Origin of Humans
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Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NYNY
Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,
NYNY
Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist
Theories on prehistory and Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change early man constantly change as new evidence comes to as new evidence comes to light. light. - Louis Leakey, British - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologist
1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE -- 250,000 BCE
3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
4. 30,000 BCE -- 10,000 BCE
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
Paleolithic AgePaleolithic Age::( Old Stone Age )( Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
““PaleolithicPaleolithic”” --> --> ““Old StoneOld Stone”” AgeAge
““PaleolithicPaleolithic”” --> --> ““Old StoneOld Stone”” AgeAge 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering () & gathering (womenwomen) ) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans hunting (hunting (menmen) & gathering () & gathering (womenwomen) ) small bands of 20-30 humans small bands of 20-30 humans
NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place) NOMADICNOMADIC (moving from place to place) (moving from place to place)
Made Made toolstools
Made Made toolstools
4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
Hominids Hominids --> any member--> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.
Hominids Hominids --> any member--> any member of the family of two-legged of the family of two-legged primates that includes all primates that includes all humans. humans.
AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines AustralopithecinesAustralopithecines
An An Apposable Apposable Thumb Thumb
An An Apposable Apposable Thumb Thumb
HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( ( ““Man of SkillsMan of Skills”” ) )
HOMO HABILISHOMO HABILIS ( ( ““Man of SkillsMan of Skills”” ) )
found in East found in East Africa.Africa.
found in East found in East Africa.Africa. created stone created stone tools.tools.
created stone created stone tools.tools.
Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves.
Humans during this period found shelter in Humans during this period found shelter in caves.caves. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind. Cave paintings left behind.
Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??Purpose??
1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( ( ““Upright Human BeingUpright Human Being”” ) )
HOMO ERECTUS HOMO ERECTUS ( ( ““Upright Human BeingUpright Human Being”” ) )
Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology
Larger and more varied Larger and more varied tools --> primitive technology tools --> primitive technology
First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.
First hominid to migrate andFirst hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and leave Africa for Europe and Asia. Asia.
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE ))
BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM
Are we all Africans Are we all Africans ““under the under the skinskin””????????
Are we all Africans Are we all Africans ““under the under the skinskin””????????
200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( ( ““Wise Human BeingWise Human Being”” ) )
HOMO SAPIENSHOMO SAPIENS ( ( ““Wise Human BeingWise Human Being”” ) )
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000
BCE )BCE )
NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS:
Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)
Neander Valley, Neander Valley, Germany (1856) Germany (1856)
First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.
First humans to buryFirst humans to bury their dead. their dead.
Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.
Made clothes fromMade clothes from animal skins. animal skins.
Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.
Lived in caves andLived in caves and tents. tents.
NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent
CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs: Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( ( ““Wise, wise humanWise, wise human”” ) )
Homo sapiens sapiensHomo sapiens sapiens ( ( ““Wise, wise humanWise, wise human”” ) )
By 30,000 BCE theyBy 30,000 BCE they replaced replaced Neanderthals.Neanderthals.
WHY???WHY??? WHY???WHY???
70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
““NeolithicNeolithic”” ““New StoneNew Stone”” AgeAge
““NeolithicNeolithic”” ““New StoneNew Stone”” AgeAge 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE 10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE
Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from: Gradual shift from:Gradual shift from:
Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Nomadic lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery settled, stationery lifestyle.lifestyle.Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.
Hunting/Gathering Hunting/Gathering agricultural agricultural production andproduction and domestication of animals. domestication of animals.
8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE 8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE
Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world. Agriculture developed independently inAgriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. different parts of the world.
SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming SLASH-AND-BURN FarmingSLASH-AND-BURN Farming
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
Middle East India Central America China Southeast Middle East India Central America China Southeast AsiaAsia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
DevelopmenDevelopment t
of of AgricultureAgriculture
DevelopmenDevelopment t
of of AgricultureAgriculture
?
?
?
?
Why do you think the development of
agriculture occurred around the same time
in several different places?
Why do you think the development of
agriculture occurred around the same time
in several different places?
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations.
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the the support of larger populations. support of larger populations. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged. More permanent, settled communities emerged.More permanent, settled communities emerged.
9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat
9,000 BCE 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMOJARMO ( northern Iraq ) ( northern Iraq ) wheatwheat
8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Çatal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants
8,000 BCE 8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Çatal HHüüyükyük ( Modern Turkey ) ( Modern Turkey ) 6,000 inhabitants 6,000 inhabitants
Division of laborDivision of labor Division of laborDivision of labor
Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade Engaged in tradeEngaged in trade
Organized religion Organized religion
Small militarySmall military Small militarySmall military
12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops
12 cultivated 12 cultivated cropscrops
An obsidian daggerAn obsidian dagger
Çatal Çatal HüyükHüyükÇatal Çatal HüyükHüyük
AdvancedAdvanced
CitiesCities
SpecializedSpecialized
WorkersWorkers
ComplexComplex
InstitutionsInstitutions
Record-Record-
KeepingKeeping
AdvancedAdvanced
TechnologyTechnology