THE PERIODIC TABLE Chapter 6. ORGANIZING THE ELEMENTS Section 1.
Organizing the periodic table
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Transcript of Organizing the periodic table
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ORGANIZING THE PERIODIC TABLECh. 5.1
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True False Statement True False
Mendeleev made the periodic table from a deck of cards
Periodic elements mass increase by columns
Properties of elements are the same by rows
Lavoisier arranged the periodic table by metals, nonmetals, gases
and earthsMendeleev’s periodic predictions
were true
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Search for Order 1750
Only 17 elements 1789
Lavoisier grouped into Metals, nonmetals,
gases and earths
No good method yet found
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Mendeleev's Periodic Table 1860’s
63 elements Deck of cards
arrangement for students
Periodic Table- arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row
Arranged elements into rows of increasing mass
Elements with similar properties were in the same column
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Mendeleev
Used properties of elements near blanks to predict properties of undiscovered elements
Close match between his predictions and actual new elements showed how correct his table was
Predictions Evidence
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THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLECh. 5.2
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True False Statement True False
Periods are rows, arranged by increasing energy levels
Groups are columns, and have similar electron configurations
Metalloids have properties unlike metals and nonmetals
Elements are more metallic left to right
Transition metals are a combination of metals found in nature
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The Periodic Law Elements are arranged by INCREASING
atomic #(# of ______)
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Periodic Law
Rows # of elements per
period varies due to orbitals
Columns Same group=
similar properties Electron
Configuration
Periods Groups
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Classes of Elements State at room temperature
Solid, liquid or gas Occurring Naturally or not
1-92 natural 93+ not natural
General properties Metal, nonmetal, metalloid
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Metals Good conductors
of electricity Solid, except Hg Malleable Ductile- made
into thin wire
Transition metals Form compounds
with distinctive colors
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Nonmetals Poor conductors
of electricity Gas at room temp
If not, very brittle F most reactive Group 18 least
reactive
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Metalloids Mixture of
properties Metals, and
nonmetals Varies with
temperature
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Variation Across Periods
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REPRESENTATIVE GROUPSCh. 5.3
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True False Statement True False
Elements in groups have a different # of valance electrons
Alkali Metals are group 1, and include hydrogen
The nitrogen group is often used for fertilizer
Halogens have 6 valance electrons
The reactivity of metals increases from top to bottom
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Valance Electrons Lewis Dot
Structure Electron located
in the highest energy level
Increase left to right
Elements in groups have similar properties due to same # of valance electrons
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Groups/Families: 8 Total- going down columns
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Alkali Metals Group 1A 1 Valance Electron VERY Reactive
Reactivity increases from top to bottom Found in nature
Only as compounds
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Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2A 2 Valance Electrons Reactivity
How they react with water
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Boron Family Group 3A 3 Valance Electrons Al- most abundant metal on Earth
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Carbon Family Group 4A 4 Valance Electrons Contains
nonmetal- C 2 metaloids – Si, Ge 2 metals – Sn, Pb
Except for H2O, most compounds in the body contain C
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Nitrogen Family Group 5A 5 Valance Electrons Contains
2 nonmetals – N, P 2 metaloids – As, Sb 1 metal – Bi
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Oxygen Family Group 6A 6 Valance Electrons Contains
3 nonmetals – O, S, Se 2 metaloids – Te, Po
O is most abundant element in Earths crust
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Halogens Group 7A 7 Valance Electrons Physical properties- different Chemical Properties- similar
Highly reactive nonmetals Fl is most reactive React easily with metals
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Noble Gases Group 8A 8 Valance Electrons, except He(2) Odorless, extremely un-reactive
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Transition Metals able to put more than eight electrons in
the shell that is one in from the outermost shell Sc has a configuration of 2-8-9-2
able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell Au has an organization of 2-8-18-32-18-1
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Transition Metals
Rare Earth or inner transition
Found naturally in Earth
Reactive, ionic
Radioactive Metals tarnish
when met with air
Lanthanide Actinide
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Websites http://www.funbrain.com/periodic/index.
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