Organised in co-operation with Serbian Chamber of Commerce Technical characteristic of package and...

Organised in co-operation with Serbian Chamber of Commerce

Technical characteristic of package Technical characteristic of package and metric bottles for prepacked and metric bottles for prepacked

productsproducts

Workshop on requirements for prepackaged Workshop on requirements for prepackaged productsproducts

Belgrade, Republic of SerbiaBelgrade, Republic of Serbia - - June 2010June 2010

Workshop on requirements for prepackaged products

Control of packing and filling

Reasons to control

Fulfillment of requirements set up for prepackages

Effectiveness of production (reduction of overfilling)


Factors of filling process

Factors affecting process of control Sort of a productPrice of productBatch sizePossibility to regulate a filling lineWay of packing


Selection of control system

Statistical control Sampling in a certain time period

Usually used in: Lower and mean output Easy regulation High quality of filling process



Statistical control

Advantages:

Lower acquisition costsLower requirements on service



Statistical control

Disadvantages:

qualified staff is neededrandom error can occur



100% control every single piece is control

Can be used where: The regulation is difficult Filling process is problematic



100% control

Advantages

Avoiding random error Staff do not need to be so qualified



100% control

Disadvantages

High acquisition costs Higher requirements for service


control system and basic terms

Production batch Usually a hourly production

Average A measure of filling process setting

Standard deviation A measure of measuring process stability



Warning limits

Action limits

Zone of regulation

Regulation interval



Warning limits When reached a warning that required values

can be extent is provide

Action: Higher sampling frequency or Control of filling process



Action limits When reached a regulation is necessary There is a exceeding limit risk



Zone of regulation

a zone where regulation takes place this zone is determined by action limits



Regulation interval

interval determined by a number of pieces after a number of pieces a regulation is carried

out


control system

Influence of a product (control selection)

100% control

High density, adhesion Inhomogenity of products Regulation is difficult


control system

Influence of a product (control selection)

Statistical control

Liquids, inadhesive materials homogenous products Regulation is relatively easy


Evaluation of control process

Quantity evaluatedInterval statistic (pieces or minutes) Daily – influence of operators Monthly and annually - economics indicatorsBatch statistics Depends on batch sizeProduct statistics Characteristic of products and process of

production is taken into account


System of prepackages control

Procedures suitability

The characteristics of filling and packing process are highly dependent upon

the nature of the product which is packed

the type of package and the way in which it is filled.

.




Characteristics such as the average quantity packed, and the variation of the individual packages round this average, give important indications for the quality of the process, and how it should be controlled.

.




Measurement results must be representative

At least once an hour the average content of the produced prepackages must be determined and evaluated.

The same applies for the number or percentage of prepackages with a content below the TU1 and TU2 limits.




Identification of variations of the production process

Variations in the filling process that cause repackages to fail to meet the requirements must be identified

In general a deviation must be detected within an hour, since every hour’s production must meet the requirements.




The measuring and sampling methods

A packer must draw a sample of enough items of the running production on a regular basis. The content of each item in the sample is determined.

Parts of this may be automated (for instance by using a checkweigher).




Sampling Frequency

The sampling frequency depends on the deviation of the filling process and the number of adjustments, but it should be at least once an hour and after adjustment.

In certain situations (for instance bottle filling carousels that can not beadjusted) a lower frequency might be possible.

Checks must be carried out before the prepackages are distributed.




Sample sizeThe sample size can be calculated with

following formula



Example:



Overfill

The target quantity (nominal quantity + overfill) should be the greatest of :

the nominal quantityTU1 + 2 x STU2 + 3,72 x S



Overfill

The target quantity (nominal quantity + overfill) should be the greatest of :

the nominal quantity TU1 + 2 x S TU2 + 3,72 x S

If the standard deviation is larger than target quantity – TU1 the standard deviation must be monitored.


Use of MCB in packing process

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PACKER OR IMPORTER The packer or importer shall be responsible for

ensuring that prepackages meet the requirements The quantity of product contained in a prepackage (or

packing quantity), known as the ‘actual contents', shall be measured or checked by weight or volume on the responsibility of the packer and/or importer



RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PACKER OR IMPORTER

Where the actual contents are not measured, the check carried out by the packer shall be so organized that the quantity of the contents is effectively ensured



RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PACKER OR IMPORTER

In the case of products in quantities expressed in units of volume, one of several methods of meeting the measuring and checking requirements is to use, when making up the prepackage, a measuring container of the type defined in the Directive relating thereto, filled under the conditions prescribed in that Directive and herein


MCB – 75/107/EEC

MCB – Measuring Container Bottle

Covered by Directive 75/107/EEC of 19 December 1974 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to bottles used as measuring containers


MCB – 75/107/EEC


MCB which bear the reversed epsilon sign “э” have to meet the requirements of the Directive.


MCB – 75/107/EEC


Requirements:

a) the average volume each bottle contains and the variability of the volume in a batch of MCB,

b) the markings on the bottles,

c) an approved mark to identify the manufacturer


MCB – 75/107/EEC

MCB – Definition

bottles, of glass or other rigid and stable substance, that are designed to be stoppered, and intended for

storage, transport or delivery of liquids, have a nominal capacity between 0.05 L and 5 L

inclusive, that when filled to a specified level or specified

percentage of their brim capacity, can measured with sufficient accuracy.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

MCB – not covered by this definition

bottles made of flexible materials, such as thin plastic material, bottles that are not designed to be capped or stoppered,

bottles used for non-liquid products, such as thick sauces,

bottles with a capacity less than 50 ml or more than 5 L,

bottles that are not manufactured to measure with sufficient accuracy.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

MCB having „3‟ have to:meet the requirements of the Directive,

andbe subject to metrological control

specified in the Annexes


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Directive on prepackages and MCB

Directive 76/211/EEC on prepackages permits using of MCB when making up prepackages, where the quantity is expressed in units of volume, when filled to the appropriate fill level.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Non „3‟ marked MCB

They do not have to meet the requirements nor be subject to metrological controls. But these cannot be used as measures for the purposes of Directive 76/211/EEC.

Free movement is not allowed under the Directive


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Free movement of MCB

No Member Sate may refuse, prohibit or restrict the marketing and use of MCB which satisfy the requirements and tests specified in the Directive for reasons of:

their volume, the determination of their volume, or the methods by which they have been

checked


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Technical RequirementsThe nominal capacity Vn

the volume which is marked on the bottle; the volume which the MCB is deemed to contain when

it is filledin the conditions of use for which it is intended‟.The Brim Capacity

the volume of liquid it contains when filled to the brim, andThe Actual Capacity

the volume of liquid that contains when it is filled exactly under the conditions corresponding theoretically to the nominal capacity.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Methods of filling bottles

to a constant level, where liquid is introduced and the MCB is filled up to the stated fill height, and

to a constant vacuity, where the MCB is filled to the brim and then a specific quantity is removed.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

In order to meet the Directive 76/211/EECrequirements for prepackages, the maximumpermissible errors (both positive and negative) are specified.

These errors relate to the differences between the nominal capacity and the actual capacity when filled as specified, at the standard temperature of 20oC.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Maximum permissible errors


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Maximum permissible errors

Manufacturers cannot use systematic exploitation of tolerances


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Determination of the MCB actual capacity

measuring the quantity of water at 20oC which the MCB actually contains when filled to the level theoretically corresponding to the nominal capacity

weighing the quantity of a liquid of known density needed to the fill the MCB to the required level, and determining the volume by dividing this weight by the density


MCB – 75/107/EEC

„3‟ mark on an MCB

is certifying that the bottle meets all the requirements of the Directive

generally moulds increase in size as they wear, and a manufacturer needs to have a suitable system in place to ensure that the Directives accuracy requirements are met


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Competent department Is responsible for:

approving marks, notifying other competent departments and the

Commission of the marks that have been approved, and

checking that MCB comply with the provisions of the Directive – statistical check- reference method


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Control using MCB

The uncertainty of measurement, from both the error permitted on the MCB and the measurement of the liquid level, must be taken into account when establishing the appropriate fill height and control limits.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Control using MCB

Unless other means of controlling the contents are employed, MCB can only be used for monitoring content fill if they are used with a certificated template.


MCB – 75/107/EEC

The template must bear the following inscriptions

identity mark, identity of MCBs for which it is to be used the nominal quantity being packed graduations to permit the determination of fill quantity

errors the operational temperature of the liquid, and if that

temperature is not 20 0C, a description of the liquid and the apparent thermal co-efficient of cubical expansion 24 by reference to which the template has been graduated.

if it is to be used over a closure a statement to that effect and the identity of the closure


MCB – 75/107/EEC

Setting the target fill volume

The packer should take into account following:

variation in the filling process

variation in the MCBs, and

possible error in determining the fill height using the template


Thank you for your attention

Ivan Kříž

ČMI

[email protected]

www.cmi.cz

Organised in co-operation with Serbian Chamber of Commerce Technical characteristic of package and...

Documents

Transcript of Organised in co-operation with Serbian Chamber of Commerce Technical characteristic of package and...