1. 1. POWER AND POLITICS Presented By- Chhavi Devashish Sakshi Sowmya
2. 2. POLITICS : POWER IN ACTION Organizational politics involves those activities by organizations to acquire, develop, and use power and other resources to obtain ones preferred outcomes in a situation in which there is uncertainty or dissent about choices. (Pfeffer, 1981)
3. 3. CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF POLITICAL BEHAVIOR CAUSES Survival or Success is at stake Professional Jealousy Scarcity of resources and Ego Clashes Mixing of personal and professional life Wrong perception
4. 4. CONSEQUENCES Decrease in overall productivity Spoils the Ambience Wrong Information Demotivated employees Increases Stress
5. 5. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POLITICAL BEHAVIOR Individual factors Organizational factors
6. 6. Individual Factors High self monitors Internal locus of control High mach personality Organizational investment Perceived job alternatives Expectations of success Organizational Factors Reallocation of resources Promotion opportunities Low trust Role ambiguity Unclear performance evaluation system Zero sum reward practices Democratic decision making High performance pressures Self serving senior mangers Political behavior Low High Favorable outcomes Reward Averted punishments
7. 7. EMPLOYEE RESPONSES TO ORGANIZTIONAL POLITICS Individuals who successfully engage in politicking are met with favorable outcomes. People with modest politicking skills , or those who are unwilling to play politics game met with not so favorable outcomes. Organizational politics seen as a threat to employees. There is a strong evidence that relates the effect of politics on the individuals on a personal level .
8. 8. Organizational politics may threaten employees Decreased job satisfaction Increased anxiety and stress Increased Turnover Reduced Performance
9. 9. DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR The behavior that people respond with when people perceive politics as a threat rather than opportunity. Reactive and protective behaviors Avoid action, blame or change. Associated with negative feelings. Short run Defensiveness protects self interest. Long run Defensiveness wears one down. The defensiveness is the only way.
10. 10. DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR TYPES Action Blame Change Over confirming Stretching Buck Passing Stalling Buffing Scapegoating Playing safe Misrepresenting Prevention Self protection
11. 11. IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT The process by which individuals attempt to control the impression others form of them is called impression management (IM). Within seconds of seeing a person for the first time we decide their: Etiquette Social status Approachability Education Religion Sexuality Friendliness
12. 12. IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES Conformity Favors Excuses Apologies Self-promotion Enhancement Flattery Exemplification
13. 13. ETHICS OF BEHAVING POLITICALLY What The way an organization should respond to external environment refers to organization ethics. Organization ethics includes various guidelines and principles which decide the way individuals should behave at the workplace. Eight Elements Respect Honour Integrity Customer Focus Result Oriented Risk Taking PersistentPassion
14. 14. CASE STUDY NITHISH KATARA MURDER CASE
15. 15. Nitish Katara (1987- 17 February 2002 ) Nitish Katara, a 25-year-old Delhi based business executive, was murdered in the early hours of 17 February 2002, by Vikas Yadav, son of an influential criminal-politician D.P. Yadav. Nitish had recently graduated from the Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad where, he had fallen in love with his classmate, Bharti Yadav, sister of Vikas Yadav. From a common friends wedding in Ghaziabaad, Nitish was abducted by Vikas and his cousin Vishal Yadav. Three days later, Katara's body was found beside the highway nearby Khurja, 80 km from the wedding venue.
16. 16. He had been battered to death with a hammer, diesel poured on him, and set aflame. Arrest and confessions Inspector Ashok Bhadoria (a business associate of D.P. Yadav ) arrested Vikas and Vishal Yadav in MP, and in his original statement to the court, he said that the Yadavs had confessed having kidnapped Katara. Later on the inspector changed his stand saying the accused persons made no confessional statements in his presence. After being handed over to the U.P. police, they gave a more detailed confession, which the Police recorded on audiotape. In May 2006, the NDTV news channel managed to obtain the tape and broadcast it.
17. 17. Bharti Yadavs testimony took 4.5 years and in her testimony she denied any romantic relationship with Katara. Of the four people at the wedding who had initially said they saw Nitish go into the car with Vikas, three had already withdrawn their testimony. Only Rohit Gaur was left as having seen Vikas and Vishal taking Nitish in his car. However, on 26 September 2006, he denied everything he had told police before. On 30 May 2008 New Delhi fast track court sentenced Vikas and Vishal Yadav to life sentences for the kidnap and murder of Nitish Katara. Vikas Yadav was granted bail 66 times in the first two years of his incarceration, often with no clear reason documented.
18. 18. Even during the bail,Vikas Yadav was repeatedly involved in criminal activities including involvement in the Jessica Lal case. On April 2, 2014, Delhi High Court upheld the Trial Court verdict sentencing Life Imprisonment to Vikas Yadav, Vishal Yadav and the contract killer Sukhdev Pehalwan. On February 6, 2015,Delhi HC awarded Vikas and Vishal life terms of 25 years without remission and Sukhdev Pehalwan gets 20 years life imprisonment without remission. On October 3, 2016, the Supreme Court awarded a 25-year jail term to Vishal Yadav and a 20-year term to Sukhdev Pehalwan.
19. 19. What was the defensive behavior of those involved in the Kataria case ?
20. 20. Inspector Ashok Bhadoria - said that the Yadavs had confessed having kidnapped Katara from Kavi Nagar, Ghaziabad and arrested Vikas and Vishal Yadav in MP. Constable Brij Mohan Mishra- said in court, "The accused persons themselves said that they had murdered Nitish Katara after kidnapping him. Inspector Bhadoria - Business associate of D P Yadav, Bhadoria did not produce Brij Mohan before any magistrate to get his statement recorded. Bharti Yadav- Daughter of D.P Yadav changed initial verbal sentence.
21. 21. Supreme Court, responding to an appeal from Nitish Katara's mother, shifted the trial from Ghaziabad to Delhi because of D. P. Yadav's considerable influence in the area, including its administration and judiciary. Rohit Gaur- brother of Shivani Gaur, only witness left out of four. It is incorrect to suggest that I informed the police that on the day of the marriage, around midnight, Vishal came near Nitish Katara and had a conversation with him and took him outside where Vikas Yadav was present and that both Vikas and Vishal took Nitish in their vehicle. Ajay Kumar- Passerby- gave a statement- April 2007 . In June 2007, filed a complaint under pressure to withdraw from the case.
22. 22. What were the political flaws in the case?
23. 23. Dealing with influential politicians- Witnesses changed their statements. Failure of judicial system. Criminals in power.
24. 24. How can we determine whether a political action is ethical?
25. 25. Question 1: Is the political action motivated by self serving interests to the exclusion of the organizations goals? Yes Unethical No Ethical Question 3: Is the political activity fair and equitable? No Yes Unethical Question 2: Does the political action respect the rights of the individuals affected? Yes Unethical No
26. 26. THANK YOU