Origin of the atmosphere
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Transcript of Origin of the atmosphere
Origin of the atmosphere
Neil Savio Dsouza
The billion-eurold questions
1. Why does Earth have an atmosphere?2. What was the early atmosphere like? Why?3. How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 2Bremen University
1. Why does Earth have an atmosphere?
• Enough gravity [ radius, density ]
• The right temperature [ thermal velocity, states ]
• The right raw-materials [ stability ]
• Sources of gasses > Sinks
Sources Sinks
Volcanism, meteorite showers, chemical reactions, state changes
Thermal escape, solar wind, chemical reactions, state changes
April 19, 2023 3Bremen University
Lecture material, Atmospheric Physics, 2003, PEP
April 19, 2023 4Bremen University
1. Why does Earth have an atmosphere?
• Enough gravity [ radius, density ]
• The right temperature [ thermal velocity, states ]
• The right raw-materials [ stability ]
• Sources of gasses > Sinks
Sources Sinks
Volcanism, meteorite showers, chemical reactions, state changes
Thermal escape, solar wind, chemical reactions, state changes
April 19, 2023 5Bremen University
What was the early atmosphere like?
• The first atmosphere Components*: H2 & He
Sources: Space debrisSinks: Thermal escape, Solar wind
Lost to space
April 19, 2023 6Bremen University
What was the early atmosphere like?
• The second atmosphereComponents: H2O, CO2, SO2, CO, S2, N2, H2, NH3,,CH4, O2*
Sources: Volcanism, photolysis, meteoritesSinks: chemical reactions(CO2,O2), state changes(H2O)
Magnetosphere develops*
April 19, 2023 7Bremen University
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 8
http://www.multinet.no/~trojen/australia/pages/australia%20-%20limestones%202.htm
What was the early atmosphere like?
• The second atmosphereComponents: H2O, CO2, SO2, CO, S2, N2, H2, NH3,,CH4, O2*
Sources: Volcanism, photolysis, meteoritesSinks: chemical reactions(CO2,O2), state changes(H2O)
Magnetosphere develops*
April 19, 2023 9Bremen University
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 10
http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/en/educators/gallery/spaceweather/solar_wind_comp_L.jpg
How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 11Bremen University
How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 12Bremen University
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 13
http://www.ggl.ulaval.ca/personnel/bourque/s4/stromatolites.html
How did our present atmosphere come about?
April 19, 2023 14Bremen University
How did our present atmosphere come about?
• Growth of oxygen
Lecture material, Atmospheric Physics, 2003, PEP
April 19, 2023 15Bremen University
Summary
• Earth retained an atmosphere because it had optimal gravity and temperature to sustain one.
• Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and biosphere together have contributed to out present atmosphere
• Interactions between them must be considered to fully understand the state of our atmosphere at any time.
April 19, 2023 Bremen University 16