ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!!. All living organisms require 4 types of Organic...
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Transcript of ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The Chemistry of LIFE!!. All living organisms require 4 types of Organic...
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
The Chemistry of LIFE!!
All living organisms require 4 types of Organic Compounds:
1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids
**All contain**: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
1. Carbohydrates
• All carbs contain C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio
• Functions: Energy & structural support
• Exist as:a. Monosaccharides
b. Disaccharides
c. polysaccharides
a. Monosaccharide“simple sugar”
3 Forms1. Glucose - made by plants;
source of energy
2. Fructose - found in fruits; Sweetest!!
3. Galactose – found in milk
These are ISOMERS – same chemical formula but different structures.
b. Disaccharide“double sugar”
3 Forms1. Sucrose – Table Sugar
glucose + fructose
2. Maltose - Malt Sugar glucose + glucose
3. Lactose – Milk Sugarglucose + galactose
•How do monosaccharides form disaccharides?
• Hydrolysis
• Dehydration synthesis
c. Polysaccharide“Many Sugars”
3 Forms – All composed of repeating units of glucose.
1. Glycogen – Energy storage in animals. (Liver & Muscles)
2. Starch - Energy storage in plants (Roots, Stems, Leaves)
3. Cellulose - Gives strength & rigidity to plant cell(Fiber Prevents Colon Cancer)
Pectin & Carrageenan