidarity
Jane Addams• Woman Social Reformer (American)• Belief: problems of the poor caused by imbalance of power among the social classes
W.E.B. DuBois• African American educator & social activist (American)• Focus: analyzed social structure of blacks and why American belief was blacks are “inferior”