Organizational behaviour : Training & Development.

TRAINING& DEVELOPMENT

By Homeworkguruwww.homeworkguru.com

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Manager Development Process

• Present job• Next job• Future needs


Approaches to Manager Development

• On-the job training

• Learn while working for the organization.• Competent high-level managers & coach work as trainees.


Different types of on-the-job training

• Job rotation: broadens the knowledge base of managers or potential managers.

• Create “ASSISTANT” position - allows the trainees to work closely with experienced managers who act as mentors or guides.

• Temporary promotions• Committees and Junior Boards• Coaching


Internal & external Training

1. Sensitivity Training: -• focus is on team-building efforts• Small group interactions take place• Sensitivity towards each others feelings• Insight into one’s own behavior and the way one appears to

others- Feedback from trainer & other group members- Opinions are expressed freely & openly


Weaknesses • May prove psychologically harmful• Invasion of privacy• Requires handling from highly trained people because of highly

emotional sessions• Voluntary• Screening • Prior information to volunteers regarding goals & process of the program


Continued…

2. Conferences & Lectures.3. University Management programs.4. Simulations, role-playing, in-basket exercises, etc.


Managing Change: Techniques for Initiating Change

• Field-Force theory: Kurt Lewin • There are some forces favoring & some opposing change. This

situation is called an equilibrium.• Equilibrium is maintained by driving forces and restraining forces


Continued…• Three stages

• Unfreezing• Changing• refreezing


How to overcome resistance• Participation & involvement• Education & communication• Leadership


Organization conflict• Within the individuals• Between individuals• Between an individual & a group• Between the groups


Sources of Conflict• Complexity of organizations• Incompatible goals• People have different values & different perceptions of issues• Line & Staff Conflicts• Leadership style• Educational background• Lack of communication


Organisation Development

• It is a long range program attempting to change the behavioral attitudes & performance of the total organisation

• Planned, systematic & continuous process that focuses on change

• Aims at making the enterprise more effective


Organization Development Process• Organisation diagnosis is done by OD expert• Information collected through questionnaires, interviews &

observations• Data is analyzed & ready for feedback

• Presents the finding to the management in a meeting of different dept heads

• Ranking of problems• Identification of causes and possible solutions• Short lectures & exercises are integrated in the process• The meeting ends with an agreement on changed strategy• Interventions.• Measurement and evaluation after a specific period of time.


Other OD approaches

• Grid Approach (Robert Blake and Jane Mouton)• Survey feedback-collection, organisation, analysis &

feedback of data to participants• Process consultation-consultant facilitates process within

& between groups• Team building-people working together meet to identify

barriers to effective functioning of the group.

Committees & Teams


Introduction

• Committee: a group of persons to whom, as a group, some matter is committed.

• Team: a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.


Reasons for the Use of Committees & Teams

• Group deliberation and judgment.• Fear of too much authority in a single person.• Representation of interested groups.• Coordination of departments, plans & policies.• Transmission & sharing of information.• Consolidation of authority.• Motivation through participation.• Avoidance of action.


Misuse of Committees

• Costly.• Compromises from the less known persons rather than an

optimal decision.• Few persons imposing their will on majority.• No participation.


Successful Operation of Committees & Groups

• Authority• Size• Membership• Subject matter• Chairperson• Minutes• Cost effectiveness


Features of Teams

• No definite rules for building effective teams.• Self-managing teams which usually consisting of members

having variety of skills needed to carry out a task.• Virtual teams to respond fast to rapidly changing

environment

Organizational behaviour : Training & Development.

Leadership & Management

Transcript of Organizational behaviour : Training & Development.