ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules.

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ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON

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Transcript of ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules.

Page 1: ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules.

ORGANIC MOLECULES

BYDAWN THOMPSON

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Organic molecules

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Carbohydrates

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CARBOHYDRATES ELEMENTS: C H O H:O = 2:1 BUILDING BLOCKS: monosaccharides (glucose,

simple sugars) FUNCTIONS:1. preferred energy source - glucose/short term glycogen/long term 2. storage material – starch/plants glycogen/animals

3. structural material- cellulose/plant cell wall

chitin/fungus cell wall, insect exoskeleton

SOURCES: Honey, candy, spaghetti, rice, potato, bread

End in ose

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More carbohydrate info

MonoS: single sugar unit C6H12O6

glucose, fructose DiS: double sugar unit C12H22O11

sucrose. PolyS: many glucose units (C12H10O5)n

arranged differently cellulose, glycogen, starch

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Proteins

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PROTEIN ELEMENTS: C H O N sometimes P and S BUILDING BLOCKS: amino acids 20 types variable

amino gp carboxyl gp FUNCTIONS: 1. growth and repair 2. enzymes – speed reactions

3. hormones –insulin, controls blood sugar

4. nails, hair, muscle, hemoglobin 5. last resort source of energy

SOURCES: dairy products, peanuts, meat

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BONDING OF AMINO ACIDS

Amino acids bond together making proteins.

C—N peptide bond forms between amino acids

Amino acids end in ine or ate

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Lipids

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LIPIDS ELEMENTS: C H O #H huge compared to O

BUILDING BLOCKS: fatty acids and glycerol (E)

FUNCTIONS: 1. energy source

2. insulation

3. water proofing 4. plasma membrane

SOURCES: butter, fried foods, bacon fat

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Other info about lipids Room temperature: fats-solid, oil-liquid Insoluble Saturated fats: contain saturated fatty acids

with single bonds along C chain, animal lipids. Not good, solid.

Unsaturated fats: contain double bond/s along C chain. Plant lipids, good, liquid.

Waxes Phospholipids Steroids: cholesterol

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Nucleic acids

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NUCLEIC ACIDS ELEMENTS: C H O P BUILDING BLOCKS: nucleotides

Sugar+phosphate+N base

FUNCTIONS: 1. genetic blueprints 2. transferring information

EXAMPLES: DNA, RNA,


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