ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF HR FUNCTION IN INDIA

ORIGIN OF HR

Its origin is dated back to 1800 BC., when wage and incentive plans were included in the Babylonian code of Hammurabi.

The world’s first management book, titled “Artasastra” written by Kautilya, in 400 BC, codified many aspects of human resource practices in ancient India.

GROWTH OF HUMAN RESOURCE

• HRM in India could be traced back to the period after 1920, when emphasizes was on worker welfare.

• In 1931, the royal commission on labor suggested the appointment of labor officer to protect workers interests .

• Appointment of labor officer

• The second world war• Enactment of Industrial dispute Act• Enactment of Factories Act• 1960 and after…..

FIRST PHASE• Immediately after independence the focus was

on four reasons : Maintain disciplinePrevent their formation of and break-up the

leadership of trade unionism.Prevent their formation of and break-up the

leadership of trade unionismHandle recruitment and terminationKeep some form of attendance and personnel

records.

SECOND PHASEIN 1960S, Indian industrialization got a fillip with

the rise of the public sector. Hence 3 more functions were added i.e.,

• Labor welfare• Participative management• Industrial Harmony

In this period, the human relations movement of the west also had its impact on Indian organization.

THIRD PHASE

In 1970, the people management functions was neatly divided into two :

• Personnel officer• Establishment officers

Fourth Phase

• In 1976, birth of worker training institute and attitudinal development.

Fifth Phase

• In 1985, organization shifted towards making HR Department separately.

• HRD and personnel function were clubbed together.

Sixth phase

• In early 1990s :• HRM was seen as strategy• Motivation and stress were considered to

bring change in HRM• Focus on organization objectives

Seventh Phase

• In the mid of 1990s, sub specialization like :• Industrial Relations• Training & Development• Information system

Eight phase

• HRM is not selective management any more• It became the part of Corporate Strategy

formulation and strategy implementation team

Later Arrival of HRM in India

• Late arrival of factory system• Low status of industrial worker• Professionalization of Human resource

Management• Social responsibilities of Business • Change of government attitude

Factors Impending the growth of HRM in India

• Abundance of cheap labor• Weak labor movement• Highly Authoritarian culture• Technological Backwardness• Instability in Employment• Unhealthy growth of Trade unions• Migratory characteristic of Indian labor

Evolving Role of HRM in India

• Origin Of Human Resource Management in India

• The police Man• The Welfare Man• The law Man• The Liaison Man• The HR Man