Origin and Impacts of the September 29, 2009 “Samoa...
Transcript of Origin and Impacts of the September 29, 2009 “Samoa...
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Origin and Impacts of the September 29, 2009 “Samoa Tsunami”
Dawn WrightOSU Geosciences
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Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Map courtesy of National Park of American Samoa
Samoan Islands
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Tectonic SettingConvergence Rate Near Epicenter = 86 mm/yr (3.4 in)
http://earthquake.usgs.gov
8 km depth30 km aftershock
Lay et al., 2009, AGU
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September 29, 20096:48 a.m. local time, M8.1
9 deaths in Tonga, 149 in Samoa, 39 in American SamoaDeadliest in history, $150 million damage
Sandwell & Smith Estimated Bathymetry, v. 12.1, ve = 6
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Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary SystemFrom gCaptain’s Tsunami Infographics, Best of the Web, http://gcaptain.com/maritime/blog/tsunami-info-graphics/
Tsunami Generation
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June 18, 2009
Satellite ImageryPre-tsunami Post-tsunami
Sept 29, 2009
Can be useful in assessing tsunami inundation
Guy Gelfenbaum et al., USGS
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June 18, 2009
Satellite ImageryPre-tsunami Post-tsunami
Sept 29, 2009
Guy Gelfenbaum et al., USGS
But can be inaccurate if tree canopy remains after tsunami
measured inundation limit
Sept 29, 2009
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Tsunami Propagation
NOAA PMEL
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Photos by Gordon Yamasaki, NOAA
Damage at Pago Pago HarborFirst major wave….
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Photos by Gordon Yamasaki, NOAA
Damage at Pago Pago HarborFirst major wave….
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Photos by Gordon Yamasaki, NOAA
Damage at Pago Pago HarborThat second wave!
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Estimated Run-Up Elevations, Inundation DistancesNorth and West Coasts
Inundation Distance = distance tsunami travels inland
Guy Gelfenbaum et al., USGS
AsiliR=11I=185m
Maloata BayR=5.5mI=180m
PoloaR=11mI=70m
Massacre BayR=8.0mI=165m
Fagafue BayR=7.8mI=250m
TulaR=5.5mI=235
Tafeu CoveR=10.5m
I=30m
Sliding RockR=9I=75m
Polouta BeachR=9.5m
I=35m
Agapie CoveR=6mI=25m
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Tula
Low-lying coastal plainR = 5-7 mI = 230 m
Guy Gelfenbaum et al., USGS
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Poloa
Steep coastR = 11-12 mI = 70 m
Entire village destroyed; no fatalities
Guy Gelfenbaum et al., USGS
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Earthquake Emergency Research Institute
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Damage
Earthquake Emergency Research Institute
Earthquake Emergency Research Institute