Organizational Innovation & Problem Solving

8/12/2019 Organizational Innovation & Problem Solving

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Organizational

Innovation &Problem Solving

Presented by:


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The Creative Process

Process/processes that lead to products, ideas, procedures anddiscussions that are original and useful

-Creativity is the thinking associated with Ideas, Imagination,

Inspiration, Intuition and Ingenuity.


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Creative Problem Solving

STEP 1. State what appears to be the problem.

The real problem may not surface until facts have beengathered and analyzed. Therefore, start with what oneassumes to be the problem, that can later be confirmed

or corrected.


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STEP 2. Gather facts,

feelings and opinions.

What happened?

Where, when and how did it occur?

What is its size, scope, and severity? Who and what is affected?

Likely to happen again?

Need to be corrected?

May need to assign priorities to critical elements


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STEP 3. Restate the problem.

The real facts help make this possible, and prosupporting data.

The actual problem may, or may not be the same as stateStep 1.

Four tools to use in defining the problem are:-

1.Determining where the problem originated

2.Defining the present state and the desired state

3.Stating and restating the problem

4.Analyzing the problem


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Creative Problem SolvingSTEP 4. Identify alternative solutions.

Generate ideas.

Do not eliminate any possible solutions until several havbeen discussed.

Once done, start selecting the ideas

Possible techniques:-- Brainstorming

- Brain writing

- Mind mapping

- Analogies

SubstituteCombine

AdaptModify/ Magnify

Put to other usesEliminate

Reverse or Rearrange

Divergence

Convergence


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STEP 5. Evaluate alternatives.

Which will provide the optimum solution?

What are the risks?

Are costs in keeping with the benefits? Will the solution create new problems?


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STEP 6. Implement the decision!

Who must be involved?

To what extent?

How, when and where?

Who will the decision impact?

What might go wrong?

How will the results be reported and verified?


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STEP 7. Evaluate the results.

Test the solution against the desired results.

Make revisions if necessary.


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The Creative Personality

They daydream

Creative types know, despite whattheir third-grade teachers may havesaid, that daydreaming is anything buta waste of time.

They observe everythin

The world is a creative perso-- they see possibilities everyand are constantly taking ininformation that becomes focreative expression.


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The Creative Personality cont.

They work the hours thatwork for them

Many great artists have said that theydo their best work either very early inthe morning or late at night

They take time for solit

In order to be open to creatimust have the capacity forconstructive use of solitude.must overcome the fear of balone


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They turn life's obstacles around

Many of the most iconic stories and songsof all time have been inspired by gut-wrenching pain and heartbreak -- and thesilver lining of these challenges is that theymay have been the catalyst to create greatart

They seek out new experie

Openness to experience is consisstrongest predictor of creativeachievement," says Kaufman.


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They "fail up "Creatives fail and the really good

ones fail often," Forbes contributorSteven Kotler wrote in a piece onEinstein's creative genius.

They ask the big quest Creative people are insatia

-- they generally opt to liveexamined life, and even as older, maintain a sense of cabout life


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They people-watch Observant by nature and curious

about the lives of others, creativetypes often love to people-watch --and they may generate some of theirbest ideas from it.

They take risks "There is a deep and mean

connection between risk tacreativity and it's one that'overlooked," contributor StKotler wrote in Forbes


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They view all of life as anopportunity for self-expression

"Creativity is nothing more than anindividual expression of your needs,desires and uniqueness."

They follow their true p Creative people tend to be

motivated -- meaning that motivated to act from somdesire, rather than a desireexternal reward or recognit


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They get out of their own heads Another purpose of daydreaming is to help

us to get out of our own limitedperspective and explore other ways ofthinking, which can be an important assetto creative work.

They lose track of the tim Creative types may find that w

writing, dancing, painting or exthemselves in another way, thezone," or what's known as a flowhich can help them to create highest level.


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They surround themselves withbeauty

A study showed that musicians -- includingorchestra musicians, music teachers, and soloists-- exhibit a high sensitivity and responsiveness toartistic beauty

They connect the dots

"Creativity is just connecting thingsask creative people how they did sthey feel a little guilty because theydo it, they just saw something. It seto them after a while. That's becauable to connect experiences they'vsynthesize new things."


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They constantly shake thingsup

"Creative people have morediversity of experiences, and habit isthe killer of diversity of experience"

They make time formindfulness

Creative types understandof a clear and focused minbecause their work depen


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Thinking is the highest mental activity present in man

All human achievements and progress are simply the products ofthought

Thought and action are inseparable - they are actually the two sides of the sam

coin

All our deliberate action starts from our deliberate thinking. For a man to do

something, he should first see it in his mind's eye -- he should imagine it, think

about it first, before he can do it

The purpose of thinking, paradoxically, is to arrive at a state where thinking is

more necessary at all. In other words, thinking starts with a problem and ends

solution.

Edward de Bono is the worlds leading authority in the field of creative and

conceptual thinking & is the Originator of the term Lateral Thinking

He is the Author of over 60 books in 47 languages

THINKING


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LATERAL THINKING

Lateral thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative approac

using reasoning that is not immediately obvious

There are two types of thinking -- Vertical thinking and Lateral thinking

VERTICAL THINKING

high probability thinking

Area of focus

Truth

Logic

What is

LATERAL THINKING

low probability thinking

Area of focus

Possibilities, alternatives,what

might be

Thinking that finds solutions in ways that do not seem

obvious


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Rethink! Look at problems in many different ways

Visualize! Utilize diagrams and imagery to analyze your dilemma

Produce! Genius is productive

Combine! Make novel combinations

Form! Form relationships

Opposite! Think in opposites

Metaphor/simile! Think metaphorically

Failure! Learning from your mistakes is one example of using failure

Patience! Don't confuse inspiration with ideas.

NINE APPROACHES TO CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING


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Once there was loving couple traveling in a bus in a

mountainous area. They decided to get down at some place. After the

couple got down at some place the bus moved on. As the bus moved on,

a huge rock fell on the bus from the mountain and crushed the bus to

crumbs. Everybody on board was killed. The couple upon seeing that,

said, "*We wish we were on that bus*" Why do u think they said that ?

How will you think for this problem?

How Will You Think For This Problem?


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If they had remained on the bus instead of deciding to

get down, the resulting time delay could have been avoided and

the rock would have fallen after the bus had passed..!!!

The vertical thinkers must have answered - the couples

came there for suicide. They stick to one solution even it is

negative. Is it not lateral thinking???

Is it not lateral thinking???


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Emergent

Innovative

Inventive Productive

Expressive

Creativity Levels

Emergent creativity:

Emergent creativity involves bringing forth a principle or idea that is

entirely new to humankind, and that has far-reaching effects on how we

perceive reality

Innovative creativity:

Here creative individuals builds on their knowledge of whatever field

they are in, climbing on the shoulders of their predecessors, so to speak,

to reach even higher levels of new understanding and ideas


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Inventive creativity and productive creativity :

Inventive creativity finds new uses for existing concepts and parts, while

productive creativity is the description given when someone develops

objects or ideas that are new to him or her, but not necessarily to other

people

Expressive creativity:

Expressive creativity expresses feelings and ideas but does not need any

particular skill or originality. This is well illustrated by the pictures that

parents often place on their refrigerators or family notice-boards after

young children have excitedly brought their latest art effort home from

school


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The six thinking hats - Process and rationale by Edward De Bor

Rationale

Cooperative explorationreplaces adversarial

thinking

Ego factors are removed

Negativity is not allowed

Process

Meeting of several people

Deliberate putting on of

different hats i.e. different

attitudes

Everyone wears each hat

simultaneously

Hats are changed during

meeting

Deliberate Lateral Thinking Tools


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Six Thinking Hats

White hat Red hat Black hat

Association White paper:neutral

carrier of

information

Fire, warmth Strict judge, intol

of wrong doers

Area of focus Data and

information

Feelings,

intuition

Critical judgemen

Questions/discussion

topic

This is what I feelMy gut feel is that

I dont like the way

My intuition tells me

The regulations dallow

He doesnt have t

experience

Those prices won

profitable

We wont fill cap

What info do wehave?

What info is

missing?

Where will we get

it?

How will we get

it?

Source: Edward de Bor


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Six Thinking Hats Continued...

Yellow hat Green hat Blue hat

Association Sunshine

Optimism

Logical, positive

view

Vegetation,

Rich growth

Sky

Overview

Area of focus Benefits (logically

based)

Feasibility

Creative thinking

New ideas

Additional alternatives

Agenda

Next steps

Process control

Questions/

discussion

topic

Are there alternatives?

Could there be another

reason?

What is a creative

solution

Lets summarize v

Lets look at prior

The points to disc

are...

This would work if

we did X

The benefit would

come from Y

High labour costs

mean a lower

workforce

Source: Edward de Bor


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Sequence is not fixed, but often it is:

1. White info

2. Green ideas

3. Yellow benefits of ideas

4. Black evaluation

5. Red feelings

6. Blue - conclusions

Six Thinking Hats - Evaluation

+

+

-

Takes people away from normal

attitudes

Easy to use

Participants often feel very awkward

and ill at ease initially

D l i E l C ti it


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Developing Employee Creativity

Creativity is the ability to generate novel and useful ideas and solutions to eveand challenges, Creativity is very important to organizations that want to solv

Creative thinking can be divided into two types of reasoning:-

The intellectual ability to think of m

original, diverse, and elaborate ide

Divergent thinking is essential to thof creative products

Divergentthinking

The intellectual ability to logically evacritique and choose the best idea froselection of ideas

whereas convergent thinking is fundto the appropriateness

Convergentthinking

6 Ways To Unleash Creativity In The Wor


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6 Ways To Unleash Creativity In The Wor

The demand for creativity from employees is rising in this age of technological advancement

This is evident when we see multinational companies like Googlesomething known as a the 20 percent program or policy

Google developers spend 20 percent of their workinghours (a day at work) on side projects

To give employees the time and space to think

innovatively Indeed, the policy works well, with some of

the best products of Google (e.g. Google News)originating from the program

Some of you may think that creativity is an inborn trait

rather than something that can be learned and

developed This may be so, but without

a conducive environment for creativity to be

expressed, how can we expect to see ideas arising

from creative employees?

Continued


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Continued

1.Reward Creativity To think out-of-the-box ideas

suggestions have to be takenseriously Otherwise, everyonewill think its a waste of time

To kick-start things up, you can setgoals for your employees to think upof some ways of making workprocesses more efficient

This will be followed with a rewardfor the employee & equallyimportant, implementation

Reward can be tangible like -monetary incentives, orintangiblelike- recognition from theorganization by announcing thewinner to the rest.

2.Innovation Teams Each innovation team will

be tasked to come up withideas on how to improve thework process of a particularaspect

This will signal to everyonethat the organization valueswork-related creativity

Creativity is supposed to bespontaneous

3. Anonymit Employees m

motivated to outlets to voideas

The outspokespeak to the some suggesothers may bdo so in this m

Providing a sanything simemployees thconfidential

Brainstormi

Continued


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Continued

4.Support Creativity Employees may be unwilling to

take risks because they do notknow whether the organizationsupports creativity

This has a lot to do with howreceptive you are to theirideas, and how you make

known your intention to be amore creative company

Afraid of the repercussions ofmaking mistakes

5. Diversity Among Employees How can different ideas

exchange if everyone thinks in asimilar manner? Employees withcomparable backgrounds,qualifications, experience, etc.creates a homogeneousworking environment

Hire staffs from differentknowledge andbackground and get them tomingle around in projects andeven company events

6. Positive WEnvironmen

Too serious acreativity, Havwork allows onwhere one tenwonderful idea

stressful or evenvironment d

to think of doin

Psychological that positive m

We become msense and are alternatives

Organizational Innovation & Problem Solving

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