biosphere ecosystem community population Studying organisms in their environment organism.
Organisms & Their Environment 2.1. I. Ecology NAME AN ORGANISM THAT LEAVES IN COMPLETE ISOLATION...
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Transcript of Organisms & Their Environment 2.1. I. Ecology NAME AN ORGANISM THAT LEAVES IN COMPLETE ISOLATION...
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Organisms & Their Environment
2.1
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I. Ecology
NAME AN ORGANISM THAT LEAVES IN COMPLETE
ISOLATION FROM OTHER ORGANISMS...
There isn’t one! (Give examples)
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I. Ecology
A. Ecology- The study of interactions between organisms and their environments
1. Big picture = Everything is connected to something else!
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I. EcologyB. Biosphere- The portion of the
earth that supports life (remember bio=life)
1. Includes air, land and oceans (not the core of the Earth…as far as we know)
2. Very thin layer of the Earth
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I. Ecology3. The biosphere contains biotic and
abiotic factors
a. Biotic Factors- Living or once-living things
1) Ex: mates, producers (food), predators, etc
b. Abiotic Factors- Non-living things
1) Ex: temperatrue, wind, nitrogen, salt, rocks, soil, etc
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II. Levels of Organization(see bulls eye handout)
A. Organism- The living thing of interest.
B. Population- A group of organisms of the same species, in the same area, at the same time.1. Some members will compete for food, water, shelter, mates, etc
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II. Levels of OrganizationC. Biological Community-
Populations that interact in the same area at the same time.
1. Includes multiple different species (all living things)
2. Ex: Lions, zebras, trees, grass in African plains
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II. Levels of OrganizationD. Ecosystem- An area of
interaction between living and non-living things
1. Terrestrial- Located on Land
2. Aquatic- Located in water
E. Biome- Large group of ecosystems that share the same climate
1. Marine, Grassland, Dessert, etc
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II. Levels of OrganizationE. Organisms in Ecosystems
1. Habitat- Specific place where an organism lives its life
a. Ex: Under a log
2. Niche- Strategies and adaptations that an organism uses to meet its needs that sets it apart.
a. One habitat may have many niches
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II. Levels of Organizationa. One habitat may have many niches
b. Niches reduce competition for resources
1) Ex: Under a log…»Centipedes trap beetles for food
»Worms get nutrients from soil»Ants eat dead insects»Millipede eats decaying leaves
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III. Survival RelationshipsA. Symbiosis- A permanent
relationship between two organisms of different species
1. Means “living together”
2. Helps species survive
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III. Survival RelationshipsB. Mutualism- Both organisms
benefit
1. Ants on an Acacia tree attack anything that tries to feed on the tree while the Acacia tree provides shelter for the ants
2. Everybody wins!!!
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III. Survival RelationshipsC. Commensalism- One
organism benefits and one is unaffected
1. Barnacles attach to whales for transportation. This makes no difference to the whale.
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III. Survival RelationshipsD. Parasitism- One organism
benefits while the other is harmed1. Usually does not kill the host…Why?2. Tapeworms live in the digestive tract and steal nutrients from its host. Host may become malnourished.
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III. Survival RelationshipsE. Predator/Prey- One
organism hunts and kills another for food.
1. Not actually considered a symbiotic relationship because the organism dies (not “permanent”).
2. Ex: Cougar eats a rabbit.
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ReviewWhat is ecology?What are the 3 parts of the biosphere?What’s the difference between biotic factors and abiotic factors?From smallest to largest, what are the levels of organization?
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ReviewWhat’s the difference between a habitat and a niche?
Why is a niche good?
List and describe the 3 symbiotic relationships.