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Organic MoleculeMonomerPolymer CarbohydrateMonosaccharidePolysaccharide ProteinAmino Acid Protein aka Polypeptide Lipid a.Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains b.Steroid rings Lipid Nucleic AcidNucleotideNucleic Acid

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Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins And Nucleic Acids

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Glucose Glycogen Lactose Sucrose

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Single sugar unit Empirical formula: C:H 2 :O Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Fructose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Ribose (C 5 H 10 O 5 ) 2 linked sugar units Ex: Sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) Lactose (C 12 H 22 O 11 )

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a large molecule made up of many sugar subunits Examples: Starcha molecule plants use to store energy Cellulosemake up plant cell walls Glycogena molecule animals use to store energy in blood

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Organic Molecule Name Structure of monomer/subunits Structure of polymer Functions Elements Monomer name & Examples Polymer name & Examples

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Obtain Carbon molecules, construction paper, glue/tape, scissors Cut out all monosaccharide shapes along solid lines Monosaccharide: glue one glucose to paper Dehydration synthesis: cut out the H and OH to make space for the new bond. Make a water molecule: Attach H-OH, glue to paper. Make disaccharide: Attach subunits, glue to paper Repeat for polysaccharide

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1. Enzymes (protein catalysts)speed up chemical reactions 2. Transport proteinsallow chemicals to enter/exit cells through the cell membrane 3. Antibodiesfight off disease 4. Communicationhormones (insulin), Growth Factors, other signals 5. Structural proteinsfound in hair, muscle, tendons

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There are 20 amino acids that make up human proteins.

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peptide bond + H 2 O

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http://www.learner.org/courses/biology/arc hive/animations/hires/a_proteo1_h.html http://www.learner.org/courses/biology/arc hive/animations/hires/a_proteo1_h.html

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Amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids. The sequence is specific for each protein

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If you change the shape, you will affect the function (either making it less efficient, or totally dysfunctional)

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alpha helice : beta sheet :

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1. Energy Storage: Triglycerides in blood stores 2X more energy than starch 2. Cell Membrane Components: Phospholipids & cholesterol 3. Sex Hormones: steroids, including testosterone and estrogen 4. Insulation: fat provides warmth and organ cushioning 5. Water proofing: Oils and Waxes waterproof leaves and water animals

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Glycerol +3 Fatty Acid Chains HHHHHH

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Saturated fatty acids: all single bonds straight chain solid at room temp Unsaturated fatty acids: At least one double bond in one of the chains Bent chain Liquid at room temp ** The triglyceride above is an unsaturated fatit has one fatty acid chain with a double bond (bent chain) **

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Phospholipids: Change one of the chains to a phosphate group Steroids: Four fused carbon rings, honeycomb structure

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1. What is the primary function of lipids? 2. Which is NOT an example of a lipid: a) Glucose b) Cholesterol c) Testosterone d) Phospholipid 3. What subunits make up a lipid? 4. Why dont lipids mix with water? 5. What are the differences between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?

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DNA must remain inside the nucleus RNA can leave the nucleus and go into the cytplasm

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MonomerPolymer Carb Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Front: Draw monomer & Polymer structures. Write examples for each. Back: Identify functions & examples with descriptions Summarize your Knowledge