Organic Farming
80
VICTOR V. GERALDE VICTOR V. GERALDE Agriculturist II/Administrator PNFTC, Barili, Cebu An Introduction An Introduction
Transcript of Organic Farming
VICTOR V. GERALDEVICTOR V. GERALDEAgriculturist II/Administrator
PNFTC, Barili, Cebu
An IntroductionAn Introduction
Problems
a. Disturbance in plant physiology causes increase in host susceptibilityb. Accumulation of toxic substances in the
food chainc. Human health is greatly affectedd. Chemical fertilizers also lead to the
reduction in beneficial microorganisms efficacy
e. Pollution of ground waterf. Reduction in soil fertility and production
Problems
g. Reduction in nutrient elements in produced agricultural products
h. Reduction of shelf life of produced vegetables and fruits
i. Increased problems on post harvest losses
History● 1924 – Prof. Rudolf Steiner of
Germany, in his lectures, correlates the plant and agriculture with the other global and environmental relationships and powers.
● 1970 – IFOAM, the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, published the first complete set of organic regulations.
History
● 24 June 1991 – the first Official Laws which deal with organic agriculture were issued and published in the Official Journal of the Europian Community
● 2000 – USA issued its National Organic Program outlining the regulations how to produce organic products.
● 2002 – Japan issued the Japan Agriculture Standards for organic production.
However, production of organic products must be based on certain rules of target markets.
What is Organic Farming?It is not easy with organic farming. Organic farming involves a process.
A production system that avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, and livestock additives.
Activities are mainly based on internationally accepted protocols.(International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, IFOAM)
What is Organic Farming?
Organic farming systems rely upon crop rotation, crop residue, animal manures, legumes, green manures, off-farm organic wastes, mechanical cultivation and mineral-bearing blocks.
It also relies on aspects of biological control to maintain soil productivity, to supply plant nutrients and to control insects, weeds and other pests.
Maintaining Soil Fertility and Biological Activity
Cultivation of legumes, green manures
Incorporation in the soil of organic material, composted or not, farmyard manure
Maintaining Soil Fertility and Biological Activity
For compost activation, appropriate microorganisms or plant-based preparations maybe used
Biodynamic preparations from stone meal, farmyard manure or plants may also be used
Pests, diseases and weeds should be controlled by any one or a combination of the following measures:
Flame weeding
Natural enemies including release of predators and parasites
Mulching and mowing
Pests, diseases and weeds should be controlled by any one or a combination of the following measures:
Choice of appropriate species and varieties, appropriate rotation programs, mechanical cultivation
Protection of natural enemies of pests through provision of favourable habitat, such as hedges and nesting sites, ecological buffer zones which maintain original vegetation to house pest predators, diversified ecosystems
Pests, diseases and weeds should be controlled by any one or a combination of the following measures:
Grazing animals
Mechanical control such as traps, barriers, light and sound
Steam sterilization
Biodymanic preparations
Principles in Organic AgricultureThe Principle of Health – Organic
Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal and human as one and indivisible.
The Principle of Ecology – Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them.
Principles in Organic AgricultureThe Principle of Fairness – Organic
Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities.
The Principle of Care – Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations and the environment.
The only body authorized and accredited by the Philippine Department of Agriculture to certify organic products in the country
Needs 3-6 months to complete the inspection of organic farms before it can issue a Certificate which costs USD 297 and is valid only for 1 year.
Organic Certification Center of the Philippines (OCCP)
Conversion Period of Farms
Full seasonal crops = after 2 years
Perennial crops = after 3 years
For virgin farmlands = after 1 year
The Organic Agriculture Industry
Total Organic Area (Asia) = 4.1 Million hectares with almost 300,000 farmers.
Asian market for organic food is valued at USD 750 Million.
The Organic Agriculture Industry
The Organic Agriculture industry in the Philippines is still in its infancy stage with very little reliable data on its domestic market.
Certified organic products include rice, vegetables, sugar, banana and coconut.
The Organic Agriculture Industry
Exported organic products include muscovado sugar, banana chips, coconut cooking oil, virgin coconut oil, dessicated coconut and dried banana leaves
The Organic Agriculture Industry
Organic market in the Philippines is growing at a significant rate of 10-20% annually.
Prices of organic products are 20-30% higher
BOTANICAL PESTICIDES
a. Atis (Anona squamosa) – Pulverize the seeds and mix with water. Use as spray against aphids, ants and other insects.
b. Chrysanthemum – Grind the dried flowers. Mix with clay loam soil and water. Spray against a wide range of insects. Proportion will be 6-7 tablespoons of dried ground flower to 1 gallon of water.
BOTANICAL PESTICIDES
c. Tubli (Derris sp.) – Pound the fresh bark and rods and extract the juice with water. Mix 6 tablespoons of juice to 3-4 liters of water. It makes an effective insect spray.
d. Madre de cacao (Glirieidia sepium) – Extract the juice from leaves and stems. Mix with water and spray against insects. Fresh stems with leaves can be placed between plants to deter insects.
BOTANICAL PESTICIDES
e. Makabuhay (Tinosporo rumphi) – Pound the root, stem and leaves to extract the juice. Mix with water. Use spray against aphids, flies, moths, worms and other insects.
f. Tomato – Boil the stems and leaves of tomato in water. Cool it. Spray against caterpillars and black or green flies. This will also serve to deter future attack.
BOTANICAL PESTICIDES
g. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) – Boil the midribs and stems in water for a few minutes or soak for 3-4 days. Let it cool. This is an effective spray against numerous insect pests.
h. Red pepper – Pound several red pepper in water and drain. Mix the solution with water and spray to target pests
Others
a. Soap and water spray – Mix 3 tbsp of soap flakes in 1 gallon water. Spray against insects.
b. Wood ash – Spray wood ash around the plant roots to control root maggots in radish, onions, cabbage and other brassicas. Encircle plants with a 3-4 inch wide trench, 1-2 inches deep and fill this with wood ash to discourage snails slugs, and cutworms.
SALAMAT!
