organization of living things
Transcript of organization of living things
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THE ORGANIZATION
OF LIVING THINGS
By
Carla Bridges
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WHY CAN’T YOU USE YOUR TEETH TO BREATHE?
Why can’t you use your arm muscles to digest food?
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WHAT IS A MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM?
You Are!!!!!!!!!! An organism made of many cells. Made by making more small cells, not by making cells larger.
For example: Elephant vs. human
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WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF BEING MULTICELLULAR?
Larger Size1. Larger than single celled
organisms2. Prey for less predators3. Wider variety of prey
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MORE BENEFITS
Longer Life1. Is not limited to the
lifespan of a single cell
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EVEN MORE BENEFITS
Specialization1. Each cell has a specific
job.2. Makes organism more
efficient
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CELLS WORKING TOGETHER
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Tissue-group of cells that work together to perform a specific job.
Material around and between the cells is also part of the tissue.
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TYPES OF TISSUE
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Animals have four types of tissue
1. Nerve tissue2. Muscle tissue3. Connective tissue4. Protective tissue
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Plants have three types of tissue:
1. Transport tissue-moves water and nutrients through a plant
2. Protective tissue- covers the plant; helps the plant retain water, protection
3. Ground tissue- photosynthesis takes place here
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TISSUES WORKING TOGETHER
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Organ - a structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function
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STOMACHHas several kinds of tissue.
Muscle tissue makes food move in and through the stomach.
Special tissues make chemicals that help digest your food.
Connective tissue holds the stomach together.
Nervous tissue carries messages back and forth between the stomach and the brain.
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LIST THREE ADVANTAGES OF
BEING MULTICELLULAR
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Larger SizeLonger LifeCell Specialization
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WHAT IS AN ORGAN?
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Organ - a structure made up of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function
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ORGANS WORKING TOGETHER
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A group of organs working together to perform a particular function is called an organ system.
Each organ system has a specific job to do in the body.
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Plants have organ systems also:
Leaf system Stem system Root system
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FOR EXAMPLEDigestive system Stomach and Intestines1. Job is to break down food into small
particles.2. The rest of the body depends on the
digestive system for fuel. The digestive system depends on the
respiratory and cardiovascular systems for oxygen.
Cardiovascular System Heart and Blood Vessels Carries fuel to the rest of the body
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ORGANISMS
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Anything that can perform life processes by itself is an organism.
2 types Unicellular and multicellular
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Unicellular organisms Bacteria Protists Some Fungi Live in colonies but all of the cells are single cells
Each cell must carry out all life processes to survive
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In Contrast:Even the simplest multicellular organism has specialized cells that depend on each other for the survival of the organism.
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WHAT ARE THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN
LIVING THINGS?
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Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN ORGANISMS
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Structure is the arrangement of parts in an organism.
Includes the shape of a part and the material of which the part is made.
Example: The structure of the lungs is a large
spongy sac.
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Function is the job the part does Example: The function of the lungs is to carry
oxygen to the rest of the body.
Connection; The structure of the lungs enables them
to perform a function.
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ACTIVITY
Break into pairs according to shoe color
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WORKS CITEDHolt Science and Technology. Holt,
Rinehart, and Winston. Harcourt Education Company. Austin, Texas 2005.
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NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS COVERED UCP 1: Systems, order, and organization UCP 2: Evidence, models, and explanation UCP 5: Form and function LS 1a: Living systems at all levels of organization
demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function. Important levels of organization for structure and function include cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems.
LS 1b: All organisms are composed of cells—the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multicellular.
LS 1d: Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multicellular organisms. Groups of specialized cells cooperate to form a tissue, such as a muscle. Different tissues are in turn grouped together to form larger functional units, called organs. Each type of cell, tissue, or organ has a distinct structure and set of functions that serves the organism as a whole.