Organizing the body of speech

Powerpoint Templates


WEEK 5:

ORGANIZING THE BODY OF THE SPEECH

http://www.powerpointstyles.com/



GAME: BACK TO THE BOARD



1. informative



2. persuasive



3. organization



4. Main points



5. Supporting materials



6. order



7. Specific purpose



8. problem



9. cause



10. direction



11. topics



12. tranitions



DISCUSSION

1.What is speech organization?

2.Why is speech organization important?

3.What patterns/orders of speech organization do you know?



Watch a video. Remember to take notes on:- Definition of speech organization- Reasons why speech organization is

important- Methods of speech organization (Speech

organizational patterns)



SPEECH ORGANIZATION

• Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.

• Effectively taking the information one wishes to present and arranging it in a logical order



Main idea

• The central purpose of your speech



Main points

• The major points developed in the body of a speech

• Smaller chunks of information to break down the main idea

How many main points should a speech contain?- Maximum: 5 main points- But most speeches: two to three main

points



Tips for Preparing Main Points

• Keep main points separate• Try to use the same pattern

of wording for main points• Balance the amount of time devoted to

main points



WHY IS SPEECH ORGANIZATION IMPORTANT?

• The speaker’s credibility: A well-organized speech increased the audience’s belief on the speaker’s (and the speech itself) competence and trustworthiness

• Audience understanding: enjoyable, easier to understand and remember the speech well

• The speaker: boost confidence, and improve the ability to deliver a message fluently



SPEECH

ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS



Chronological Order

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.



Chronological OrderSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience how the

Great Wall of China was built.

Main Points: I. Building of the Great Wall began during the Qin dynasty of 221-206 B.C.

II. New sections of the Great Wall were added during the Han dynasty of 206 B.C.-220 A.D.

III. The Great Wall was completed during the Ming Dynasty of 1368-1644.



Spatial Order

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.



Spatial OrderSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience about the

structure of a hurricane.

Main Points: I. At the center of a hurricane is the calm, cloud-free eye.

II. Surrounding the eye is the eyewall, a dense ring of clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall.

III. Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds and

precipitation called spiral rain bands.



Causal OrderA method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.



Causal Order

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the possible causes for the collapse of Mayan civilization.

Main Points: I. Mayan civilization flourished for over a thousand years until 900 A.D., when it mysteriously

began to disintegrate. (EFFECT)

II. Scholars have advanced three major explanations for the

causes of this disintegration. (CAUSE)



Problem-Solution Order

A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence and seriousness of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.



Problem-Solution OrderSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience that

legislation is needed to control the abuses of fraudulent charity fund-raisers.

Main Points: I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread national problem.

II. The problem can be solved by a

combination of government initiative and individual

awareness.



Topical OrderA method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.



Topical OrderSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience about

the achievements of Ida Wells-Barnett.

Main Points: I. As a teacher, Wells-Barnett spoke out against inferior school facilities for African-American

children.

II. As a journalist, Wells-Barnett campaigned against lynching.

III. As a civic organizer, Wells- Barnett helped found the NAACP.



Connective

A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.



Types of Connectives• Transition• Internal preview• Internal summary• Signpost



Transition

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.



Transitions• Now that we have seen how

drinking too much is a serious problem for students and their communities, let us look at some causes.

• So much for the present; what about the future?



Internal Preview

A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.



Internal Preview“In discussing how Asian Americans have been stereotyped in the mass media, we’ll look first at the origins of the problem and second at its continuing impact today.”



Transition Combined with an Internal Preview

(Transition): Now that we have seen how serious the problem of faulty credit reports is, let’s look at some solutions.

(Internal Preview): I will focus on three solutions—instituting tighter government regulation of credit bureaus, holding credit bureaus financially responsible for their errors, and giving individuals easier access to their credit reports.



Internal Summary

A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points.



Internal Summary

“In short, palm reading is an ancient art. Developed in China more than 5,000 years ago, it was practiced in classical Greece and Rome, flourished during the Middle Ages, survived the Industrial Revolution, and remains popular today.”



SignpostA very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.



Signposts

The first cause of this problem is inefficient

agricultural production.

The second cause is recurrent drought in

the affected countries.

The final cause is mismanagement of

available food resources by local leaders.



Discussion

1. What organization patterns should we use for informative speech?

2. What organization patterns should we use for persuasive speech?

Make a list



ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR INFORMATIVE SPEECH

• Chronological order• Spatial order• Causal order• Problem-solution order• Topical order



Objects

• History or evolution of the object: chronological order

• Main features of your object: spatial order

• Subtopics: topical order



Processes

• Chronological order



Events

• History of an event: Chronological order

• A combination of angles: features, origins, implications, benefits, future developments, etc.: topical order



Concepts

• Main features/aspects of a concept: Topical order



ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR PERSUASIVE SPEECH

Watch a video and take notes



Question of facts

Usually: Topical order



Persuasive Speech on a Question of Fact

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that an earthquake of 9.0 or above on the Richter scale will hit California in the next ten years.

Main Points: I. California is long overdue for a major earthquake.

II. Many geological signs indicate that a major earthquake may happen

soon.

III. Experts agree that a major earthquake could hit California any day.



Questions of value

• Almost always: topical order- Establishing the standards for your value

judgement- Analysing the standards to the subject of

your speech



Persuasive Speech on aQuestion of Value

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience thatcapital punishment is morally and legally wrong.

Main Points: I. Capital punishment violates the biblical commandment “Thou shalt not kill.”

II. Capital punishment violates the constitutional ban on “cruel and unusual punishment.”



Questions of policy

• Problem-solution order• Problem-cause – solution order• Comparative advantages order• Monroe’s motivated sequence



Problem-Solution Order

Main point I: Documents the existence

of a problem.

Main point II: Presents a solution to the

problem.



Problem-Solution OrderSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience that

the use of antibacterial chemicals in household products is creating health and

environmental problems.

Main Points: I. The use of antibacterial chemicals in household products is a serious problem.

II. Solving these problems requires a combination of government and consumer action.



Problem-Cause-Solution Order

Main point I: Documents the existence

of a problem.

Main point II: Analyzes the causes of the

problem.

Main point III: Presents a solution to the

problem.



Problem-Cause-Solution Order

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience thatthe age for full motor-vehicle driving privileges should be raised to 18.

Main Points: I. The number of accidents and death involving teenage drivers is a serious national problem.

II. There are four main causes of the problem.

III. We can help solve these problems by raising the age for full driving privileges.



Comparative Advantages Order

Each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other potential solutions.



Comparative Advantages Order

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience thatthe U.S. space program shouldput greater priority on unstaffedscientific missions.

Main Points: I. Unstaffed scientific missions are less costly than staffed space flights.

II. Unstaffed scientific missions provide more practical benefits than staffed space flights.



Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

A five-step sequence designed especially for organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.




Provide a solution to the need

Satisfaction:

Show the need for changeNeed:

Gain the attention of the audience

Attention:




Urge the audience to take action in support of the solution

Action:

Intensify desire for the solution by visualizing its benefits

Visualization:



HOMEWORK

• Before Thursday 23/10/2014: finalizing your speech topics (based on your teacher’s comments)

• After Thursday 23/10/2014: do research and choose an organizational pattern for your speech. Post the outline of your speech BODIES to the course online. Deadline: 24:00 Sunday 26/10/2014


Organizing the body of speech

Documents

Transcript of Organizing the body of speech