Organic Review
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Transcript of Organic Review
Organic ReviewOrganic ReviewOrganic ReviewOrganic Review
organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon
hydrocarbon
Which type of hydrocarbons are saturated
Single bonded hydrocarbons
Which types of hydrocarbons are unsaturated
Double or triple bonded carbons
Which are more reactive chemically, saturated hydrocarbons of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
unsaturated
What is the standard formula of a alkane
CnH2n+2
What is the standard formula of a alkene
CnH2n
What is the standard formula of a alkyne
CnH2n-2
What is the ending for a double bonded hydrocarbon?
ene
What is the ending for a single bonded hydrocarbon?
ane
What is the ending for a triple bonded hydrocarbon?
yne
What is the ending for a carboxylic acid?
Anoic acid
What is the ending for a ketone
one
What is the ending for an aldehyde?
al
What is the ending for a ether
oxy
What is the ending for an ester
anoate
What is the ending for an alcohol
ol
What is the beginning for a 7 carbon chain?
hept
What is the beginning for a 9 carbon chain?
non
What is the beginning for a 3 carbon chain?
prop
What is the beginning for a 4 carbon chain?
but
What is the beginning for a 5 carbon chain?
pent
What is the beginning for a 2 carbon chain?
eth
What is the beginning for a 6 carbon chain?
hex
What is the beginning for a 1 carbon chain?
meth
What is the beginning for a 8 carbon chain?
oct
What is the ending for a carboxylic acid?
Anoic acid
What is the ending for a alcohol?
ol
What type of reaction will unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo that saturated hydrocarbons will not?
Addition reactions
. Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction + Cl2
.What type of chemical reaction do all hydrocarbons undergo
combustion
Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethane
Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction
+ 2 Br2
How does the length of the carbon chain effect the melting points and boiling points of hydrocarbons?
The longer the carbon chain the higher the melting and boiling points.
Which of the following would you expect to have the highest boiling point?
(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (2) CH4
(3) CH3CH3
(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
Are hydrocarbons soluble in water? Why or why not?
They are not soluble in water as they are non-polar.
What are isomers?
Isomers have the same molecular formula but different molecular
structure. The double or triple bond will be in a different location
Which of the following pairs represents pairs of isomers?
CH2CH
CH3 CH3
CH
CH2
CH2CH
CH2
CH3CH3CH
CH
CH3
Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - propane
alkane
Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -
alkene
Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - ethyne
alkyne
Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -
alkyne
Name the following -
3 - nonyne
Name the following -
ethene
CH2
CH2
Name the following -
2 butyne
CH3CC CH3
Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - butane
Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 1 – hexene
Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 2 – pentyne
Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - ethyne
Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 4- nonene
Why is no number used in the names “ethene” and “propene”?
There is only one place you can put the double bond for both molecules.
Why is the name 3 - pentyne incorrect?
It would be 2 pentyne as you always have to name using the smallest hydrocarbon
chain.
Describe and explain the relationship between the sizes of hydrocarbon molecules and their boiling points.
The longer the hydrocarbon molecule the higher the melting and boiling point.
is a method used to separate the components of petroleumIt involves the process of distillation, making use of the differences in boiling points of the different hydrocarbons.
fractional distillation
To make fuels better for internal combustion engines straight chain hydrocarbons are broken down into shorter branched chain hydrocarbons
process of cracking
a particular combination of atoms that contributes to the physical and chemical characteristics of a substance
functional group
What type of functional group does an alcohol contain
OH (hydroxyl) group
Give the physical properties of alcohols
• polar• higher melting and boiling points
the alkanes of similar chain length• longer the carbon chain is the
higher the boiling point will be
Write the equation for the complete combustion of methanol.
2CH3OH + 3O2 ===> 2CO2 + 4H2O
Name the - CH3CH2OH
ethanol
Name - CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
2 - butenol
Name - CH3 CH2 CH2CH(OH) CH2 CH2CH3
4 - heptanol
Draw the structural formula for - 1 – propanol
Draw the structural formula for - ethanol
Draw the structural formula for –, 1 - hexanol
What type of functional group does an ether
contain?
R – O - R
. Explain why methanol has a higher melting point than methane.
It contains an hydroxyl so is polar and forms hydrogen bonds and will
therefore take more energy to split the bonds thus causing an higher
melting point.
Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point.1 – pentanol, decane, 1 – decanol, pentane
Pentane, 1-pentanol,decane, decanol
Consider the following two compounds:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.Which is an ether and which
is an alcohol• CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol
• CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether
Which will evaporate at the lower temperature
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether
Which has the higher solubility in a polar solvent - CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol
What type of functional group does a carboxylic acid
have?
COOH
What type of chemical reaction is common for
carboxylic acids
Esterfication and neutralization reactions.
What is the functional group for an ester?
What are the products and the reactants in an
esterification reaction?
Alcohols + Carboxylic acid -- ester
. What is the most distinctive property of
esters?
The have a very strong odor.
What are esters commonly used for?
Cleaning solutions
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Using water to break down a compounds into smaller parts.
What is the functional group for ketones
What is the functional group for aldehydes
Draw the structure of butanal.
Draw the structure for 2-pentanone.
What is a plastic?
synthetic (man made) polymer
What are large molecules that are
formed by linking many small molecules together
called:
polymer
A molecule that is able to bond in long chains.
monomer
What is the difference between an addition
polymer and a condensation polymer? Give an example
of each
addition polymers the monomers will contain one or more multiple bonds that can undergo addition reactions.
condensation reaction water is a product