ORIENTATION: VIEWING HEART IN AXIAL CT AND MRI · 20 MINUTE ANATOMY VIDEOS No sinner is ever saved...
Transcript of ORIENTATION: VIEWING HEART IN AXIAL CT AND MRI · 20 MINUTE ANATOMY VIDEOS No sinner is ever saved...
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ORIENTATION: VIEWING HEARTIN AXIAL CT AND MRI
Orientation of heartin axial CTand MRI
20 MINUTE ANATOMY VIDEOS
No sinner is ever saved after the first twenty minutes of a sermon - Mark Twain
RV
RALV
LA
4 CHAMBERED HEART
5 CHAMBERED HEART?
INVERTED Y SHAPE?
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ORIENTATION: THORACIC CONTENTS ANTERIOR VIEW
R L
EsophagusTrachea
Subclavian V.
Left Int. Jugular V.
AORTA
PulmonaryTrunk
Structuresat Rootof Lung
diaphragm
R. Brachiocephalic V.
Sup. Vena Cava
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POSTERIOR VIEWINCLUDINGTRACHEA,ESOPHAGUS
3) PulmonaryVeins
1) Arch of Aorta
2) PulmonaryArteries
2a) Trachea(bifurcation)
Esophagus,Thoracic duct
IVCdiaphragm
L R
Ordersimilarto root ofLung
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HEART IS ON LEFT: REASON: ROTATED SO LEFT ATRIUM IS IN MIDLINE
Left Atrium - receives Pulmonary Veins symmetrically from both sides
LeftPulmonaryVeins
Right PulmonaryVeinsRV
LA
Right Ventricle -anterior
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POSTERIOR VIEW: KNOW SEQUENCE
PulmonaryVeins 3) Pulmonary
Veins
1) Arch of Aorta
2) PulmonaryArteries
SVC
IVC
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ANTERIOR VIEWAT TOP (SUPERIORLY) - VEIN IN FRONT OF ARTERIES
Arch of Aorta
Left Brachiocephalic Vein
SVC
Right Brachiocephalic Vein
Left Common Carotid ALeft Subclavian A
Brachiocephalic Trunk
ANTERIORVIEW
Reason: Allvenous blooddrains to RightAtrium
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RV
Arch of AortaAscending
Aorta PulmonaryTrunk - fromConusArteriosus
ANTERIOR VIEWPULMONARY TRUNK - arises from Right Ventricle;
crosses anterior to Ascending Aorta; then branches
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Conus Arteriosus
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PULMONARYTRUNKON LEFTIN AXIALSECTIONS
RV
RA
LV
LA
CONUS ARTERIOSUSEXTENDS TOWARDLEFT; THENPULMONARY TRUNKBIFURCATES
YConus Arteriosus
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AORTAARISES INMIDDLE OF HEART
AXIALSECTIONSLOOKLIKE5CHAMBEREDHEARTRV
RA
LV
LA
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POSTERIOR VIEW: KNOW SEQUENCE
PulmonaryVeins 3) Pulmonary
Veins
1) Arch of Aorta
2) PulmonaryArteries
SVC
IVCL R
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ORIENTATION: VIEWING HEARTIN AXIAL CT AND MRI
Orientation of heartin axial CTand MRI
RV
RALV
LA
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RV
RA LA
LV
* - AORTA INCENTER OF HEART
CT, MRIVIEW HEARTFROM BELOW
R LIMAGE FLIPPEDVERTICALLY
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Diaphragm Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Azygous vein Thoracic (descending) aorta
Muscles of ventricles
R L
START ATDIAPHRAGM
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Inferior vena cava
Interventricular septum
Azygous vein
Esophagus
Thoracic (descending) aorta
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
2 CHAMBERED HEART - ventricles onlyR L
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Thoracic (descending) aortaEsophagus
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
4 CHAMBERED HEART!
Left atrium
Right atrium
R L
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Left ventricle
Left pulmonary veinThoracic (descending) aorta
Azygous vein
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Right pulmonary vein Left atrioventricular
orifice
Right atrioventricular orifice
Interventricular septum
4 CHAMBERED HEART!R L
LALeft atrium
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Left pulmonary veinRight pulmonary vein Azygous veinEsophagus
Thoracic (descending) aorta5 CHAMBERED HEART?
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle* - AORTA - arisingfrom Vestibule
R L
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Left main bronchus
Superior vena cava Ascending aorta
Azygous vein
RIGHT VENTRICLE EXTENDS TO LEFT
Right ventricle
RV
R L
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Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary
artery
Carina at tracheal bifurcation Thoracic (descending) aorta
Ascending aorta
Superior vena cava
PULMONARY TRUNK BRANCHES
YY
Right ventricle to Pulmonary Trunk
R L
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Arch of aortaSuperior vena cava
Trachea EsophagusR L
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Superior vena cava
Spinal cord
Left subclavian artery
Scapula
Trachea
Esophagus
R L
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Left brachiocephalic vein
TracheaEsophagus
Left common carotid
Right lung
Right brachiocephalic vein
Left subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN CROSSES ANTERIORLY
R L
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Summary - Orientation of heart in CT and MRI is complex; rarely appears to have 4 chambers.
1. Position and Orientation of heart - Heart is rotated and tilted so Right Ventricle is anterior and inferior; this makes functional sense; as a result, Left Atrium is located in midline and receives blood symmetrically from Pulmonary Veins (low pressure).
2. Sequence of Structures Inferior to Superior - Pulmonary Veins, Pulmonary artery, Arch of Aorta.
3. Pulmonary artery - arises from Conus arteriosus (Infundibulum) of Right Ventricle; ascends toward left and crosses anterior to Aorta; Pulmonary artery then bifurcates (appears Y shaped in axial CT and MRI).
4. Aorta - arises from Left Ventricle and first courses in middle of heart (Heart appears to have 5 chambers in axial CT and MRI at this level).
5. Order of Structures in Superior Mediastinum - Veins (R and L Brachiocephalic) are anterior to Arteries (Brachiocephalic, L Common Carotid, L Subclavian) arising from Arch of Aorta.
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REMEMBER:
ANATOMICAL DETAILS ARE COMPLEX AND DIFFICULT TO LEARN
BUT
PATIENTS CAN DIE FROM 'MINOR DETAILS' OF ANATOMY.