Table of Contents Introduction: .......................................................................................................... 2

Task: one ............................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Understanding the relationship between organizational culture and

structures. ........................................................................................................... 2

1.2: Explain how the relationship between City College and Enterprise Car

Rental structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business? ..... 4

1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior in City College &

Enterprise Car Rental? ....................................................................................... 5

Task: two ............................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Compare the effectiveness of the different leaderships City College &

Enterprise Car Rental. ........................................................................................ 5

2.2 Explain how organizational theories (e.g. scientific management and human

relations theory) have had influence on the practice of management? ................ 7

2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by City College and

Enterprise Car Rental? ....................................................................................... 8

Task: three ............................................................................................................10

3.1 Discuss the impact of two leadership styles may have on City College &

Enterprise Car Rental in terms of motivation within period of change? .............10

3.2 Compare the application of different motivational theories within

organizational setting? ......................................................................................11

3.3 Explain the necessity of managers to understand and apply motivation

theories within the workplace of City College & ECR. .....................................13

Task: four .............................................................................................................13

4.1 Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within City College & ECR

..........................................................................................................................13

4.2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective

teamwork within City College and Enterprise Car Rental. ................................14

4.3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within City College

and Enterprise Car Rental. ................................................................................15

Conclusion: ...........................................................................................................16

References: ...........................................................................................................17

Introduction: Organization are being constituted to accomplish certain objectives by accumulating optimal

human resources, forming structures & managing cultures in a systemic way. In City College

from north west London & Enterprise Car Rental from US we find the optimal use of above

mentioned elements of better organization. The aim of this assignment is to making discussion

about organizational structures, culture, individual behavior, effectiveness of different

leadership, organizational theories, managerial groups etc. of City College & Enterprise’s inside

and out.

Task: one

1.1 Understanding the relationship between organizational culture and structures. City College situated in North West London follows tall organizational structure. It’s a

hierarchical long organizational chain of command structure generally used in military or

educational institutions. Managerial control of this particular structure remains in the hand of

employee’s immediate senior. The main merit of this structure is that decisions can be made

very rapidly & employees can be supervised very closely. As an institution run by tall

organizational structure, City College’s communication & management system is very efficient

and flexible at the same time. In addition, City College has three department namely teaching,

HR & administration. Here every department has its own sets of goals and objectives to full fill

then each other. So, tall structure can suit best for such environment (Hersey and Blanchard,

1982).

Figure: Tall structure in City College

On the other side Enterprise Car Rental, which is a service oriented American car hire company

follows flat organizational structure. The main focus of this most modern structure is it has

decentralized power & great scope of specialization. This structure is one of the most cost

efficient structure in other organization structures. As there are very few management layers so

that decision making can be very rapid & clear understanding. This structure is specialized for

making flexible changes in undertaken decisions. But this structure got some demerits too. Poor

decisions can be made by inexperienced or biased managers. There can be duplication of role in

the organization which leads to different solution of same problem. It hampers efficiency

effectivity of works.

Eventually, less dominance, decentralized power, clear communication has made this structure a

unique for any service oriented agency (Car Traveler, 2016).

Figure: Flat structure in Enterprise Car Rental

1.2: Explain how the relationship between City College and Enterprise Car Rental

structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business?

Organizational structure and culture play the most vital role in impacting the performance of an organization. In previous we mentioned two types of organizational structure and culture which are tall & flat organization structure followed by City College & Enterprise Car Rental. Impacts of these structures and cultures on performance are illustrated on terms of Decision making, Efficient Teamwork, Communication & flexibility are as following:

Decision making:

In tall organizational structure decision making process is very rapid. As the decision-making

power & Governing body is centralized, the upper management makes all the vital decision in

tall structure. On the other side, Flat organization structure decision making process is less rapid

but more efficient in terms of flexibility & democratic decision making

(Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016).

Efficient Teamwork:

To nail any project with success a good team work is a mandatory requirement.

We ca see efficient team management in both City College & Enterprise car rental company.

Task processes:

In tall organizational structure, organizational objects & milestones are being defined & planned

by the upper-class management. In flat structure the major goals are being made by the upper-

class but milestones are set by divisional seniors (Ivancevich and Matteson, 1995.

Communication & flexibility:

Both structure has efficient & fast communication means. But tall structure can manage more

flexibility than flat structure. As because this structure can take most rapid changes in

accordance with the changing external environment (Hnc-business.co.uk, 2016).

1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior in City College &

Enterprise Car Rental?

Behavior in an organization can be determined by determiners such as personality, attitude,

capabilities. These are main variables of varying behavior in both City College & Car Rental

Enterprise. These are illustrated as following:

Personality: It’s been said “preference” and “priority” towards an event or task defined one’s

personality. Personality is the core factor of defining one thinking and judgment perspective. We

can see employees in both organization have good sense in finishing tasks & managing team

works which is a clear pinch of good personality (Businesscasestudies.co.uk, 2016).

Perception: Perception refers the individualistic way of valuation of one’s task & jobs. City

College & Enterprise Car Rental have their own well perceived set of central nervous system

(The HR).

Attitude & Capabilities: Attitude refers the expression given by the individuals towards a

particular task or event. On the other side, to finish a project properly employees need to be more

capable than the required capability of the regarded task. Both City College & Car Rental

Enterprise have well capable individuals (Hersey and Blanchard, 19895).

Task: two

2.1 Compare the effectiveness of the different leaderships City College &

Enterprise Car Rental.

In City College, democratic leadership is being followed whereas in Enterprise Car Rental,

autocratic leadership is being followed.

Democratic Leadership: City College consisting three major departments such teaching, HR,

administration which have separate objects to meet a common goal. Here decision making &

voting power are being decentralized among the employees. That’s why it’s also being called or

participative leadership style. It is found by estimation that, democratic leadership style has the

most of the good communication, team management & more employee & customer satisfaction.

Figure: Democratic Leadership source (Johnson and Beehr, 2015)

Autocratic leadership: Enterprise Car Rental follows autocratic leadership. Top class

management in this car hire company holds all centralized powers for making the basic

decisions. They set up goals, define visions & establish milestones & supervise the employees

directing towards accomplishing company goals. Employees can’t take part in decision making

process in the organization. Their main duty is to materialize the milestone which is being set by

the upper-class management. But they have defined & clear hierarchical view of the

management.

Figure: source (Johnson and Beehr, 2015)

2.2 Explain how organizational theories (e.g. scientific management and human relations

theory) have had influence on the practice of management?

Management theories can be defined as the basic building blocks for any organization. How to

established organizational goals, how manage employees, how to execute a task etc. can be

defined by organizational theories.

Scientific management theory:

Scientific management theory is being defined by the Fredrick Winslow Taylor approximately in

1911. The main focus of this theory is to encourage specialization in conducting tasks,

maximization of employee satisfaction as well as reduction in labor turnover. This theory

believes in applying logical illustrations, defining critical paths & good supervision can raise

employee performance to a great extent. Scientific management theory is regarded as the most

modern sort of theory in this era.

Figure: The evolution of Scientific Management Theory (Source slideshare, cdn,2015)

Human relations theory:

The basic focus of this theory is if employees feel they are useful & important for companies, the productivity of the company gets higher. In order to do that, employees satisfying matters are being monitored proficiently. Social obligations, customer communications, cognitive & emotional factors of employees are also being defined in this theory. This theory came from neo classical management school. So, this theory generally defines working of informal social factors which motivates the employees most, pay attention to the workers, building open communication can lead to the increased productivity. It leads to morale development of the employees.

Figure: Random portrait of Human relations theory (Source outulsahr, cdn,2015)

2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by City College and

Enterprise Car Rental? Management approaches for any organization refers to planning, recruiting, executing,

monitoring, controlling properly. According to objective, milestones & type of an organization,

different managerial approaches are being taken. City College & Enterprise Car Rental follow

the as following managerial approaches:

Figure: common approaches to management in City College & ECR (self-creation)

Bureaucratic approach of management:

Bureaucratic approach is defined by the hierarchical approach of management. It’s basically a vertical level structure where chain of command stretches from top to bottom. Enterprise Car Rental has approximately 75k employees worldwide & operates more than 1M cars worldwide. This approach of Enterprise Car Rental focuses on the proficiency of the employees. It refers expert specialization which means an employee should be given the respective task which he or she is adroit on. That’s why it’s also been called “The Mechanical Production Shop”. This is the most fundamental approach for all other managerial approaches (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016).

Modern approach:

This modern approach emphasizes on the social obligations of the business. We know as a social

being we have to perform multifarious social duties & organization are not exceptional. This

modern approach focuses on the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities). By this Enterprise

Car Rental can build good customer brand engagement as well can perform social obligations.

Task 3

3.1 Discuss the impact of two leadership styles may have on City College &

Enterprise Car Rental in terms of motivation within period of change?

Leaders always try to give their best to foster values, change resistance &worker’s inspiration.

Leadership styles always provide noteworthy impacts on the milestones of the company. The

discussions of two motivational leadership styles are illustrated as following:

Participative/democratic Leadership Effects:

This leadership process is being defined the most modern & effective type of leadership style.

Here the decision-making power is being centralized. It’s basically two directional leadership

process where the upper management & the employees both take part in decision making process

& exercise equal rights on. Employees feel very privileged as their ideas are being examined &

considered crucial in decision making. As this mental morale is being boost up & employees feel

safeguard too. But those who don’t want more interactions & always try to manipulate

employees can’t make it up with this leadership style. Eventually as there are more

representatives in decision making, democratic decision becomes more fruitful & efficient than

other leadership styles (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016).

Figure: democratic Leadership Effects(self-creation)

Autocratic/ authoritarian leadership Effects:

Here the decision maker holds the power exercise his or her own decision power. Here flexibility

is high as because changes can make rapidly. Here non-cooperative representatives can’t make

choices as well there is little scope of new change as well as key arrangements. In real life,

people comparatively suffer from lack of motivation & low morale in such old from leadership.

Different expertise is needed to clarify idea & modify it according to the external environment

changing but at the same time employees can work under strict discipline which can’t be

maintained sometimes in other leadership styles. Eventually this autocratic leadership leads to

more dependence & less individual which is a bar to future leadership.

Figure: democratic Leadership Effects(freepik,2015)

3.2 Compare the application of different motivational theories within

organizational setting?

Application motivational theories always bring vigor, innovation & changes in working place.

The illustration of the motivational theories can be illustrated as following:

Maslow’s motivational theory:

Abraham Maslow first discovers that there are five basic needs of human. These needs are being

organized in upward order. The first need phase starts with the food, clothing, medicine,

residence. The second need phase starts with safety& protection issue. After that the pyramid

need becomes more and more acute. The process continues to the self-actualization peak.

Figure: Maslow’s motivational theory (freepik,2016)

Herzberg theory:

Fredrick Herzberg explains this theory approximately in 1959. He explained two kinds of factors; here one is the intrinsic & extrinsic factor. Intrinsic factors are called the Motivational factors & intrinsic factors are called Hygiene Factors. Salary, working conditions, Feedback are Motivator factors & achievement, reorganization, giving presentation are hygiene factors. Motivational factors are responsible for job satisfaction & hygiene factors are responsible for job dissatisfaction. Eventually the former is in monetary in terms whereas the latter is non-monetary.

Figure: Herzberg motivational theory ((self-creation),2016)

3.3 Explain the necessity of managers to understand and apply motivation theories

within the workplace of City College & ECR.

Employees are the main key powers of any company. So, managers need to focus on the

satisfactory matters of the employees. In ECR the motivational factors are being monitored very

efficiently. They provide insurance facilities, transportations, medical facilities, bonus, overtime

advantage, occasional leaves, and refreshment picnic. These activities help the Bechtel’s

employees to believe that they are not ordinary to the company rather are very crucial for the

industry without which company can’t run. Market characteristics vary from the market

structure, sum customers, demographic, psychographic or behavioral matters of clients. Some

market has high demand whereas some has comparatively low demand. When motivational

theories are on action employees get more inspiration & energetic feedbacks to work hard to

meet the milestones of the organization set by the upper-class management.

Figure: necessities of motivational theories in the City College & ECR(self-creation)

Task 4

4.1 Explain the nature of groups and group behavior within City College & ECR

Organizational groups are the pool of ideas, experience & expertise which can give context

specific individualistic potential solutions. Groups are generally typical by nature. Both formal &

informal groups exist in ECR. To encourage team works City College emphasize mostly on the

“Scientific Management”. Grouping activities comprise of various capacities & types of

individuals. Moreover, Team building foster democracy in the organization. There is a group

chief, moderator & bunch of members exist in a group. Formal groups require special treatments

where the chief pinpoint the milestones which need to be accomplished throughout the time. To

execute group communications Enterprise Car Rent uses social media sites like Facebook,

google plus, Pinterest, twitter, WhatsApp& so on. New recruited employees get interacting

course training which emphasize their grouping behavior in a team. Moreover, different division

of the Enterprise Car Rent and City College has its own team workstations. It leads the

company’s objectives to its prime goal. The informal team works foster good communications

among the employees. As because they can share their personal notions & perspective, the

bonding among the team mates become strengthen.

4.2 Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective

teamwork within City College and Enterprise Car Rental.

City College and Enterprise Car Rental energize representatives of its organization always tends

to encourage innovation, new projects, flexibilities with competitive advantage. In Enterprise Car

Rental communication, cooperation, balance, mutual support, effort is existing in group building.

A wider range of group ideas is much better than individual ideas come from isolation

(ConnectUS, 2016).

Figure: factors that may promote effective teamwork (self-creation)

Moreover, there are other factors too, which need to be illustrated:

Group size:

Group size requires optimal size to perform given task efficiently. Ideal group sizes foster good bonding & understanding within team mates. Less group members can exhibit their talents as well as make rapid decisions. If there is huge gathering than optimum size in group, then it leads to the disaster of the project. Only worthy capable are required to comprise a group. So to execute an ideal team, the optimal group size matter need to be emphasized on (Anon, 2016).

Group Norms:

Every Group individual have different abilities and knowledge; these folks have their own

arrangements of norms. Here if the manager set up general rules and regulations then it doesn’t

mean the company is trying to control the individuals. If any member come out uncompromising

& try to manipulate others with aggressive status, then established group norms must need to

interfere on. Established standards can be composed which comes convenient for potential group

individuals and those new recruits need to get a feeling of how this organizational group works

& the importance of norms.

Skills and Ability:

It is said that Being a committed employee to the organization shows the dedication for the post.

Eventually dedicated skillful individuals played the key role in materializing organizational

goals. Employees require to manage correlation & cooperation. Their performance will gradually

create an image that will convey a perspective massage to initiating personality about the

employee. Different expertise is needed to clarify idea & modify it according to the external

environment changing (Future First, 2016).

4.3 Evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within City College

and Enterprise Car Rental.

Innovation permits an organization encouraging correspondence among the adroit stuffs of a

group. It additionally lessens the time, cost connected with gathering work. Technology is the

bridge between communication among the employees & the gross productivity. The prime

advantages of utilizing innovation as a part of a city college w permits divergent gatherings of

the association of individuals with various calendars and areas to all the more adequately

cooperate and diminishing finishing times too costs. Business innovation always refers adopting

new ideas, production channels, new projects, revolutionary marketing strategy, rapid

communication styles, faster management system, welcoming new freshman & try to making

absolute advantageous product for the clients. Email, mobile phone, groupware, asynchronous

communication is used in Bechtel (Future First, 2016). The technology used in Bechtel are

given below:

Figure: technology used in team functioning in City College & Enterprise Car Rental(self-

creation)

Conclusion:

City College is a private college consisting three major departments namely teaching, HR,

administration. It’s followed by democratic leadership, run by tall chain of command. Other side,

Enterprise Car Rental followed by hierarchical leadership, run by flat chain of command.

Efficient functional structure, participative leadership abilities, profound team works & with

scientific management is gradually growing very high in these college & car rental service. Day

by day these organizations energize its representatives to encourage innovation, new initiatives,

flexibilities according to its changing situation to cope with.

References: