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Transcript of Original World Wide Cultures
•Michelle Passarelli •Rosario Gómez •Diana Medrano •Sofía Pozuelos
•Brian Donis •Marco Donis
THE BEST CULTURE,
ARE YOUR ROOTS
2
United States of America
(USA): • Commonly called the United States (US or U.S.), is a
federal constitutional republic consisting of fifty states
and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in
central North America, where its forty-eight
contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital
district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,
bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the
south. The state of Alaska is situated in the northwest
portion of the continent, with Canada to its east and
Russia to its west across the Bering Strait. The state of
Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific.
3
1. Work: This country have a lot of works available for all kind of
people, that is why many immigrants choose to live in the
United States, for the great job opportunities.
The workforce within the United States continues to shift from
manufacturing and agriculture to professional and office
jobs. Based on data from the 2000 census, the principal
types of jobs in the USA and the number of workers are:
• sales and office 34,621,000
• professional and related 26,199,000
• production and transport. 19,968,000
• service 19,277,000
• management, financial, 17,448,000
• construction and maintenance. 12,256,000
• farming, fishing, forestry 952,000
• total employed males: 69,091,000
• total employed females: 60,630,000
• total males: 137,916,000
• total females: 143,506,000
• total population: 281,422,000
4
2. Family: n 2007, 58% of Americans age 18 and over were married, 6%
were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 25% had never
been married. Women now work mostly outside the home
and receive a majority of bachelor's degrees.
The U.S. teenage pregnancy rate, 79.8 per 1,000 women, is the
highest among OECD nations. Abortion policy was left to
the states until the Supreme Court legalized the practice in
1973. The issue remains highly controversial, with public
opinion closely divided for many years. Many states ban
public funding of the procedure and restrict late-term
abortions, require parental notification for minors, and
mandate a waiting period. While the abortion rate is falling,
the abortion ratio of 241 per 1,000 live births and abortion
rate of 15 per 1,000 women aged 15–44 remain higher than
those of most Western nations.
Same-sex marriage is a contentious issue. Some states permit
civil unions or domestic partnerships in lieu of marriage.
Since 2003, several states have legalized gay marriage as
the result of judicial or legislative action. Meanwhile, the
federal government and a majority of states define marriage
as between a man and a woman and/or explicitly prohibit
same-sex marriage. Public opinion on the issue has shifted
from general opposition in the 1990s to a statistical
deadlock, to a majority in support. 5
3. Spare time: It wouldn't be technically correct to say Americans were using
their free time to do "nothing." The two most popular
activities found in the survey, were sleeping and watching
television. Americans spent 6 minutes more per day doing
the former and 12 minutes more doing the latter compared
to 2007.
Watching TV was the one leisure activity that occupied the most
time (2.8 hours per day), which accounts for about half of
leisure time on average.
21 percent of men chose to spend their free time participating in
sports, as opposed to 16 percent of women. Men still spent
more time doing these leisurely activities than women -- 2.0
hours compared with 1.4 hours.
Sadly, 35 percent of Americans spent time working on an
average weekend day. Most of these Americans are actually
people with multiple jobs, the government data showed.
The BLS reported that multiple jobholders were almost
twice as likely to work on an average weekend day than to
those who held just one job. The average workday for
Americans clocked in at 7.5 hours.
6
4. Main Religions The United States is officially a secular nation; the First
Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids the establishment of any religious governance. In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation. According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christian, down from 86.4% in 1990.
The following chart shows how is distributed the population according to the religions practiced in USA:
7
5. Politics: The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is
a constitutional republic and representative democracy, "in
which majority rule is tempered by minority rights
protected by law".[114] The government is regulated by a
system of checks and balances defined by the U.S.
Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal
document.
The United States has operated under a two-party system for
most of its history. For elective offices at most levels, state-
administered primary elections choose the major party
nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the
general election of 1856, the major parties have been the
Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican
Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-
party presidential candidate—former president Theodore
Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as
much as 20% of the popular vote. The third-largest political
party is the Libertarian Party.
Barak Obama,
actual president of
USA
8
Conclusion paragraph: • United States is located in the
northern part of the American
continent between Canada and
Mexico. It is bordered by the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It is a
country of great geographical
extent. Its territory is diverse, broad
and with innumerable natural
beauties, covering large areas of
coastline, vast lakes, rivers, snowy
mountains, valleys, savannas,
deserts, islands and beaches. More
than a third of the country is
covered by forests. It is a very
important country for global trade.
9
Cuba
• Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country
in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main
island of Cuba, as well as the Isla de la Juventud and several
archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the
country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest
city. The north of Cuba lies the United States (150 km or 90
mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the
Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and
the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
10
1. Work:
Nevertheless, there are still some job opportunities available for
expats who plan on working in Cuba. For instance, you can
always find employment working in Cuba-based offices of
foreign companies or agencies. However, as most of these
are joint ventures together with Cuban companies, Cuban
applicants are usually treated preferentially.
Within the tourist industry, expats interested in working in Cuba
may find employment as tour operators or representatives.
You can, however, not expat to be hired as a barman,
entertainer, or cleaning staff. These types of jobs are
reserved for Cubans. Many expats with plans on working in
Cuba also find work as freelance writers, photographers, or
journalists. However, keep in mind that you need a special
work permit for this.
All in all, it is rather difficult for expats who dream of working
in Cuba to find employment. Almost all jobs are distributed
by the state. Securing a work permit, the prerequisite for
working in Cuba, is definitely not easy as Cuban citizens
are treated preferentially. For more information on work
permits, have a look at our article on moving to Cuba.
11
2. Family:
It is within the context of the Special Period, the economic crisis
that began in the early 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet
Union and the tightening of the economic blockade by the
United States, that we analyze work and family relations in
Cuba. Although women made significant gains in the labor
market after the Revolution, the Special Period has eroded
many of these gains. Using interviews collected in Cuba, we
document the struggles that women workers encountered in
order to continue to support their families and stay in the
labor market. The growth of jobs in the tourist sector has
led to worker redistribution and occupational downward
mobility, as workers moved from professional to less skilled
jobs in the tourism industry with little opportunities for
mobility. We also capture how the Special Period has
impacted Cuban families. Despite state attempts to legislate
gender equity within the family, patriarchy was never fully
eradicated in the home. This failure of the revolutionary
project has been exacerbated by the country’s current
economic crisis. The burden of this crisis has fallen more
heavily on women who continue to shoulder the
responsibility for household work and childcare.
12
3. Spare time:
Even though many in Cuba cannot afford much, they are very
resourceful in finding fun things to do. Cubans enjoy
dancing, especially Salsa! Cubans are fortunate to have
beaches where they can bring some food and drink and have
a great time. Baseball is the national sport and many boys
start out by playing baseball on the streets. Playing
dominoes is also a big past time for the men. For the ladies,
well they have the equivalent of the soap operas here in the
States to keep them occupied.
13
4. Religion:
Cuba's prevailing religion is Catholicism, although in some instances it is profoundly modified and influenced through syncretism. A common syncretic religion is Santería, which combined the Yoruban religion of the African slaves with Catholicism and some Native American strands; it shows similarities to Brazilian Umbanda and has been receiving a degree of official support. The Roman Catholic Church estimates that 60 percent of the population is Catholic, but only 5% of that 60% attends mass regularly, while independent sources estimate that as few 1.5% of the population does so.
Membership in Protestant churches is estimated to be 5 percent and includes Baptists, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventists, Presbyterians, Anglicans, Episcopalians, Methodists, Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and Lutherans. Other groups include theGreek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, Baha'is, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons).
Cuba is home to a variety of syncretic religions of largely African cultural origin.
14
• According to a US State Department report, some
sources estimate that as much as 80 percent of the
population consults with practitioners of religions
with West African roots, such as Santeria or Yoruba.
Santería developed out of the traditions of the
Yoruba, one of the African peoples who were
imported to Cuba during the 16th through 19th
centuries to work on the sugar plantations. Santería
blends elements of Christianity andWest African
beliefs and as such made it possible for the slaves to
retain their traditional beliefs while appearing to
practice Catholicism. La Virgen de la Caridad del
Cobre (Our Lady Of Charity) is the Catholic
patroness of Cuba, and is greatly revered by the
Cuban people and seen as a symbol of Cuba. In
Santería, she has been syncretized with the goddess
Ochún. The important religious festival "La Virgen
de la Caridad del Cobre" is celebrated by Cubans
annually on 8 September. Other religions practised
are Palo Monte, and Abakuá, which have large parts
of their liturgy in African languages.
15
5. Politics: The Constitution of 1976, which defined Cuba as a socialist republic, was
replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is "guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin." The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the "leading force of society and of the state". The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba is concurrently President of the Council of State (President of Cuba) and President of the Council of Ministers (sometimes referred to as Premier of Cuba). Members of both councils are elected by the National Assembly of People's Power. The President of Cuba, who is also elected by the Assembly, serves for five years and there is no limit to the number of terms of office.
The Supreme Court of Cuba serves as the nation's highest judicial branch of government. It is also the court of last resort for all appeals against the decisions of provincial courts.
Cuba's national legislature, the National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional de Poder Popular), is the supreme organ of power; 609 members serve five-year terms. The assembly meets twice a year; between sessions legislative power is held by the 31 member Council of Ministers. Candidates for the Assembly are approved by public referendum. All Cuban citizens over 16 who have not been convicted of a criminal offense can vote. Article 131 of the Constitution states that voting shall be "through free, equal and secret vote". Article 136 states: "In order for deputies or delegates to be considered elected they must get more than half the number of valid votes cast in the electoral districts". Votes are cast by secret ballot and counted in public view. Nominees are chosen at local gatherings from multiple candidates before gaining approval from election committees. In the subsequent election, there is only one candidate for each seat, who must gain a majority to be elected.
No political party is permitted to nominate candidates or campaign on the island, including the Communist Party. The Communist Party of Cuba has held six party congress meetings since 1975. In 2011, the party stated that there were 800,000 members, and representatives generally constitute at least half of the Councils of state and the National Assembly. The remaining positions are filled by candidates nominally without party affiliation. Other political parties campaign and raise finances internationally, while activity within Cuba by opposition groups is minimal. 16
Conclusion paragraph
• Cuba is an island in the Caribbean Sea. About its politics, Cuba is a socialist republic that means "leading force of society and of the state". Catholicism is the religion that prevailing in this country. But its religion is influenced through syncretism, therefore in Cuba the people have a lot of beliefs. Those things do Cuba could be a country with obstacles in work and family. So, in this country the work is a big problem to survive. Because the people who want to work, find a job only in foreign companies. But there are few foreign companies with several populations. The work influences in the family for satisfy the needs of all the members. But in Cuba, the crown talk about that they have a lot of economic problems, and that is a reason why to families is difficult to survive.
17
Guatemala
Guatemala , officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a
country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the
north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest,
Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and
Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Its area is
108,890 km2 (42,043 mi2) with an estimated population
of 13,276,517.
18
1. Work:
Some travelers find work in bars, restaurants and places to stay in Antigua, Panajachel or Quetzaltenango, but the wages are just survival pay. If you’re looking to crew a yacht, there’s always work being offered around the Río Dulce area, sometimes for short trips, sometimes to the States and further afield. Check notice boards (Bruno’s has the best one) for details.
Business hours
Guatemalan shops and businesses are generally open from 8am to noon and 2pm to 6pm, Monday to Saturday, but there are many variations. Banks typically open 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday (again with variations), and 9am to 1pm Saturday. Government offices usually open 8am to 4pm, Monday to Friday. Official business is always better conducted in the morning.
Restaurant hours are typically 7am to 9pm, but can vary by up to two hours either way. Most bars open from 10am or 11am to 10pm or 11pm. The Ley Seca (dry law) stipulates that bars and discotecas must close by 1am, except on nights before public holidays. It is rigidly adhered to in large cities and universally laughed at in smaller towns and villages. If restaurants or bars have a closing day, it’s usually Sunday. Typical shopping hours are 8am to noon and 2pm to 6pm, Monday to Saturday.
19
2. Family: Much of Guatemalan life revolves around families. Guatemalans say
that parents are espejos (mirrors): through them, you learn who you are and what you can become. Children are able to depend on their parents for advice and guidance throughout their lives. Family members tend to live near each other, and Guatemalans rarely live or spend much time alone. An invitation to a party or social function, for example, would be interpreted to include all the family members, including children and grandparents. Most families consist of parents and their unmarried children, though may include a married son or daughter and their family. Families also care for elderly relatives, and godparents (padrinos) are considered an important part of the family. However, traditional family patterns are changing as Guatemalans adopt more North American values. Guatemalan women tend to marry young and have many children. In rural areas, some couples cannot afford or access a church wedding, and often live in common-law marriages. Mayan couples may also perform different commitment ceremonies other than church weddings. Women give birth at home, though in cities they may go to a hospital. Guatemala's population is unique in Central America for its strong resistance to assimilation; even today, there are as more indigenas than ladinos. A fundamental split has developed in Guatemala between indigenas, those who have continued to follow their traditional Mayan lifestyle and speak their traditional languages, and ladinos, Hispanics and people of Mayan descent who have adopted a Westernized lifestyle and use Spanish as their primary language. Guatemalan ladino culture has been characterized as urban-oriented, receptive to new (especially foreign) ideas and impatient with the slow, unchanging patterns of traditional life. Most Guatemalans have adopted some forms of Western clothing, though some men still wear the sandalsor or sash and woolen ponchito, which identifies them as Mayans. Mayan women use tzutes, a type of blanket, for cushioning baskets on their heads or swaddling infants.
20
3. Spare time: Mayalandia is an experienced tour operator in Guatemala,
offering customized tours to any destination in Guatemala.
Enjoy all the adventure the Maya world has to offer.
On this segment we want to present you the variety of activities
which offer you infinity of option that will permit you to
have a better idea how you can enjoy the most of your
vacation in Guatemala.
We group in this segment under several categories as Adventure,
Nature, Cultural and Transport, most of them we provide or
organize in concert with qualified experts in the field.
These activities are mostly customized to maximize the
experience, at certain occasions it might be collective for
reasons of logistic, for example the white water rafting, and
also to reduce the cost of the expedition.
21
4. Religion: In Guatemala 50–60% of the population is Roman Catholicism
in Guatemala, 40% Protestant, 3% Eastern Orthodox and
1% follow the indigenous Mayan faith. Catholicism was the
official religion during the colonial era. However,
Protestantism has increased markedly in recent decades.
More than one third of Guatemalans are Protestant, chiefly
Evangelicals and Pentecostals.
22
5. Politics: Politics of Guatemala takes place in a framework of a
presidential representative democratic republic, whereby
the President of Guatemala is both head of state and head
of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive
power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is
vested in both thegovernment and the Congress of the
Republic. The judiciary is independent of the executive and
the legislature.
Guatemala's 1985 Constitution provides for a separation of
powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial
branches of government. The 1993 constitutional reforms
included an increase in the number of Supreme Court
justices from 9 to 13. The terms of office for president, vice
president, and congressional deputies were reduced from
five years to four years; for Supreme Court justices from six
years to five years, and increased the terms of mayors and
city councils from 30 months to four years.
23
Conclusion paragraph:
• Guatemala is a beautiful country to grow and live. The weather and its people do Guatemala a unique place to have great days. Actually in this country its president is Otto Pérez Molina and he is the responsible of all the things that complete and supervise Guatemalan politics. The foreign people come to Guatemala to look for a job and live with fewer expenses. Some people find jobs in Antigua Guatemala, Quetzaltenango, Río Dulce and Panajachel. Those places are unique and perfect to have great businesses, because they wait every year a lot of tourist people and that is a reason for Guatemala to grow in national economics. In this country have a lot of poor populations, because it does not have a lot of works. To some families in The Altiplano is so hard to survive. They have to cultivate and eat with natural food. But in education is hard to prepare teenagers and children to the future.
24
LONDON • London is the capital city of England and the United
Kingdom, and the largest city, urban zone and
metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the
European Union by most measures. Located on the
River Thames.
• London is a leading global city, with strengths in the
arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion,
finance, healthcare, media, professional services,
research and development, tourism and transport all
contributing to its prominence. London has been
described as a world cultural capital. It is the world's
most-visited city as measured by international arrivals
and has the world's largest city airport system measured
by passenger traffic
25
1. WORK:
• London generates approximately 20 per cent of the UK's
GDP(or $446 billion in 2005); while the economy of the
London metropolitan area—the largest in Europe—
generates approximately 30 per cent of the UK's GDP
(or an estimated $669 billion in 2005). London is one of
the pre-eminent financial centres of the world and vies
with New York City as the most important location for
international finance.
• London's largest industry is finance, and its financial
exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance
of payments. Around 325,000 people were employed in
financial services in London. London has over 480
overseas banks, more than any other city in the world.
Over 85% (3.2 million) of the employed population of
greater London works in the services industries. Due to
its prominent global role, London's economy has been
affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis. The City of
London is home to the Bank of England, London Stock
Exchange, and Lloyd's of London insurance market.
26
2. Family:
• Classes and Castes. The idea of social class is much more powerful than
that of ethnicity. People frequently characterize themselves as working
class or middle class. Although few admit to being upper class, in principle
there are three classes, with the highest one reserved for the aristocratic
inheritors of old, landed wealth. The term "social class" has complex
meanings with social, economic, and political dimensions. People who
describe themselves as working class perceive themselves to have
respectable but unprivileged origins, and typically are born into a family
supported by wages from industrial or agricultural labor paid in cash at the
end of the week. In these families neither parent has a college degree and
the housing that the family occupies is rented. There is a strong association
between the idea of being working class and supportive of the trade union
movement and the Labour Party; the identification thus is with a set of
corporate or collective economic, social, and political interests and
aspirations
• family relationships remain close. Roughly 70 percent of adults live within
an hour's journey of their parents or grown-up children, and nearly half see
their mothers, fathers, adult children, and best friends at least once a week.
While newspaper and television reports claim that the nuclear family is in
decline because of increased rates of unmarried cohabitation and divorce,
personal commitment to kinship ties has not changed much. Seventy
percent of adults think that people should keep in touch with close family
members; 55 percent think that they should keep in touch with relatives
such as uncles, aunts, and cousins; 60 percent say that they would rather
spend time with relatives than with friends; and nearly 80 percent think
relatives are more important than friends. These attitudes vary with age and
gender—people over age forty-five tend to be more family-centered than
are younger people.
27
3. Spare time:
• In the Old England the tradition
was either, Polo (for the rich)
or Rugby and Football for the
middle class or the poor, At the
present time, Football is one of
the most common, Rock-
climbing is another popular
hobbies in London, how has
wonderful places to practice
this. However London has
amazing touristic places to go
and have fun. 28
4. Main Religious:
• Since the 1950s, church adherence has
fallen dramatically, and the British are
generally uninterested in formal religious
practice. Sixty percent of adults do not
believe in God, and one-third have no
religious affiliation. Thirty-six percent of
the population identifies with the official,
state-sanctioned Church of England; 10
percent with the Roman Catholic Church; 4
percent with Presbyterianism; 4 percent
with Baptism and Methodism; 3 percent
with other Protestant denominations, and 3
percent with other religions. Four percent
describe themselves as Christians, and 35
percent say that they have no religion.
29
5. Politics: • Government. The United Kingdom is a
constitutional monarchy. The monarch is
chief of state and the prime minister is
head of government. The Cabinet of
Ministers is appointed by the prime
minister and are responsible to
Parliament. Parliament is composed of the
House of Lords (hereditary), the House of
Commons (elected), and the sovereign.
• Leadership and Political Officials. The
monarch reigns, but does not rule the
nation per se, acting only with the
approval of Parliament. The prime
minister holds the executive power and is
traditionally the leader of the majority
party in Parliament. The primary parties
are the Labour Party, the Conservative
Party, and the Liberal Democrats.
30
Conclusion paragraph
• A multicultural city, London has a diverse
range of peoples and cultures, and more
than 300 languages are spoken within its
boundaries. London has something for
everyone, from history to culture, art, grand
museums, dazzling architecture, royalty,
diversity and irrepressible pizazz.
• London is the seat of the Government of the
United London has traditionally been
Christian, and has a large number of
churches, particularly in the City of
London. The well-known St Paul's
Cathedral in the City and Southwark
Cathedral south of the river are Anglican
administrative centresKingdom. In religious
sense 31
China
• One country that has a rich cultural history, a large
population and some of the grandest mountain ranges in
the world is China. This country is the third largest one
and contains the world's largest population. It is also
home to one of the very first recorded civilizations.
Thanks to its large mountains it is rich in natural
resources that had come up from the earth. China
produces a large variety of things from steel, to cameras
and synthetic materials. Electricity generation is one of
the largest in the world. It's government is one of the
oldest on earth starting in 1726. All of these things make
up China.
32
1. Work:
China’s job market has started to show signs of stress,
putting pressure on the government to intensify fiscal
spending to prevent the economy from weakening
further.
• Like politicians the world over, Chinese leaders’ biggest
single economic worry is whether unemployment is
under control, and analysts say the job outlook will help
determine whether they launch a big stimulus effort as
they did nearly four years ago.
So far the labour market has held up much better than in
late 2008 when 20m migrant workers lost their jobs. But
cracks are appearing and that experience showed how
the situation can change virtually overnight in China.
• “Depending on how deep the growth slowdown is,
unemployment can deteriorate very suddenly,” said
Ding Shuang, an economist with Citi.
• China, which publishes the bulk of its second-quarter
economic data on Friday, is expected to have grown
about 7.5 per cent, its slowest pace in three years.
33
2. Family: • The institution of family is the pinnacle of society. This is a fact that has
long been realized by the Chinese who hold the family bonds as sacred and
honor them accordingly. The traditional Chinese family has a hierarchical
order with the man as the head of the family tagged with the responsibility
for earning the bread of his family. This responsibility also endows him
with complete authority and the final say in the affairs of the family.
• The roles adopted by the members of the family in Chinese society have
been greatly influenced by religion. Social order and communal behavior
was learnt by the Chinese through the philosophy of Confucianism. The
influence of religion on the family structure spanned from choosing a mate
to dealing with your children. With the passage of time however Chinese
family values have undergone many changes. There are some aspects of
the Chinese culture that are still the same. For instance the father is still the
maintainer, provider and protector of the family. He may still have a final
say in the important matters concerning his children but no longer does the
man of the house enjoy absolute control over his family members. The
children of today’s Chinese family are more or less free to choose the
career they want to pursue but are required to consult their elders for
advice.
• When it comes to marriage we find the Chinese to have an elaborate
wedding celebration culture. The wedding events include many ritualistic
practices. Although they have been toned down over the years they have
been retained to a certain degree because they are meant to honor the
institution of family.
• The father of the house is also responsible for housing and educating his
children up until the time of their marriage. Once married the children
move into their own homes. Traditionally married couples would also stay
with the parents of the groom for a short while before moving out into their
own homes.
34
3. Spare time:
• Perhaps table-tennis is the first sport that comes to mind
for most people when they hear the country China. It is
one of the country's national sports. But China offers
much more that this. Various martial arts are very
popular.
• Wushu and Kung Fu are two wide terms of martial arts.
Wushu is used to characterize the more modern
competition-oriented forms that exist today in the
country while old Kung Fu styles that have survived
often have done so outside China. All forms of martial
arts are physically demanding, it is necessary to be able
to summon both condition, concentration, presence of
mind, balance and physical and phychological strength.
Martial arts are very common in Asia in general, in
China as well as in other countries. Chinese
Qigong and Tai Chi have become popular to practise
also in Northern Europe during the past years, as have
several Japanese sports. In China they are just as much a
way of living as a form of training to keep the body in
shape. The focus of the training can be set on self-
defense, personal development, competition or on a
close to artistic level.
35
4. Main Religion:
• Buddhism
Buddhism was introduced to China around the first century
A.D. Since the fourth century A.D, it was widely spread and
gradually became the most influential religion in China.
Buddhism in China is divided into three branches according to
varied language families, namely, Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan
Buddhism and Pali Buddhism and there are about 200 thousand
Buddhist monks and nuns under these three branches. At
present, there are more than 13 thousand Buddhist temples that
are open to the public, 33 Buddhist colleges and nearly 50
types of Buddhist publications in China.
As one branch of Buddhism in China, Tibetan Buddhism is
mainly spread in China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, Inner
Mongolia Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province with
some 7 million believers from Tibetan, Mongolian, Yugu,
Monba, Luoba and Tu nationalities. Pali Buddhism is popular
in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Dai
and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture and Simao region in
southwestern China’s Yunnan Province with over one million
believers from Dai, Bulang, Achang and Va nationalities. The
believers of Chinese Buddhism are mainly Han people, who
live all over China.
36
5. Politics:
• Under China's 1982 constitution, the most powerful
organ of state is meant to be the National People's
Congress (NPC), China's parliament. In truth, it is little
more than a rubber stamp for party decisions.The
congress is made up of nearly 3,000 delegates elected
by China's provinces, autonomous regions,
municipalities and the armed forces. Delegates hold
office for five years, and the full congress is convened
for one session each year.
• This sporadic and unwieldy nature means that real
influence lies within a standing committee of about 150
members elected from congress delegates. It meets
every couple of months.
• In theory, the congress has the powers to change the
constitution and make laws. But it is not, and is not
meant to be, an independent body in the Western sense
of a parliament.
37
Conclusion paragraph:
• China, an ancient, mysterious and beautiful land, is
always appealing to adventurous foreign visitors. As the
third largest country in the world occupying an area of
9,600,000 sq km, it spans 62 degrees of longitude and
49 degrees of latitude. A wide variety of terrain and
climate shape its numerous natural attractions.
Abundant in a variety of resources, plants, animals, and
minerals, the land has nurtured countless generations of
Chinese people. One of China's greatest treasures is her
long, rich history. As early as 1.7 million years ago, the
earliest humans evolved on this land.
• China is proud of her many people, long history,
resplendent culture and distinctive customs. Among her
greatest gifts to the world are the 'four great
inventions' (paper, gunpowder, printing and the
compass) . Chinese arts and crafts, including painting,
calligraphy, operas, embroidery and silk are distinctive
and unique. Martial arts, which have only recently
begun to enjoy popularity in other parts of the world
have been part of Chinese culture for centuries, and
Chinese literature is testifies to the country's rich
heritage. And, of course, there is Chinese cuisine, which
has been exported to every corner of the globe. 38
WORK
U.S.A CUBA GUATEM
ALA
LONDON CHINA
The
workforce
continues
to shift
from
manufactu
ring and
agricultur
e to
profession
al and
office
jobs.
Expats
interested
in working
in Cuba
may find
employme
nt as tour
operators
or
representat
ives.
If you’re
looking to
crew a
yacht,
there’s
always
work being
offered
around
sometimes
for short
trips.
London's
largest
industry is
finance,
and its
financial
exports
make it a
large
contributor
to the UK's
balance of
payments
“Dependi
ng on
how deep
the
growth
slowdow
n is,
unemplo
yment
can
deteriorat
e very
suddenly,
”
The Jobs are very important in all the countries, to have a
better economic development.
39
FAMILY
U.S.A CUBA GUATE
MALA
LON
DON
CHINA
American
s age 18
and over
were
married,
6% were
widowed,
10% were
divorced,
and 25%
had never
been
married.
Despite
state
attempts to
legislate
gender
equity
within the
family,
patriarchy
was never
fully
eradicated
in the
home.
Guatemal
ans say
that
parents
are
mirrors
through
them, you
learn who
you are
and what
you can
become.
famil
y
relati
onshi
ps
remai
n
close.
The institution
of family is the
pinnacle of
society. This is
a fact that has
long been
realized by the
Chinese who
hold the family
bonds as
sacred and
honor them
accordingly.
In all the countries the parents are considered the family
Guides because they give the example of good and bad.
40
SPARE TIME
U.S.A CUBA GUATE
MALA
LONDO
N
CHINA
The two
most
popular
activities
found in
the
survey,
were
sleeping
and
watching
televisio
n.
Even
though
many in
Cuba
cannot
afford
much, they
are very
resourceful
in finding
fun things
to do.
These
activities
are mostly
customize
d to
maximize
the
experienc
e.
In the Old
England
the
tradition
was either,
Polo (for
the rich)
or Rugby
and
Football
Wushu
and Kung
Fu are two
wide
terms
of martial
arts.
The persons in their spare time usually do physical activities
or make their favorite hobby.
41
MAIN RELIGION U.S.A CUBA GUATE
MALA
LONDO
N
CHINA
America
ns said
that
religion
is very
importa
nt in
their
lives,
most of
the
people
in the
country
are
Christia
ns.
The religion in
Cuba is very
interesting
because the
60% of the
population is
catholic but
only 5% of
that 60%
attend mass
regularly, in
some parts of
Cuba is
modified and
influenced
through
syncretism.
In
Guatemal
a the
official
religion
is the
Catholici
sm but in
the last
years the
number
of
Protestan
tism
people
increase.
the British
are
generally
uninterest
ed in
formal
religious
practice,
more of
the 60%
in the
country
don’t go
to the
church.
The
Buddhism
are the
oldest
religion in
China and
the most
common
in that
country,
they don’t
believe a
lot in
other
religions.
All the Countries has their official religion and everyone
believe in God in their way.
42
POLITICS U.S.A CUBA GUATEMALA LONDON CHINA
The United
States is a
federal
constitution
al republic,
in which
the
executive
branch is
headed by
the
President
and is
independen
t of the
legislature.
Cuba is
constitution
ally defined
as a
socialist
state, the
present
Constitutio
n also
ascribes the
role of the
Communist
Party of
Cuba to be
the "leading
force of
society and
of the
state".
It is a
democratic
country
where the
legislative
power is
vested in
both the
government
and the
Congress of
the
Republic.
The
judiciary is
independen
t of the
executive
and the
legislature.
The
United
Kingdom
is a
constitutio
nal
monarchy.
The
monarch
is chief of
state and
the prime
minister is
head of
governme
nt.
The politics
of China is
of a single-
party
socialist
republic.
The
leadership
of the
Communist
Party is
stated in
the
Constitutio
n of the
People's
Republic of
China.
In summary all countries has a representative who acts as the
voice of the people.
43
ETHICAL PROBLEM Alan works in the claims department of a major hospital. Paperwork on a
recent admission shows that a traumatic mugging caused the patient to require
an adjustment in the medication she is prescribed to control anxiety and mood
swings. Alan is struck by the patient’s unusual last name and upon checking
her employment information realizes she is one of his daughter’s grade school
teachers.
Alan’s daughter seems very happy in her school and he cannot violate patient
confidentiality by informing the school of a teacher’s mental illness but he is
not comfortable with a potentially unstable person in a position of influence
and supervision over his eight year old daughter. Can Alan reconcile these
issues in an ethical manner?
Answer: At first the doctor should ask the patient if she
gives her permission to helps her because the teacher can
have many problems with the school if the doctor
denounced as inadequate for the job but this may change in
all countries, for example in large countries safety
standards for children are very strong so the teacher can
lose their work unless it is proved that she is in their
mental capacities to continue with their work, but this does
not happen in small countries like Guatemala because they
don’t have the ability to verify this for themselves. In my
opinion based on previous research the doctor has to
suggest the teacher to get other kind of job where she can
have more peace.
44
London: The possible answer for this problem could be
that the doctor gives a warning to school because the
teacher did not the skills for the job.
China: The people in this country can say that if she
has the skills and it does not affect anyone she can
continue with their work normally.
Cuba: In this country most people do not care if the
person who teaches your children is good or bad
person.
Unites States: This country is really focused on the
safety of children and take very seriously the rules that
a teachers must fulfill.
Guatemala: We have trouble with teachers because we
do not enforce the rules, for this reason they do
wherever they want to do with their students.
45