CIVIL WORKS- GUIDELINES FOR LAYOUT OF SMALL HYDRO PLANTS.pdf
Organization of Plant Tissue - Ms. kropacmskropac.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/9/7/24970344/plants.pdf ·...
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Organization of Plant Tissue
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Plant SystemsShoot System
Root System
The LeafThe StemThe Flower
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The Shoot System
Has two main functions: to conduct photosynthesis and to produce flowers for sexual reproduction
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The Leaf
Main photosynthetic structure of the plant.carbon dioxide+ water glucose + oxygen
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The Leaf
Chloroplasts in the leaf cells have chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light energy
Glucose that is made is used for plant growth and energy storage
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The Leaf
Leaves are always thin to get as much sun as possible
Underneath the leaf is a stomate - opening to let carbon dioxide in and oxygen out
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The Flower
Flowers are specialized structures that are used for sexual reproductionContain male and female reproductive structures (sometimes both)
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The Flower
Male reproductive structures produce pollen grains
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The Flower
Female reproductive structures produce eggs
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The FlowerThe eggs get fertilized by the pollen (preferably of a different plant)
After pollination, the female flower parts form seeds
In most flowering plants, the seeds are contained within fruit
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The Flower
Grasses and many trees are wind pollinated
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The FlowerOther plants rely on insects, birds and bats to pollinate them.
These plants have large, colourful and fragrant flowers to attract their pollinators
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The Stem
The stem (or trunk) supports branches, leaves and flowers
Provides a way to transport materials and always grows against gravity
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The StemContain a large amount of vascular tissue to transport materials around the plantXylem transports water and minerals from roots up the plant Phloem transports food (sugars) from leaves to other structures
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The Root System typically grows below the groundTwo functions:
1) anchors the plant into the ground2)absorbs water and minerals from the soil
Roots always grow with gravity
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The Root SystemThere are two types of roots:
i)Tap roots: one main root with several smaller ones coming off the side
allows for the roots to get deeper into the
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The Root System
ii)Fibrous roots: all roots are basically the same size
allows for roots to spread out laterally
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The Root System
Most roots are white in colour - they have no chlorophyll. No point in having chlorophyll if the roots have no access to the sunlight!
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The Root System
Some roots, such as carrots and radishes, store food for the plant
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Plant Tissues
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Four Tissue Systems in Plants
1) Meristematic2) Dermal3) Vascular4) Ground Tissue
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Meristematic Cells
Unspecialized.Divide and differentiate into specialized tissues.
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Dermal TissueForms outermost layer of a plant.
Epidermis can be specialized:
Epidermal root cells can form root hairs to absorb water and minerals.
Epidermal leaf cells produce a waxy waterproof cuticle.
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Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Transports water
Phloem
Transports a sugar
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Ground TissueLocated between the dermal and vascular tissue.Perform a variety of functions:
Photosynthesis.Food and water storage.Structural support.
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Tissue Tissue System Function
Upper Epidermis Dermal Produces cuticle (minimizes loss de to evaporation)
Palisade Layer Ground Chloroplasts tightly packed, increase surface are to absorb sunlight
Vascular Bundle Vascular Transports food and water
Spongy Mesophyll Ground Contains loosely packed chloroplasts,
increase contact with CO2
Lower Epidermis Dermal Contains stomata
Guard Cells Dermal Open Stomata, let CO2 in
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