1. THINKING VERSUS 1. THINKING VERSUS STRUCTURING STRUCTURING

THINKING THINKING

Draw valid Conclusion

STRUCTURINSTRUCTURINGG

Stress Conclusion

(Main Point)

Clearly Ordered Support ing Points

Clearly Ordered Supporting PointsClearly Ordered Supporting Points

Random Ordered by Hierarchy

Analysis

IdeasAssumptions

DataSynthesis

Facts Details

2. GUIDELINES FOR THINKING2. GUIDELINES FOR THINKING

2.1 Be Aware of Your Assumptions

2.2 Draw Valid Conclusionsa. Deduction

b. Induction

2.3 Avoid Logical Defectsa. Don’t jump to conclusion too fast

b. Don’t hide behind false ideas

c. Don’t oversimplify

GENERAL PRINCIPLE

SPECIFIC SITUATION

CONCLUSION

APPLY TO

DRAW

DEDUCTION

FactsObservation

s Ideas

SPECIFICS

GENERALIZE

SPECIFIC SITUATION

CONCLUSION

APPLY TO

DRAW

INDUCTION

AUDIENCE MEMORY CURVEAUDIENCE MEMORY CURVE

Time ---------------------------

High

(a) Retention(b) Interest &

Desire

Low

IDEA CHART IDEA CHART

Main Idea

Support ing point Support ing point Support ing point

Sub points Sub points Sub points

3.3. Guidelines for StructuringGuidelines for Structuring

3.1 Provide a Hierarchy for your Ideasa. Stress Conclusion (Main or first-level points)

b. Divide into Second-level pointsc. Divide into lower-level points

3.2 Put your Ideas in ordera. For Explanatory Ideas i. time ii. components iii. importanceb. For Action Ideas i. direct approach ii. Indirect approach