Organizational Behaviour Cs-A

8/8/2019 Organizational Behaviour Cs-A

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WHY TO STUDYORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR????????


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THINK ANDANSWER


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CAN YOUy WORK ISOLATELY?

y SURVIVE WITHOUT COMMUNICATION?

y WORK IN THE ORGANIZATION WITHOUTRELATIONSHIPS?

y SURVIVE AS A STRANGER IN A GROUP?

y WORK LIKE A MACHINE?


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IF YOUR ANSWER IS NO THAN..

y YOU REALLY NEED TO STUDY

ORGANIZATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR


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B. TECH- VIth Sem


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WHAT IS AN ORGANIZATION?

y Mc Farland has defined organization as an

Identifiable group of people contributing their

efforts towards the attainment of goals

An organization comes into existence when there

are number of persons in communication and

relationship to one another and are willing tocontribute towards a common Endeavour


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NATURE OF ORGANIZATION

yGroup of persons

yCommon objectives

yCo- ordination & Communication

yDivision of Work

yChain of Commands

yDivision Of Activities

yDelegation of Authority


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COMPONENTS OF ORGANIZATION

y Determination of Objectives

y Division of Activities

y Fitting Individuals into Jobs

y Developing Relationshipsy Delegation of Authority

y Effective Communication

y Coordination of Activities


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What is Organizational Structure?

Specification of the jobs to be done within anorganization and the ways in which they relate

to one another. This allows the organization to

achieve its goals. At some organizations thestructure is rigid, at other it is more flexible.


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yy Every business needs structure to operate. OrganizationalEvery business needs structure to operate. Organizational

structure varies according to a firmsstructure varies according to a firms mission, purposemission, purpose, and, and

strategystrategy..

yy Size, technologySize, technology, and, and changes in environmental circumstanceschanges in environmental circumstances alsoalsoinfluence structure.influence structure.

Although all organizations have the same basicelements, each develops the structure that

contributes to the most efficient operations.

Determinants of Organization


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The BuildingBlocks of Organizational Structure

The first step in developing the structure of any business, largeor small, involves two activities:

Specialization

Determining who will do what

Departmentalization

Determining how people performing certain tasks can best begrouped together


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66 -- 1313

Clark Equipment Corp.

Forks & Small

Earthmovers Division

Trucks

Division

Tools

Division

PurchasingMaterials

HandlingFabrication Painting Assembly Sales Distribution

Human

Resources

Department

Engineering

Department

Line and Staff OrganizationLine and Staff OrganizationLine do the mainline functions/StaffLine do the mainline functions/Staff

assistassist

StaffStaff

ManagersManagers

LineLine

ManagersManagers


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Multiple Forms ofDepartmentalization

President

Vice President

Marketing

Vice President

Production

Vice President

Finance

Texas Plant

Manager

Oregon Plant

Manager

Florida Plant

Manager

Consumer

Products

Industrial

Products

Consumer

Products

Industrial

Products

Consumer

Products

Industrial

Products

FunctionalDepartmentalizationFunctionalDepartmentalization

GeographicalDepartmentalizationGeographicalDepartmentalization

Product DepartmentalizationProduct Departmentalization


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OrganisationalBehaviour defined

OB is the field of study that investigates the

impact that individuals, groups, and

structure have on behaviour withinorganisations, with the purpose of applying

such knowledge toward improving an

organisations efficiency & effectiveness

Def adapted from S.Robbins Organizational Behavior


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SOME MORE DEFIITIONS

Organizational Behaviour is concerned with the understanding , prediction and

management of human behavior in organizations

Fred Luthans

Organizational Behaviour can be defined as a branch of the social sciences that seeks to

build theories that can be applied to predict, understand and control human behaviour

in the organization

Raman.J. Aldag


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Characteristics Of OrganizationalBehaviour

Helps us to understand why people &

groups feel and behave the way they do

Helps us identify processes and techniqueswhich improve attitudes and work

behaviour thereby improving effectiveness

Helps us to develop and enhance our skills

as an organisational member & manager


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Nature of OBIt is an interdisciplinary subject

It involves systematic study of attitudes and

behaviours of people in organisations

This means attempting to establish cause

and effect based on scientific evidence

It contrasts with thinking based on

common sense and intuition INTERDISCIPLINARY

Common sense

SYSTEMATIC STUDY


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Models Of OrganizationalBehavior

Autocratic

Custodial

SupportiveCollegial"...and don't forget to empty the

employees' suggestion box."


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Autocratic ModelIn it the manager has the power and

authority to command over the

people.

Employees have simply to follow

instruction given by management.

Employees are ordered and directed

to do assigned work.

Employees are paid minimum wagesfor minimum performance.

In it the communication is one way

i.e. downward only.


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CustodialIt is based on the economic resources of the

organization rather than on the personal

dependence.

Managerial orientation moved towards to

pay for employees benefits.

The employees feel security as they became

dependent on organization.

In it management decides what benefits and

rewards should be given to the employees.


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SUPPORTIVE

This model depends on managerial

leadership.

The aim of manager is to support

employees in their achievement.

The focus is primarily on participation& involvement of employees.

It is similar to McGregors Theory Y.


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COLLEGIAL

The term collegial refers to a body of people

having common purpose.

It is based on TEAM concept.

Control is basically through Self- Discipline.

Each employee develops high degree ofunderstanding towards others and shares

common goals.


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VARIABLES OF OBPEOPLE

ENVIRONMENT

TECHNOLOGY

STRUCTURE


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PEOPLE

People make the internal social

system of the organization.

They consist of individuals and

groups.

They are formal as well as informal.


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Environment

All organizations operate within an

internal and external environment.

It influences the attitudes of people,affects working conditions and provides

competition for resources and power.


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Technology

It provides the resources with

which people work and affect

the task that they perform.

The great benefit of technology

is that it allows people to do

more and better work

Example:-ATM, E-banking.


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StructureIt defines the formal relationship of

people in organization.

Different jobs are required to

accomplish all of an organization'sactivities.

There are managers and employees.

This people have to be related in

some structural way so that there

work can be effectively coordinated.


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ROLES OF A MANAGER

INTERPERSONAL

INFORMATIONAL

DECISIONAL


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INFORMATIONAL ROLESy MONITOR: monitor activities,

solicit information, gather dataand observe behaviour.

y DISSEMINATOR: spreading ofinformation timely with clarity.

y SPOKESPERSON: representor

of the group.


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DECISIONAL ROLESy ENTREPRENEUR: managers act in entrepreneurial

ways by constantly trying to improve their operations.

They seek new ways of using resources, new

technologies for enhanced performance.

y DISTURBANCE HANDLER: Manager always have theprimary responsibility of resolving problems.

y RESOURCE ALLOCATOR: Managers must plan to

meet their objectives and distribute resources

accordingly.


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PERCEPTION


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Perceptionis a process

by which individuals organize

and interpret their sensory

impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.


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Concept Of perception

y Perception is the intellectual process through which a person

selects the data from the environment, organizes it, and obtains

meaning from it.

y The perception is a psychological process.

y Peoples actions, emotions, thoughts are triggered by the

perception of their surroundings.


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FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION

y INTERNAL FACTORS:

y Needs and Desires

yPersonality- persons who accept themselves and have faithin their individuality perceive things favorable, self accepting

individuals perceive themselves as liked, wanted and accepted

by others.

y EXPERIENCE


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1234111561117811


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FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCEPTION

y EXTERNAL FACTORS

y Size:The bigger the size of the perceived stimulus, the

higher is the probability that it is perceived.

y Frequency: repeated external stimulus is more attention

attracting than a single time.

y Status:High status people can exert greater influence on

perception .y Contrast:Stimuli that contrast with the surrounding

environment are more likely to be attention catching.


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ATTITUDES


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ATTITUDE MEANING

Attitudes are evaluative statements, either

favorable or unfavorable, concerning objects,

people, or events. They reflect how one feelsabout something.


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Nature Of Attitudey Attitudes affect behaviour of a

person.

y Attitudes are acquired throughlearning over the period of time.

y Attitudes can be assessed byobserving behavior of anindividual.

y Individual respond favourably and

unfavourably to things in hisenvironment

y All people , irrespective of theirstatus and intelligence holdattitudes.


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THE MAJOR JOB ATTITUDES

Types ofattitude in organizational

settingy These work related attitudes tap positive or negative

evaluations that employees hold about aspects of their work

environment.

They include

yjob satisfaction

yjob involvement andyorganizational commitment


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JOB SATISFACTION

yJob satisfaction can be defined as a positive

feeling about ones job resulting from an

evaluation of its characteristics

PUNCTUAL

MINIMUMABSENTEEISM

HIGH

PERFORMANCE


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JOBINVOLVEMENTy Job involvement measure the degree to which people

identify psychologically with their job or consider their

perceived performance level important to self-worth.

ATTACHMENT

LOW

TURNOVER


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ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

y Defined as the degree to which an employee identifies with a

particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain

membership in the organization.

y So, high job involvement means identifying with ones specific

job, whereas high org. commitment means identifying with

ones employing organization.

LOW

TURNOVER

CARE FOR

WORK


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MOTIVATION


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Motivation is the key to

continued fruitfulness


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MOTIVATION DEFINED

Motivation means a process of stimulating

people to action to accomplish desired goals.

(S

COTT)

Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives,desires, strivings and needs directly control the behavior

of human beings.

( MAC FARLAND)


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SUCCESSFUL MOTIVATION INVOLVESSUCCESSFUL MOTIVATION INVOLVES::

Getting people to do what youwant them to do in terms of thedivinely imparted vision

When you want them to do it

The way you want them to do it

Because they want to do it


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CONCEPT OF MOTIVATION

Motivation is:

To create an urge or desire to do

some better performance.

To generate the willingness to use

their best effort in performing their

work.

The force that compel people to

move and instigate them to act.


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THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

The basic theories of motivationare:

Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory

Herzbergs Two Factor Theory

Mc Clelland- Achievement MotivationTheory.

M G P i i i Th i

Organizational Behaviour Cs-A

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