Organic Chemistry Unit. What is Organic Chemistry? The study of carbon- containing compounds made up...
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Transcript of Organic Chemistry Unit. What is Organic Chemistry? The study of carbon- containing compounds made up...
![Page 1: Organic Chemistry Unit. What is Organic Chemistry? The study of carbon- containing compounds made up of non-metal elements (covalent bonds)](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032517/56649cc25503460f9498a8e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OrganicOrganicChemistryChemistry
UnitUnit
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What is Organic Chemistry?What is Organic Chemistry?
The study of carbon-
containing compounds made up ofnon-metal
elements(covalent bonds)
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Organic Compound?Organic Compound?Yes or NoYes or No
Na2CO3 No
Yes!
Yes!
C2H6
C4H6Br2F2
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Why Carbon??Why Carbon??Found in Nature ( ranked 17th in crust)
ElementCompound
Found in all living matterFound in body tissueFound in food Found in fuels (coal, wood, petroleum)
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Forms of Carbon Forms of Carbon Term = Allotrope
Same elementDifferent bonding patternDifferent arrangement
• Diamond• Graphite
• Fullerene
•Carbon exists in 3 solid forms
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DiamondDiamond
Tetrahedrally oriented
Hardest material known
Most dense form of Carbon
High melting point
Conducts heat
Does not conduct electricity
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GraphiteGraphite
Layers of hexagonal plates
Soft Feels greasy Crumbles easily High melting point Conducts electricity
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FullereneFullerene
Discovered in mid 1980s Found in soot Spherical cages of carbon Hexagons and pentagons Most stable is C60
Resembles geodesic dome C60 = Buckminsterfullerene
or
Buckyball
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Diversity of Organic ChemistryDiversity of Organic Chemistry
Due to uniqueness of Carbon
• Can bond to itself covalently
• Forms chains and rings
• Term = Catenation
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Carbon bonds to elementsCarbon bonds to elements
Carbon readily bonds to :– H– O– N– S– Halogens
Cl, Br, F,I
Hydrocarbons– Simplest
organic compounds
– Only contain Carbon and Hydrogen
(CxHy)
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FormulasFormulas
Indicates # of atomsTypes of atoms
Molecular Formula
Written representations of a compound
using letters (and sometimes numbers)
Example:
C8H18
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Structural Formula
Indicates
• # of atoms
• Type of atoms
• Bonding Arrangement
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Structural formulas show all bonds in compound
Condensed structural formulas only show bonds between carbon atoms
CH3CHCH3
CH3
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Arrangement of AtomsArrangement of Atoms
Compounds that have:–Same molecular
formula–Different structure
or arrangement–Called ISOMERS
As # of carbon atoms goes up
# of isomers goes up– C8 18 isomers– C9 35 isomers– C10 75 isomers– C40
69,491,178,805,831
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Example of IsomersExample of Isomers
Structural Isomers: same formula but atoms are bonded in a different order
C4H10
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Geometric IsomersGeometric Isomers
Order of atoms is the same but the arrangement in space is different
Typically need a rigid bond (double or triple bond). Don’t see this with single bonds!
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AlkanesAlkenesAlkynesAromaticsAlcohols
EthersEstersAldehydesKetonesAmines
We are going to study: